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y C (const ) y 0
y x n
y n x n 1
y ax n
y anx n 1
y ax bx cx
n m p
n 1 m 1
y an x bm x c p x p 1
THE CHAIN RULE
• Used when given a function within a function
f x ax b
n
E.g
1st function ax b followed by another function “raising to power n
dy dy
5t 4 1 5 x 3
4
dx dx
Example 2
dy
y 3x 2
7
find given
dx
let t 3 x 2 y t7
dt dy
3 7t 6
dx dt
By chain rule
dy dy dt
dx dt dx
dy dy
7t 6 3 21 3 x 2
6
dx dx
Example 3
Find the gradient function of y 1 9 x
3
•.
let t 1 9 x y t3
dt dy
9 3t 2
dx dt
By chain rule
dy dy dt
dx dt dx
dy dy
3t 2 9 27 1 9 x
2
dx dx
Example 4
Find
•. y given y 5 2 x 3 4
let t 5 2 x 3 y t 4
dt dy
2 3 x 2 4t 5
dx dt
By chain rule
dy dy dt
dx dt dx
24 x 5 2 x
dy dy 3 5
4t 5 6 x 2 2
dx dx
Exercise
• Find y given
y 3 x
6
• 1.
• 2. y 3 x 7
5 4
y x 1
1
• 3. 4
THE PRODUCT RULE
• Used when given a product of function
E.g f x ax b cx d
We use delta notation to derive formula
y y u u v v
y y uv vu u v uv
y uv vu uv uv y
y uv vu uv uv uv
y vu u v u v
• We divide thro’ by x
y u v u
v u v
x x x x
y u v u
lim lim v u v y dy
x 0 x x 0
x x x Recall lim
x 0 x dx
dy du dv
• v u Called PRODUCT RULE
• dx dx dx
Example 1
Find y given y 1 x 3 2 x
•.
let u 1 x and v 3 2 x
du dv
1 2
dx dx
By product rule
dy du dv
v u
dx dx dx
3 2 x 1 1 x 2
3 2 x 2 1 x
3 2x 2 2x
dy
1 4x
dx
Example 2
Find the gradient function of y x7 3 4 x
•.
let u x 7 and v 3 4 x
du dv
7x 6
4
dx dx
By product rule
dy du dv
v u
dx dx dx
3 4 x 7 x 6 x 7 4
21x 6 28 x 7 4 x 7
dy
21x 6 32 x 7 x 6 21 32 x
dx
Example 3
dy
of the function y x 5 x 3
4
Find
•.
dx
let u x and v 5 x 3 let t 5 x 3
4
v t4
du dv dt dv
1 20 5 x 3
3
5 4t 3
dx dx dx dt
By product rule
dy du dv dv dv dt
v u
dx dx dx dx dt dx
5 x 3 1 x 20 5 x 3 dv
20 5 x 3
4 3
3
dx
5 x 3 5 x 3 20 x
3
dy
5 x 3 25 x 3
3
dx
Example 4
y 10 x 2 x
3 4
Find the derivative of
•.
let u 10 x v 2 x
3 4
and
let t 2 x v t 4
du dv
4 2 x
5
3 x 2
dx dx dt dv
1 4t 5
By product rule dx dt
dy du dv
v u
dx dx dx dv dv dt
2 x 3 x 2 10 x 3 4 2 x
4 5
dx dt dx
3 x 2 2 x 4 10 x 3 2 x
4 5
dv
4 2 x
5
2 x
5
3 x 2 2 x 4 10 x 3 dx
2 x
5
6 x 2
3 x 3 40 4 x 3
2 x x 3 6 x 2 40
dy 5
dx
Exercise
• Find y given
• 1. y 5 2 x 1 x
• 2. y 1 x 5
x 2
• 3. y x 4 2 x 6
2
y 5 2 x 1 x
•. let u 5 2 x and v 1 x
du dv
2 1
dx dx
dy du dv
v u
dx dx dx
1 x 2 5 2 x 1
2 2x 5 2x
dy
3 4 x
dx
y x 2 1 x 5
•. let u x 2 1 and v x 5
du dv
2x 1
dx dx
dy du dv
v u
dx dx dx
x 5 2 x x 2 1 1
2 x 2 10 x x 2 1
dy
3 x 2 10 x 1
dx
y x 4 2x 6
2
• . let u x 4 v 2x 6
2
and
du dv
2 x 4 2
dx dx
dy du dv
v u
dx dx dx
2x 6 2 x 4 x 4 2
2
x 4 2 2x 6 2 x 4
x 4 4 x 12 2 x 8
dy
x 4 6 x 4 2 x 4 3 x 2
dx
THE QUOTIENT RULE
• Used when given a quotient of function
E.g ax b
f x
cx d
We use delta notation to derive formula
u
We let y where u and v are functions in x
v
u v
v u
y x x y dy
lim lim Recall lim
v v v
x 0 x x 0 x 0 x dx
du dv
v u
dy
dx dx
dx vv
u
so for
v
du dv
v u
dy dx dx
• Called QUOTIENT RULE
• dx v2
Example 1 1 3x
Find y given y
•. 1 x
let u 1 3 x and v 1 x
du dv
3 1
dx dx
By quotient rule
du dv
v u
dy
dx 2 dx
dx v
dy 1 x 3 1 3 x 1 3 3 x 1 3 x
1 x 1 x
2 2
dx
dy 2
dx 1 x 2
Example 2 6 x
Find the gradient function of y 7 x 2
•.
let u 6 x and v 7 x 2
du dv
1 2x
dx dx
By quotient rule
du dv
v u
dy
dx 2 dx
dx v
dy 1 6 x 2 x 7 x 2 12 x 2 x 2
2
7 x
7 x 7 x
2 2 2
dx 2
dy x 2 12 x 7
dx 7 x
2 2
Example 3
x 4
2
dy
Find
•. of the function y 3
dx x
let u x 4 and v x 3
2
let t x 4 v t2
2
du dv
2 x 4 3x 2
dx dx dt dv
1 2t
By quotient rule dx dt
du dv
v u
dy dv dv dt
dx 2 dx
dx v dx dt dx
x 2 x 4 x 4 3x 2 dv
2
2 x 4
3
dx
x3 x3
•.
dy x 2 x 4 x 4 3 x
3 2 2
dx x3 x3
x2 x 4 2x 3 x 4
x6
x x 4 2 x 3 x 12
2
x6
x x 4 12 x
2
x6
dy x 4 12 x
dx x4
Example 4
x 2
2
• . the derivative of y 2 3x 3
Find
let u x 2 and v 2 3x
2 3
du dv
2 x 2 9 2 3 x
3 2
dx dx
By quotient rule
du dv
v u
dy
dx 2 dx
dx v
2 3x 2 x 2 x 2 9 2 3 x
3 3 2 2
2 3x 2 3x
3 3
•.
dy 2 3 x 2 x 2 x 2 9 2 3 x
3 3 2 2
2 3x 2 3x
3 3
dx
2 3x x 2 2 2 3x 9 x 2
2 3
2 3x
6
2 3 x x 2 4 6 x 9 x 18
2 3
2 3x
6
2 3 x x 2 15 x 22
2 3
2 3x
6
dy x 2 15 x 22
3
2 3x
4
dx
Exercise
• Find y given
y
1 x
1.
3 x
4 2x
3
2. y
5
x 2
y
1 x
3 x
•.
let u 1 x and v 3 x
du dv
1 1
dx dx
By quotient rule
du dv
v u
dy
dx 2 dx
dx v
3 x 1 1 x 1 3 x 1 x
3 x 3 x
2 2
4
3 x
2
4 2x
3
y
x 2
5
•. let u 4 2 x
3
and v x 2 5
du dv
6 4 2 x 2x
2
dx dx
By quotient rule
du dv
v u
dy
dx 2 dx
dx v
x 2
5 6 4 2 x 4 2 x 2 x
2 3
x 5 2 2
4 2 x 6 x 5 2 x 4 2 x
2 2
x 5 2 2
•.
dy 5 2 x 4 2 x
2 2
4 2 x 6 x
x 5
2
dx 2
2 2 2
4 2 x 6 x 30 8 x 4 x
x 5
2 2
4 2 x 2 x 8 x 30
2 2
x 5
2 2
2 4 2 x x 2 4 x 15
2
x 5
2 2