13.

Probability
13. Probability

13.Probability
1. We have two types of probability
(i) Experimental Probability
(ii) Theoretical Probability
2. The theoretical Probability of an even E, written as P(E), is defined as

P(E) =

Where we assume that the outcomes of the experiment are equally likely
3. The Probability of a sure event is 1
4. The Probability of an impossible event is 0
5. The probability of an event E is a number P(E) such that .
6. An event having only one outcome is called an elementary event. The sum of the
probabilities of all elementary events of an experiment is 1.
7. For any event E, , where stands for “not E”.
8. E and are called complementary events.
9. Equally likely events: Two or more events are said to be equally likely if each one
of them has an equal chance of occurrence.
10. Mutually exclusive events: Two or more events are mutually exclusive if the
occurrence of each event prevents the every other event.
11. Complementary events: Consider an event has few outcomes. Event of all other
outcomes in the sample survey which are not in the favorable event is called
complementary event.
12. Exhaustive events: All the events are exhaustive events if their union is the
sample space.
13. Sure events: The sample space of a random experiment is called sure or certain
event as anyone of its elements will surely occur in any trial of the experiment.
14. Impossible event: An event which will occur an any account is called an
impossible event.

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13. Probability

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A bag contains a red ball, a blue ball and a yellow ball, all the balls being of the
same size. Manasa takes out a ball form the bag randomly, then the probability
that she takes an yellow ball is
(a)1 (b)0 (c) (d)

2. A dice is thrown once, then the probability of getting a number greater than 4 is
(a) (b) (c)1 (d) None

3. Which of the following is true, if represents probability of an event

(a) (b) (c) (d)
4. If one card is drawn from a well shuffled deck of 2 cards then the probability that
the card will be an ace
(a) (b) (c) (d) None

5. Sania and Venus, play a tennis match. If the Probability of Sania winning the
match is 0.71. Then the Probability of Venus winning the match
(a) 0.71 (b) 0.5 (c) (d)
6. In a non-leap year, the Probability that Ramesh and Mahesh will have different
birth days.
(a) (b) (c) (d) None

7. A trail is made to answer a true false question. The answer is right or wrong.
This event is
(a)Mutually exclusive event (b) equally likely event
(c)Exhaustive event (d) All of the above
8. Mr. Anil takes out all the hearts from the deck of playing cards. Then the
Probability of picking out a diamonds
(a) (b)1 (c) (d) 0

9. If Rahim takes out all the spades from the deck of playing cards. The probability
of picking a card that is not a spade
(a) (b)1 (c) (d) 0

10. A dice is thrown once then the probability of getting a number lying
between 2 and 6.
(a) (b)0 (c) (d) None

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13. Probability

11. The probability of drawing out a red king from a deck of cards

(a) (b) (c) (d) None

12. A box contains 3 blue, 2 white and 4 red marbles. If a marble is drawn at
randomly from the box. Then the Probability that it will be white marble is
(a) (b) (c) (d)

13. Arvind tosses two different coins simultaneously then the probability that the
gets at least one head
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0

14. A bag contains 3 red balls and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random from the
bag. Then the Probability that the ball drawn is not red.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

15. One card is drawn from well shuffled deck of 52 cards then the probability of
getting the queen of diamonds is
(a) (b) (c) (d)

16. 12 defective pens are accidentally mixed with 132 good ones. If one pen is taken
out at random from this lot. Then the probability that the pen taken out is a good
one is
(a) (b) (c) (d) None

17. A box contains 90 discs which are numbered from 1 to 90. If one disc is drawn at
random from the box, the probability that it is a perfect square is
(a) (b) (c) (d) None

18. Suppose a stone is dropped at random on the

rectangular region shown in the figure, then the probability that it will land
inside the circle with diameter 1m?

(a) (b) (c) (d) None

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13. Probability

19. If a digit is chosen at random from the digits , then the

probability that it is odd, is

(a) (b) (c) (d)

20. If three coins are tossed simultaneously, then the probability of getting at least
two heads, is
(a) (b) (c) (d)

21. The probability of guessing the correct answer to a certain test question is If

the probability of not guessing the correct answer to this question is , then

(a) (b) (c) (d)

22. A bag contains three green marbles, four blue marbles and two orange marbles.
If a marble is picked at random, then the probability that it is not an orange
marble is
(a) (b) (c) (d)

23. A number is selected at random from the numbers, 3, 5, 5, 7, 7, 7, 9, 9, 9, 9. Then

the probability that the selected number is their average is
(a) (b) (c) (d)

24. Which of the following cannot be the probability of an event

(a) (b) (c) (d)

25. If then
(a) (b) (c) (d)
26. The probability of a certain event
(a) (b) (c) (d)

27. The probability that a non-leap year has 53 Sundays is

(a) (b) (c) (d)

28. The probability that a non- leap year has 53 Mondays is

(a) (b) (c) (d)

29. If a two digit number is chosen at random, then the probability that the number
chosen is a multiple of 3 is
(a) (b) (c) (d) None

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13. Probability

30. A month is selected at random in a year. The probability that it is March or

October is
(a) (b) (c) (d) None

Answers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

c a d a d c b c b c

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

c a a d d b a c b c

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

c d b b d b d b c b

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