1.

Users, clients, and developers may disagree on the problems in information systems
development because they have different viewpoints, levels of expertise, and priorities.
Miscommunication, changing requirements, and varying objectives can also lead to
disagreements. Effective communication and collaboration are important to address these
issues.

2. There are several underlying causes of problems in information systems development,

including:

1. Poor requirements gathering: If requirements are not properly collected or documented,

the resulting system may not meet the needs of its users or stakeholders.
2. Inadequate planning: Inadequate planning, such as not allowing enough time or
resources for development, can lead to rushed or incomplete systems.
3. Technical challenges: Technical challenges, such as integrating new systems with legacy
systems, can lead to delays or technical debt.
4. Communication breakdown: Miscommunication between stakeholders, such as
developers, users, and managers, can lead to misunderstandings and errors.
5. Scope creep: Scope creep, which is the gradual expansion of project requirements, can
lead to increased development time and cost.
6. Poor testing: Inadequate testing, such as not testing all possible use cases or not testing
for security vulnerabilities, can lead to errors or security issues.
7. Change management: Poor change management, such as not properly managing
changes to the system or not communicating changes to stakeholders, can lead to
confusion and errors.

It is important to address these underlying causes by improving communication,

planning, and testing, and by managing scope and changes effectively. By doing so,
developers can create more effective and efficient information systems that meet the
needs of their stakeholders.

3. Quality means how well something meets the requirements or expectations of its users or
stakeholders. It can be judged based on factors like performance, usability, and reliability. Higher
quality usually means better satisfaction and lower costs in the long run.

4. Quality problems are issues with the end product or service that can lead to customer
dissatisfaction and higher costs. Productivity problems are issues with the efficiency of the
processes used to create the end product or service, which can lead to delays and higher costs
due to overtime or additional resources.
5. Thesystem may address irrelevant problems. It may not fit the
way that people work. It may be unsuitable for its environment.
6. A stakeholder is a person, group or organization with a vested interest, or stake, in the
decision-making and activities of a business, organization or project.