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MATH 115 – integral calculus

Handout #9
Trigonometric Integrals
Trigonometric integrals involve algebraic operations on trigonometric functions. You have
already learned how to evaluate some trigonometric integrals by applying the integration formulas in the
earlier sections. We now apply these formulas and trigonometric identities to evaluate integrals
involving product of powers of trigonometric functions.

Case 1. (i) or (ii) , where is a positive odd integer.

(i) Factor

(ii) Factor

Examples.

 cos
1. 3 xdx

 sin
2. 5 2xdx

Leithold,Louis. The Calculus 7. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. 2002

Conception, B.P.,et al. Integral Calculus. Pablo L. Bustamante III Press.2001
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Case 2. , where at least one of the exponents is a positive odd

integer. The solution of this case is similar to the method used for Case 1.

(i) If is odd,

(ii) If is odd,

 sin
3. 3 x cos4 xdx

 cos  sin
4. 5 2  d

 sin
5. 6 x cos3 xdx

Leithold,Louis. The Calculus 7. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. 2002

Conception, B.P.,et al. Integral Calculus. Pablo L. Bustamante III Press.2001
 3

We cannot follow the procedures of Cases 1 and 2 to integrate powers of sine and cosine when
neither exponent is odd. In such a situation we apply one or both of the following identities:

sin 2 x  1 cos2x ; cos2 x  1 cos2 x

2 2

Case 3. (i) , (ii) , or (iii) , where both

and are positive even integers.

(i) Factor

(ii) Factor

(iii) Factor

 cos
6. 4 xdx

 sin
7. 2 2xdx

Leithold,Louis. The Calculus 7. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. 2002

Conception, B.P.,et al. Integral Calculus. Pablo L. Bustamante III Press.2001
 4

 sin
8. 4 x cos2 xdx

 sin
9. 6 x cos4 xdx

10**
 sin3x cos2xdx

Leithold,Louis. The Calculus 7. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. 2002

Conception, B.P.,et al. Integral Calculus. Pablo L. Bustamante III Press.2001
 5

Case 4. (i) , or (ii) , where is a positive integer.

(i) Factor

(ii) Factor

 tan
11.
3 xdx

 cot
12.
4 3xdx

Leithold,Louis. The Calculus 7. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. 2002

Conception, B.P.,et al. Integral Calculus. Pablo L. Bustamante III Press.2001
 6

Case 5. (i) , or (ii) , where is a positive even integer.

(i) Factor

(ii) Factor

 sec
13. 4 xdx

 csc
14. 6 xdx

Leithold,Louis. The Calculus 7. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. 2002

Conception, B.P.,et al. Integral Calculus. Pablo L. Bustamante III Press.2001
 7

Case 6. (i) , or (ii) , where is a positive even

integer.

(i) Factor

(ii) Factor

 tan
15. 5 x sec4 xdx

1
 csc x cot 2 xdx
16. 4

Leithold,Louis. The Calculus 7. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. 2002

Conception, B.P.,et al. Integral Calculus. Pablo L. Bustamante III Press.2001
 8

Case 7. (i) , or (ii) , where is a positive odd

integer.

(i) Factor

(ii) Factor

 tan
17. 5 x sec7 xdx

5
 csc2 x cot xdx
18. 3

Leithold,Louis. The Calculus 7. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. 2002

Conception, B.P.,et al. Integral Calculus. Pablo L. Bustamante III Press.2001
 9

Case 8. (i) or (ii) , where is a positive odd integer.

Apply integration by parts (IBP).

(i) Let and .

(ii) Let and .

 sec
19. 3 xdx

 csc
20. 5 xdx

Leithold,Louis. The Calculus 7. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. 2002

Conception, B.P.,et al. Integral Calculus. Pablo L. Bustamante III Press.2001
 10

Case 9. (i) , or (ii) , where is a positive even

integer and is a positive odd integer.

Express the integrand in terms of odd powers of secant or cosecant and then
follow the suggestions in Case 8.

(i) Factor

(ii) Factor

 tan
21. 2 x sec3 xdx

 cot
22. 4 2 x csc3 2 xdx

Leithold,Louis. The Calculus 7. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. 2002

Conception, B.P.,et al. Integral Calculus. Pablo L. Bustamante III Press.2001
 11

Reduction Formulas for Trigonometric Integrals

 1 n1u cosu  n 1 sin n2 udu

sinn udu n sin n 

 1 n1u sin u  n 1 cosn2 udu

 cosn udu n cos n 
1 tann1u  tan n2 udu
 tann udu  n 1 

 cotn udu   1 cot n1u   cot n2 udu

n 1

 1 secn1u tan u  n  2 secn2 udu

secn udu n 1 n 1 
n udu   1 cscn1u cot u  n  2 cscn2 udu
 csc
n 1 n 1 

Practice.

5
23.
 cot xdx

4
24.
 csc zdz

Leithold,Louis. The Calculus 7. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. 2002

Conception, B.P.,et al. Integral Calculus. Pablo L. Bustamante III Press.2001
 12

 tan
25. 3 5 y sec2 5 ydy

 sin
26. 4 x cos3 xdx

Leithold,Louis. The Calculus 7. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. 2002

Conception, B.P.,et al. Integral Calculus. Pablo L. Bustamante III Press.2001
 13

csc4 xdx
27.
 cot 2 x

2sin w 1 dw
28.
 cos2 w

Leithold,Louis. The Calculus 7. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. 2002

Conception, B.P.,et al. Integral Calculus. Pablo L. Bustamante III Press.2001
 14

sec3 x dx
29.
 tan4 x

 sin
30. 4 x cos2 x cot 2 xdx

Leithold,Louis. The Calculus 7. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. 2002

Conception, B.P.,et al. Integral Calculus. Pablo L. Bustamante III Press.2001