Determing The Effects of Not Having A Gadget Among The Senior High School Students by Group 4 of 11 Garnet

DETERMINING THE EFFECS OF NOT HAVING A GADGET AMONG
THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION III
Division of Pampanga
TINAJERO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL (ANNEX)
Sta. Lucia Resettlement, Magalang Pampanga
S.Y 2022 – 2023
DETERMINING THE EFFECTS OF NOT HAVING A GADGET AMONG THE

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
A Research Presented to
The Faculty of Senior High School
in Tinajero National High School-Annex
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Practical Research I
By
Grade 11-GARNET (GAS), Group 4
2022-2023
DETERMINING THE EFFECS OF NOT HAVING A GADGET AMONG THE
DETERMINING THE EFFECS OF NOT HAVING A GADGET AMONG
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to express their profound appreciation to everyone
who helped us during the research process.
First and foremost, In the name of Jesus Christ. The researchers are thankful to
Almighty God for giving endless blessings throughout the process of the research study,
by providing knowledge, guidance, motivation, strength, wisdom and granting the
capability to accomplish this study successfully.
To our Research Teacher and Research Adviser , Mrs. Maraya M. David for her
non-ending support, guidance and patience in providing us the information and support
that we need in order to conduct and finish this study. We would like to say thank you for
giving us opportunity to experience the journey of struggles, hope, joy and laughter,
while doing this paper we were able to form a strong bond and friendship with fellow co-
researchers. We will never forget the ecstatic and trembling experience brought on by the
panelist's presence.To the panelists, we sincerely appreciate your suggestions and
information for pointing out the shortcomings within this work.
To the guardians and parents of the researcher. We appreciate your efforts in
encouraging and motivating us as well as your continued support of this by funding for
our expenses. The researchers also truly appreciate the time, effort, and participation of
our responders despite their tight schedules. Last but not least, to the researchers of this
group who gave it their all and enjoyed their time with one another.
DEDICATION
A project like this is a product of team effort, and there is no way for
the researchers to adequately express our gratitude to all of the individuals who have
supported and encouraged us as we work tirelessly to complete this study. We would like
to thank everyone who helped us write the manuscript from the start until the end.
This study is dedicated to the cherished teachers, parents, friends, and family
members who have supported and encouraged us throughout this research. We were able
to finish our project thanks to their unending moral, spiritual, and emotional support.
We dedicate this research to the students of senior high school, our respondents
for their unwavering cooperation.
Our appreciation goes to Mrs. Maraya M. David our research adviser and the
panelists for their guidance in the preparation of the final document.
And most of all to the Almighty God, our greatest creator, for his direction,
wisdom, and protection as well as for giving us the strength and information needed to
finish this research study.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Approval Sheet…………………………………………………………………................ ii
Recommendation Sheet…………………………………………………………............. iii
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………….. iv
Dedication………………………………………………………………………………… v
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………ix
Chapter 1 (Introduction)
Background of the Study……………………………………………………... 1
Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………... 4
Conceptual Framework………………………………………………………. 4
Significance of the Study………………………………………………………5
Scope and Delimitation ……………………………….……………………… 6
Definition of Terms …………………………………………………………... 6
Chapter 2 (Review of Related Literature)
A. Related Literatures
1. Foreign Literature……………………………………………………. 8
2. Local Literature………………………………………………………. 10
B. Related Studies
1. Foreign Studies………………………………………………………… 12
2. Local Studies…………………………………………………………… 15
C. Synthesis of the Study……………………………………………………… 18

Chapter 3 (Methodology)
Research Design………………………………………………………………... 19
Research Respondents……………….……………………………………….... 19
Research Locale………………………………………………………………... 20
Research Instrument………………………………………………………….... 21
Treatment of the Data……………………………………………………….…. 21
Sampling Technique……………………………………………………………. 21
Data Gathering Procedure..……………………………………………………. 22
Chapter 4 (Presentation of Data)
Data Analysis…………………………………………………………………...... 23
Implication……………………………………………………………………...... 30
Chapter 5
Summary of Findings………………………………………………………... 31
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………… 33
Recommendation……………………………………………………………. 34
Reference…………………………………………………………………………….... xi
Appendices
A. Letter of Approval………………………………………………………...... xvi
B. Instrument use for Research………………………………………………..xvii
C. Validation Tool for Instrument…………………………………………… xix
D. Data Gathering………………………………………………………………xxviii
Curriculum Vitae……………………………………………………………………......... xxx
LIST OF FIGURES
Conceptual Framework………………………………………………………………. 4
Letter of Approval………………………………………………………................... xvi
Instrument use for Research……………………………………………....................xvii
Validation Tool for Instrument…………………………………………….........…. xix
Data Gathering…………………………………………………………………….…xxviii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1…………………..………………………………………………………………. 23
Table 2……………..……………………………………………………………………. 24
Table 2.1.…………..……………………………………………………………………. 24
Table 2.2…………..…………………………………………………………………….. 24
Table 2.3……………..………………………………………………………………….. 25
Table 2.4……………..………………………………………………………………….. 25
Table 2.5.…………..……………………………………………………………………. 26
Table 2.6.…………..……………………………………………………………………. 27
Table 2.7…………..…………………………………………………………………….. 27
Table 2.8……………..………………………………………………………………….. 28
Table 2.9……………..………………………………………………………………….. 28
Table 3...……………..………………………………………………………………….. 29
ABSTRACT
Title: DETERMINING THE EFFECTS OF NOT HAVING A GADGET AMONG

Authors:
Catacutan, Nicole C. .De leon, Jonas
Gozun, Janelle N. Mandani, Fred Lee
Manuel, Kyle Levhin Manguerra, Rafael
Ongcal, Nicole Ritualo, Paolo
Trinidad, Myca O.
Yangco, Clariza
Degree Conferred: Secondary High School
Name/Address of Institution: Tinajero National High School Annex
Year the Manuscript was written: 2022-2023

1
PARENTS AGREEABLE FACTORS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
RESERVE OFFICERS’ TRAINING CORPS
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Gadgets are defined by software engineers as automated computer
programs that offer services to other programs. A gadget could also be known as a widget
in their language. Yet, a gadget is typically any compact, intelligent instrument. In the
sense that a device is an piece of equipment, either mechanical or electrical, that is
employed to carry out a task, a gadget differs from a device or tool. All gadgets have
computerized, mechanical, and electrical features. All devices have computerized,
mechanical, and electrical components. The following are the common categories into
which a variety of gadgets fall. Computer gadgets are small devices used in conjunction
with computers (laptop or desktop). Typically utilized in conjunction with other
communication gadgets like network cards, smart phones, and modems. Gaming gadgets
are a category of gadgets that enhance the fun and realism of gaming. Medical gadgets
can be found at home, in medical research, hospitals, and laboratories. Some are tailored
for use in personal health.
Electronic tools that have been transformed into gadgets, aid people in
improving their productivity. Also, social media has had a significant impact on how we
live. They are an important part of the ordinary person's daily life, and we have grown so
accustomed to them that it is difficult for us to fathom carrying out our daily tasks
without them. Using technology in the classroom can help children learn, especially those
with special needs. In many contexts, including high school, college, and global
education, electronic devices are utilized. They are able to categorize various learning
resources and recognize their own learning.Technology has become congenitally tied to
our daily lives. The importance of electronics lies in this. Because there are several clear
advantages to using technological gadgets.
In relation to this study, the report's results of the research on how electronic
gadgets affect senior high school student’s academic performance show that SHS
student's usage of electronic devices has a very positive impact on their academic
achievement. They were also quite proficient in using these devices, and they had
excellent study habits. There were no appreciable variations in the effects of gadgets on
SHS student’s academic achievement, proficiency with using gadgets, or study habits.
However, there is also a study about the benefits of not having a gadget, based on
the study of The Benefits of Unplugging from Technology by Optimum. You can find
enjoyment in disconnecting from technology, and you can have the opportunity to
recharge more often. It was also scientifically proven that there are benefits to taking a
break from technology, which can be taken advantage of at any time. There is no specific
time, but the most important thing is having the discipline to know when and how to
disconnect.
The main motivation for researchers performing this study is to ascertain the
effects of not having a gadget among senior high school pupils in order to have a lot
better comprehension of this subject.

Statement of the Problem
The general objective of this study is to determine the effects of not having a
gadget among the senior high school students at Tinajero National High-Annex of the
school year 2022-2023. It will seek to answer the following questions:
1. What are the reasons of the senior high school students of not having a gadget?
2. What are the effects of not having a gadget for the senior high school students?
3. How does the senior high school students deal with their academic activities
without having a gadget?
?Conceptual Framework
The figure below shows a visual representation of how the variables in the study
related to one another. The researchers aim to determine the agreeable of parents of grade
10 junior high school students in Tinajero National High School Annex for the proposed
implementation of ROTC in terms of the parents’ agreeability as well as the agreeable
factors and the implications of the study to the school management.
PROCESS
INPUT OUTCOME
•Planning and data collection
•Profile of respondents from respondents.
•Agreeability of •Administering AGREEMENT,

respondents in the questionnaires.
implementation of ROTC FACTORS AND
•Organization of responses.
IMPLICATION
•Agreeable Factors in the
implementation of ROTC •Tallying and analyzing the
data.
Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study
Significance of the Study
This study was undertaken to determine the effects of not having a gadget among
the senior high school students. The research study could benefit the following;
The School Administrators, School administrators are the one responsible in
managing the school organization, they oversee, implements and assess for the school
institution to run smoothly. The study will provide insights about the effects of not
having a gadget among the senior high school students.
Teachers,Teachers can gain information about the effects of not having a gadget
with the use of this study. By acquiring knowledge about the effects of not having a
gadget , the researchers hope that they can gain information about the benefits of not
having or having a gadget.
Parents, This will benefit them as the researchers share information about the
effects of not having a gadget and how many parents will agree at the proposed program
or in other way around. It will also help them to have a better understanding about the
the effects of not having a gadget .
Students, Students will be aware of the positive and the negative effects of the
effects of not having a gadget and gain more knowledge for the effects of not having a
gadget itself.
Future Researchers,
The information presented in the research study, especially, the findings, can be a
reliable and accurate data for new researchers conducting a study with the same related
matter.
Scope and Delimitation
This study covered the the effects of not having a gadget for senior high school
student. The primary participants of this study were the senior high school students 2022-
2023 at Tinajero National High School Annex in Sta. Lucia Resettlement Magalang,
Pampanga. Each respondent was given a survey questionnaire to answer.
Definition of Terms
For better understanding of the study, the following terms are defined as:
Determining - To find out about by investigate, reasoning or calculate.
Effects- A result or consequence of a particular cause or action.
Having - The state of possessing, owning or holding something.
School - any institution at which instruction is given in a particular discipline.
Students - A person who is studying at a school or college

Not - Used as a function word to make negative a group of words or a word. used
as a function word to stand for the negative of a preceding group of words.
Senior High School - Is a secondary school that students attend in the three or
four highest grades before college.
Gadgets- A small mechanical or electronic device or tool, especially an ingenious
or novel one.
Mechanical- Working or produced by machines or machinery.
Electronic - The branch of science that deals with the study of flow and control
of electrons (electricity) and the study of their behavior and effects in vacuums, gases,
and semiconductors, and with devices using such electrons.
Device - A thing made or adapted for a particular purpose, especially a piece of
mechanical or electronic equipment.
Tool - A hand held device that aids in accomplishing a task.
Ingenious - Originally devised and well suited to its purpose.

Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the relevant literature and studies both local and foreign,
that the researchers have perused to shed light or provide insights on the topic under
study.
A. Related Literatures
1. Foreign Literatures
Neutral countries presumed no safety from attacks and invasions, possibly, it can
only occur in theories but not in reality (Yambao, 2022). Safety is a concern of all people
and states, and perhaps, it can only be achieved through public assistance (Mendoza &
Pardo, 2018). Some countries such as Israel, Switzerland, Taiwan, South Korea has an
effectsive and efficient mandatory ROTC program. Know that these countries have
military threats in their land borders (Magallona, 2017). In Switzerland, its entire male
population have their ROTC military training upon reaching maturity, it keeps all of their
population and even infrastructures ready for sudden foreign attacks or invasions
(Yambao, 2022). ROTC cadets experience more complex socialization because
rather than isolation, they must interact with multiple higher level of education specially
in military training programs and due to this, the trainees will be able to recognize their
responsibilities, obligations and being professional when obeying orders. On the other
hand, cadet enrollees in this generation might experience some context that past cadets
have not experience due to the present international disputes and innovations of
technologies used by the military training programs (Estevez, 2019)
Meanwhile, in South Korea, the applications for ROTC have a rate of 60%, it is
decreasing every year, it is said that the reason behind this is because of recruitment
difficulties, difficulty in obtaining manpower due to the shortening of the military service
period, insufficient financial compensations, challenges in training the cadets (Kim & Sa,
2022). Based on a book written by Lyons and Masland (2016) named ‘Education and
Military Leadership’, same thing has happened in United States wherein the training
development have face serious problems due to ROTC officials are consistently leaving,
decreasing of ROTC enrollees, and not enough training techniques. Lyons and Masland,
(2016), stated that the recent problems in ROTC is the lack of ability to respond quickly
for needed requirements for the security of the country that is why the program ROTC
was made to prepare the citizens to be an army in case there is a sudden emergency.
Additionally, in America, it is written that some students are eager or are in favor
of their ROTC but some parents are doubtful, they are worried for their children in
joining the program, yet some parents are driven and supports their child in taking part in
the ROTC training (Kim, 2022).
Based on the journal of Cistulli and Synder (2018), parents who have military
experience may have already know what decision to give to their children whether they
agree or disagree in letting them join the military, on the other hand other parents who are
still foreign to what military will bring, may result to negative attitude towards their
decision.
2. Local Literatures
To maintain a standing large size army, the Philippines which is a developing
country, needs to balance its peace and security for the sake of the country’s subsistence,
youth’s education and its citizen’s safety from health diseases. In result, ROTC is a
formulated system to expand the armed forces that will defend the country for foreign
attacks and invasions (Yambao, 2022). Nevertheless, based on CuUnjieng (2022), the
Philippine ROTC might become a waste of time and money as the participants may not
be trained with actual weapons, real wars, and it is just basic marching around, and
perhaps the program might not be able to achieve its goal which is military preparedness,
and patriotism.
Due to hazing issues, the government discontinued ROTC in the
Philippine in 2001 for the sake of other students (Gapuz, 2022). Based on Yambao
(2022), the incident could have happened without ROTC and its curricular activities
getting involved. It is also due to hazing issues, abolition bill for ROTC was pushed in
Congress in 2014, this is because of the victims revealed to the media the hazing incident
that happened to them, on the other hand, schools such as PUP and UST have done
certain activities like protest to make ROTC discontinued or to be not mandatory
anymore as this incident recalls people the death of Mark Chua who exposed the
anomalies and irregularities of the ROTC program in 2001 (Ridon 2014). It is also just
recently when an official (Captain Kim Apitong) of the Philippine Army reminded the
officers in ROTC to abolished hazing and focus on the training of the students about
discipline and patriotism, the official clearly stated that “Hazing should not be part of the
training” (Oabe, 2022).
Moreover, based on UP Vanguards, a group of retired cadets, who are also well –
informed about ROTC, said that the program will improve students’ abilities and skills
especially in emergency purposes or security responses (Nano, 2017). Yet, other UP
vanguards wish that ROTC should be mandatory in college and does not support ROTC
to be a requirement for grade 11 and 12 as it will be a challenge if minors would be a part
of reserve component (Cepeda, 2018). Some parents have also supported the plan of
Former President Duterte since the program might be good for their child/children yet
they wanted an assurance that the school management will implement the program
correctly (Nano, 2017).
As ROTC was proposed to be implemented in senior high
school, France Castro, a Filipino educator and UP vanguards raised their worriedness for
this as there were several reports about ROTC being used for corruption in 2001, making
the mandatory ROTC change into an optional program for college under NSTP law
program (Cepeda, 2018). On the other hand, Arsenio Andolong (DND spokesperson)
cleared that ROTC for senior high school is not violating any international law, as DOJ,
DND, DepEd and DFA has secure that the proposal does not break or contradict any
Philippine constitutions, he was giving feedback and proper information for those who
opposed the proposed bill and misleading people to have a negative opinion and false
assumptions (Nepomuceno, 2014). Meanwhile, based on Bacelonia (2022) written
article, Senator Sherwin Gatchalian ordered Pulse Asia to conduct a survey and the result
were 69% of Filipinos agreed to proposed ROTC program for grade 11 and 12. He also
said that, 71% of the respondents came from National Capital Region. 78% in Visayas,
67% in Balance Luzon and 64% in Mindanao supports the implementation.
Yet, there are cases where some parents,
students or even teachers do not want the mandatory ROTC to be implemented. They
even have created a website to block a bill or object for making ROTC include senior
high school in its coverage. They also concluded that the subject might give burden to
students that is why it should no longer be implemented again (Casas, 2020).
B. Related Studies
1. Foreign Studies
Based on the study of Moore and Swick in 2018, ROTC started when the 3 rd US
president noticed the need to obligate people to be a soldier and military training to be
part in education systems. It is also written that the need for more cadet enrollees paved
the way of ROTC giving scholarships and allowing women to join or attend the program,
after that 29% women participated the training, and for students, the provided ROTC
scholarship gave opportunities for those who does not have an opportunity or chance to
attend college. Today, US ROTC stay as a well and strong training program, for about
275 universities have an ROTC program in them. But eventually, at some schools, ROTC
is not a significant aspect of college, it is unnoticed and faculty facilities lack familiarity
with military among students.
Americans of all political persuasions favored using local army to combat
the issue on how to protect the country. Americans could dodge the threats by localizing
national defense and depending on the civil rights inherent in a standing army. The duties
required by a national military can be carried out by individual state militias. To make the
reserves' officer corps more qualified and the NDA also demanded the establishment of a
Reserve Officers' Training Corps to military training programs to be offered in schools
and many major (Gallaza, 2019). On the other hand, based on the study of Campbell
(2017), the US Army has experienced several challenges, including suicide rates within
the ranks, sexual harassment and assault issues, budget constraints, and suspending or
dismissing trainees in ROTC.
On the other hand, Mahoney (2012) study aims to find the ‘Female ROTC cadets
Perception of Gender and Military Leadership’, his study stated that much of the
literature on female military leadership has a common theme: finding a balance between
femininity and masculinity, the military, specifically ROTC military academies, have
struggled to accept women. Women did not achieve "professional military status" until
1948. and this study wrote that female cadets at a Senior Military College manage their
gender by coming across as more manly than feminine when wearing uniform. Despite
feeling that they were working twice as hard as their male peers, female cadets'
achievements and leadership were consistently highlighted by their gender.
While on the study of Stefanovics, Potenza, and Pietrzak (2020), military training
can cause PTSD, and health burden such as obesity, the findings of the research shows
that 16.4 percent are diagnose with PTSD and 32.7 percent for obesity. Veterans who
have experience PTSD and obesity will likely has a higher risk of suicidal ideation,
mental health treatment, migraine headaches, hypertension and insomnia. They also
experience having burden, both mental and physical that elevates the risk of doing
suicide. Likewise, the study of DuVivier et al in 2020, the
researchers indicated that through the years sexual assault has been increasing
particularly for women, which is why their study examined the effectsiveness of a
martial arts ju-jitsu self-defense in military, and it found out that the training is effectsive,
further results revealed that female cadets gain more from this self-defense training since
men has a score of 121 in pre training test, it was equivalent to the post training test score
of women.
On the research study of Mohamed (2018), entitled ‘Training or Education for
Future Officers at Tertiary Level’, military training may prepare students for nation
security but this has created problem between balancing academic requirement and
military training, the findings of the study suggested that the two specifically education
and military training program conflicts each other and has cause discourses about the use
of higher education in the development of military officers. And on the study of
Ogbamariam and Teklemariam (2016), their study suggest that military training and
studies of students should be performed in different or separate location as the study
findings shows that combining the two in one place can result of negative outcome.
A 2021 research study of Lisner and Maury (2021) entitled ‘The Impacts and
Opportunities of Military Life for Military Children’, the authors stated that through
military training, children can increase their independence, adaptability, resilience,
personal growth and increased pride.

On the study of Börjesson in 2020, entitled ‘The psychology of risk and safety in
the military: A balancing act’, the findings showed that there were differenced in the
rating results regarding the safety measurement in being a leader in military training,
there were decreases in the second and third measurement regarding the said issue, the
researcher explained that this might because safety is adapted in basic training but safety
is difficult to accomplish in field trainings.
Bozeman (2015) said that military training experiences can also cause
development if military skills such as leadership, citizenship, and more life skills during
the training program.
Based on the study of Goldman et al, (2017), in America, Junior Reserve
Officer’s Training Corps (JROTC) was implemented in 1916, there were about 45, 000
students who joined the program. Parents in neighborhoods with positive feedback in
JROTC would likely let their child/children join or enlist in the training program. But
community support is also needed as it plays an important role in the success of the
curricular.
On the study of Lim et al (2021), entitled ‘Emirate Parents attitude toward
Military and National Service in the Arab Emirates’ their findings revealed that more
parents show support on their children’s military career since their enlistment can have
good benefit for themselves such as better patriotism to their country, and better
development of their personal traits.
2. Local Studies
In the study of Garingan (2021), as globalization improve and change, it is
challenging to encourage youth and make them have courage to train and work from
variety of cultural groups projects within the community, and must have much deeper
understanding on what role they have to accomplished to help with the changes
happening in their community. Which is why, the implementation of National Service
Training Program (NSTP) plays a big role in preparing students to serve and protect the
country and also train them to be an aspiring leader of a community, the program has
three components in total and Reserve Officer’s Training Corps (ROTC) is one of these,
ROTC is a program that is made for tertiary level schools, providing military training for
students. But based on the results, it was identified that participants of NSTP encountered
serious problems in the program.
From the quantitative research of Panuelos et al. (2019), entitled “The Perception
in Implementation of Mandatory ROTC for Senior High School Students”, his study
respondents came from Makati High School Main and Annex, it is written there that the
youth needs to train several rudiments of basic military activities to be able to protect the
country. He also added that former president Duterte stated that ROTC is needed for
youth would be able to protect their country that is why president Duterte approved a law
in resurrecting ROTC in February 2017. Before NSTP was implemented, ROTC was
taking all over colleges in Philippines but because the program was reported as a place
for abuse and corruption, it was abolished. The researchers also mentioned the 1987
constitution of the Republic of the Philippines Article 8, it is stated in this constitution
that the country identifies the younger generation have a critical role in the promotion,
protection, and development of the country. It is also written in the research that, students
with ROTC experience differ to those who have not participate. Panuelos et al. (2019)
also added some researches about leadership, where the researches stated that through
ROTC, the knowledge and understanding of students in their leadership’s skills will be
improve and it will enhance their personal growth.
Likewise, in the study of Tulao (2019), he’s study is about determining the
perception of criminology students from Bulacan State University to ROTC. In
neighboring countries, ROTC is served for 2 years while in the Philippines the program
under NSTP is a 1-year training program. The results were, only the classrooms, facilities
for training were found effectsive in their performance, while other factors such as
management, organization, instruction or directions, and materials for training is does not
significantly foresee the performance of the ROTC cadets. Additionally, even if on the
Standard Operating Procedure of the Philippine Army stated that in ROTC, male students
are the one who will be taking a baccalaureate degree but in the results of his study, the
difference between male and female in taking the degree is nearly balance. Another study
regarding gender in awareness in ROTC is made by Tullao (2020), wherein the
researcher wants to determine the level if gender awareness of ROTC cadets in Bulacan
State University. The results of the researcher’s study are more female joined the ROTC
with a result of 199 while male has 137 enrollees, although the role and place of women
have been in several debates and discussion specifically in terms of military readiness,
based on the research Tulao found (Orillo, 2000), women are 4 time will likely be
excused in military duties due to monthly periods or pregnancy.

Meanwhile, Pasion (2015) conducted a study at Taguig City University. The protection of
the state is the responsibility of each citizen, ROTC is an expansion of Armed forces of the
Philippine in incidents or situations like wars. He added a research from Lutz and Barlett, their
research evaluated the claims by the officials of ROTC, the result was, Department of Defense
does not perform proper investigation or researches to prove their claims about ROTC military
program effectsiveness and efficiency such as preventing dropouts, and at risk students, they also
explained that DOD or any military branches does not gather data for dropout rates and it is clear
that ROTC can decline students with bad behaviors and low academic achievements. Pasion
(2015) also added information about ROTC in South Korea and Taiwan. The Reserve Officers'
Training Corps is a college-based officer program in South Korea, a training course that was
started in 1961 while The ROTC program in the United States is the model for Taiwan's ROTC in
the 1960s.
C. Synthesis of the Study
The collection of literature and studies above, both foreign and local shows that it is
evident that there is a need to determine the agreeable factors in the implementation of Reserve
Officers Training Corps for senior high school such as the how will they describe their level of
agreeability and the agreeable factors of the implementation. In, addition to that, most literatures
and studies focus more on students’ perspectives and ROTC implementation in college or
universities, less is known on the parents’ perceptions or point of view on the military training
program and the implementation of ROTC for senior high school students.
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter described and discussed how the researchers gathered the necessary
information that to be used on the study. This chapter covers the research design, research
subjects and participants, locale of the study, research instrument, treatment of the data
and sampling technique that will be used by the researchers.
Research Design
The study is a Descriptive Quantitative Research, the methods used in descriptive
research outline the features of the variables being examined. With this methodology, the
emphasis is more on providing answers to "what" questions than "why" questions about
the study topic. The main goal of this research is to simply report the characteristics of
the demographic understudy. This will be applied in this study in terms of defining the
respondent’s characteristics such as their opinion about the phenomenon.
Research Respondents
This study is about the parents’ agreeable factors in the implementation of ROTC
in senior high school, therefore the subjects are the parents or guardian of grade 10 junior
high school students in Tinajero National High School Annex. They have been chosen as
the research respondemts since if the proposed ROTC is implemented in senior high
school before the school year 2022-2023 is finished, students from grade 10 in this school
year would be the first participants of the ROTC which is why there is a need to
determine the agreeable factors in the implementation of ROTC.
Research Locale
This study was conducted at Tinajero National High School Annex known as
TNHS-A, located at Barangay Sta. Lucia Resettlement Magalang, Pampanga. The chosen
location is convenient since the researchers also study at the said school, and it is the
nearest or closes location for the researcher’s residence.
Research Instrument
The researchers made and prepared a self-made survey questionnaire in a printed
copy. There will be three parts in total wherein, the first part will be about the
demographic profile of the respondents, then, there would be a table for the second part
where the participant will put a check on the space provided on the table on how much
they agree in the implementation of ROTC, lastly, for part three, the researchers provided
factors for the implementation of ROTC, but there will also be one open-ended questions
for the own factor or opinion of the participant. The instrument was validated by
experts/panelists of the researchers.
Treatment of the Data
The researchers used Descriptive Statistics. Descriptive Statistic as the name
indicate, describe data. It is a method for gathering, organizing, revealing, and analyzing
population samples. Descriptive statistics can enable researchers to offer data in a more
relevant manner and facilitate its interpretation (Stephen, 2021). To analyze, describe and
interpret the results of this study, the researchers used mode frequency counts to
determine the parents’ agreeable factors in the implementation of ROTC.
Formula: Where:
F P= Percentage
P= X 100 F= Frequency
N N= Total number of respondents
Sampling Technique
The researchers utilized convenience sampling in grade 10 junior high in TNHS-
A, it is a type of non-probability sampling technique in which it states that the researchers

will gather data from a unit for inclusion because it is the easiest way for the researcher to
access.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers prepared a letter of approval to the principal to conduct the data
collection. The instrument of the study was validated by experts/panelist of the
researchers. The researchers conducted the collection of data in Tinajero National High
School Annex through self-made paper-pencil survey. The researchers then explained to
the respondents the importance of their response to the study. The researcher also defines
some phrases for the respondents so that they can complete the questionnaire fully aware
of their role as the study's subject. The respondents were asked to answer with complete
honesty by the researcher. After the respondents answered the questionnaire, the
researcher collected and tallied the data for interpretation.

Chapter 4
PRESENTATION OF DATA
This chapter includes the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data which
were drawn from 119 parents and 23 guardians from grade 10 junior high school in
Tinajero National Highschool-Annex, with this, there are a total of 142 respondents.
Data Analysis
The researchers have used mode frequency count to be able to calculate the
provided data from the respondents. After thorough analyzing and interpreting of data,
the researchers have come up with the following results.
Table 1: Description of parent’s agreeability in the implementation of ROTC
Frequency Percentage
A. Strongly Agree (SA) 21 (14.8) 15%
B. Agree (A) 51 (35.9) 36%
C. Disagree (D) 24 (16. 9) 17%
D. Strongly Disagree (SD) 46 (32.4) 32 %
Total: 142 100 %

Table 1 shows that 21 of respondents answered strongly agree (SA) with a
percentage of 15, 51 respondents answered agree (A) with a percent of 36, while 24
participants answered disagree (D) with 16 percent and lastly, there are 46 participants
who answered strongly disagree (SD) with a percent of 32. The results displayed that
option B or Agree (A) has the highest frequency (51) and percentage (36), which means
that more parents or guardian agrees in the implementation of ROTC in senior high
school rather than those who disagree, this supports the findings of the study of Lim et al
in (2021), which stated that more parents support their children or agree with the
enlistment of their children for military training as they can acquire good benefits in it.
Table 2: The following tables are the positive and negative factors that may
influence the agreeability of the respondents in the implementation of ROTC.
A. The Positive Factors
Table 2.1: First Positive Factor
Factor Frequency Percentage

1. By implementing the ROTC in senior high school, it Yes 100 (70) 70.4%
will make the student(s) become more active in serving No 13 (9) 9.2%
and develop their patriotism in the country. N/A 29 (20) 20.4%
Total: 142 100 %
Table 2.1 shows that 100 respondents said yes to the first factor which is by
implementing ROTC, it will make the student become more active in serving and develop
their patriotism in the country, while 13 said no and 29 has no answers because of lack of
time, have work to attend, and since it was too crowded, they were rushing to leave. 100
respondents said yes, this result is the same with what Bozeman said in his research in
2015, which he stated that trough military training, and experiences in the program, it can
increase the citizenship of the student or people.
Table 2.2: Second Positive Factor

2. ROTC will be a way for enhancing the Yes 85 (60) 59.9%
development of military skills of the student(s). No 16 (11) 11.3%
N/A 41 (29) 28.8%
Total: 142 100 %
Table 2.2 shows that more agrees that ROTC will be a way for enhancing the
development of military skills of the student since 85 respondents said yes, while
only 16 respondents answered no and 21 has no answer because of lack of time, have
work to attend, and since it was too crowded, they were rushing to leave . 85 respondents
said yes, this supports the study of Garingan in 2021, which he indicates that even
when students or youth are hard to encourage to train and work, yet through
proper training, the youth would be able to serve and protect the country and would
also be trained to be an aspiring leader of a community.
Table 2.3: Third Positive Factor

3. By training in ROTC, female can use the Yes 82 (58) 57.7%
skills learned for self-defense. No 13 (9) 9.2%
N/A 47 (33) 33.1%
Total: 142 100 %
This table (Table 2.3) presented that in the third factor which is by training in
ROTC, female can use the skills learned for self-defense, the respondents who answered
yes are 82, while 13 for no, and 47 has no answer because of lack of time, have work to
attend, and since it was too crowded, they were rushing to leave. The respondents who
answered yes are 82, this supports the study of DuVivier et al in 2020, since this research
stated that self-defense training in military is effectsive especially for women than man.
The positive effectss of the training that may develop the skills of female are self-
efficacy, self-determination, and vigilance.
Table 2.4: Fourth Positive Factor

4. Because of ROTC students can learn discipline and Yes 82 (58) 57.7%
have a good leadership skill. No 13 (9) 9.2%
N/A 47 (33) 33.1%
Total: 142 100 %
This table (Table 2.4) indicated that there are 82 respondents who answered yes,
13 for no and 47 has no answer because of lack of time, have work to attend, and since it
was too crowded, they were rushing to leave, this is the result of the fourth factor which
is because of ROTC students can learn discipline and have a good leadership skill.
Since the result indicated that more parent or guardian thinks that their child will
learn discipline and acquire leadership skills, this supports the research of
Panuelos et al. in 2019, the researchers stated that through ROTC, personal growth
will be enhanced, the leadership skill of the student will be developed as they have
a better understanding and knowledge of their role in the community.
Table 2.5: Fifth Positive Factor

5. Because of ROTC, students can experience new Yes 81 57%
opportunities or activities, they can also enhance No 14 (10) 9.9%
their self-confidence. N/A 47 (33) 33.1%
Total: 142 100 %
In table 2.5 it revealed that 81 said yes in the factor: because of ROTC,
students can experience new opportunities or activities, they can also enhance their
self-confidence, while 14 said no and 47 has no answer because of lack of time, have
work to attend, and since it was too crowded, they were rushing to leave . 81 said yes,
this supports the study of Lisner and Maury (2021) entitled ‘The Impacts and
Opportunities of Military Life for Military Children’, since the researchers mentioned
that military training can help children have the opportunity to increase their
independence, adaptability, resilience, personal growth and increased pride.
B. The Negative Factors
Table 2.6: First Negative Factor

6. The student(s) might not be able to handle the Yes 65 (46) 45.8%
activities in the ROTC training program. No 36 (25) 25.4%
N/A 41 (29) 28.8%
Total: 142 100 %
In the table above (Table 2.6) it is seen that 65 respondents answered yes, 36
answered no and 41 has no answer because of lack of time, have work to attend, and
since it was too crowded, they were rushing to leave. This result supports the study of
Ogbamariam and Teklemariam (2016), as they study said that military training can result
to negative outcome, if the students are overwork if academic works and trainings are
located in the same place.
Table 2.7: Second Negative Factor

7. ROTC can cause more responsibilities to the Yes 70 (49) 49.3%
students especially in balancing the academic No 28 (20) 19.7%
works and training duties. N/A 44 31%
Total: 142 100 %
In table 2.7, it indicates that in the factor "ROTC can course more responsibilities
to students especially in balancing academic works and training, the results were 70
respondents said yes, only 28 said no, and 44 has no answer because of lack of time, have
work to attend, and since it was too crowded, they were rushing to leave. Since the
outcome said that a lot of parents agrees that ROTC can cause more responsibility
especially in balancing academic activities and training duties, this supports the study of
Mohamed in 2018, entitled ‘Training or Education for Future Officers at Tertiary Level’,
the researcher indicated that even if students will be able to be trained in case of national
emergencies, this can create problem in terms of balancing academic requirement and
military training.
Table 2.8: Third Negative Factor

8. The ROTC program might become a burden, Yes 56 (39) 39.4%
stress and cause PTSD for student(s). No 43 (30) 30.3%
N/A 43 (30) 30.3%
Total: 142 100 %
In the factor seen above in table 2.8, 56 respondents answered yes while there are
43 who answered no the same with the respondents who has no answer which is also 43
because of lack of time, have work to attend, and since it was too crowded, they were
rushing to leave. This represents that the findings of the study of Stefanovics, Potenza,
and Pietrzak (2020), which stated that military training can cause PTSD, will likely has a
higher risk of suicidal ideation, mental health treatment, migraine headaches,
hypertension and insomnia. They might also experience having burden, both mental and
physical that elevates the risk of doing suicide.
Table 2.9: Fourth Negative Factor

Yes 58 (41) 40.8%
9. Because of ROTC the parent/guardian is No 37 (26) 26.1%

worried for the safety and health of the student. N/A47 (33) 33.1%
Total: 142 100 %
Table 2.9 revealed that 58 respondents said yes that parents or guardians is
worried for the safety and health of the student or their child/children while 37 said no,
and 47 has no answer because of lack of time, have work to attend, and since it was too
crowded, they were rushing to leave. This supports the study of Börjesson in 2020,
entitled ‘The psychology of risk and safety in the military: A balancing act’, which stated
that there can be differences in the safety in basic training and field training, there is more
difficulty in training in the field than doing duties in the basic training.
Table 3: Fifth Negative Factors

10. Because of ROTC female student might Yes 55 (39) 38.7%
experience discrimination or hardships. No 44 31%
N/A 43 (30) 30.3%
Total: 142 100 %
Table 3 presents the last factor which is because of ROTC, female students might
experience discrimination or hardship, the respondents who answered yes are 55, while
44 responded with no, and 43 has no answer because of lack of time, have work to attend,
and since it was too crowded, they were rushing to leave. This result supports the study of
Mahoney in 2012, the study of him mentioned that even when female is working twice as
hard as men do, they are still constantly discriminated because of their gender.
C. The other factors that was specified by the respondents, 2 respondents answered
the open-ended question.

The 2 respondents who answered in the open-ended question which is if they still
have any other factor to share, they can specify it by writing in the blank. The first
respondent said that, “It still depends on the unit or leader in the group, I experienced
ROTC and favorites are observed. They sit around while others work and train”, this was
mentioned in the study of Panuelos et al. in 2015, the researchers mentioned that before
NSTP was implemented, ROTC was taking all over universities but since abused and
corruptions happened, it was discontinued. This can also be applied in the opinion of the
second respondent which stated that “We don’t want ROTC to be implemented in schools
for it might be a tool for the government to use the students for their personal agenda”.
3. The implication of the study to the school management.
Implications
One of the biggest challenges of the school once the ROTC is implemented is to
meet the expectation of parents and students that they are safe while training. The
assurance to prevent the negative factors and improve the training ground more should be
foreseen before ROTC is implemented.
The school may appoint the appropriate veteran who has experience about
military training or some military personnel since they are the one who has the ability and
knowledge to teach and train us because they’ve been there, before they become a
professional military as they know how to properly discipline and train the students.
ROTC is an educational method that trains the physical and mental abilities of
individuals. Therefore, monitoring students on their intervening academic performance

and ROTC duties must be balanced. It attains the safety of students' mental and physical
stability.
The school may also validate a proper rest day for the students to be able to keep
themselves stay focus on their priorities, duties and have no pressure while being a
student and as a cadet at the same time. Through this, the school and the ROTC training
itself will be able to provide a safe training ground for the students
31
PARENTS AGREEABLE FACTORS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF
RESEERVE OFFICERS’ TRAINING CORPS
Chapter 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter wrap ups the overall results of the analyzed quantitative data which
underwent series of investigation and interpretation, thus resulting in conclusion on the
answer in response to general and specific problems and providing recommendation
based on the salient findings of the study.
Summary of Findings
1. The study found out the agreeability of parents/guardian and their agreeable
factors in the implementation of ROTC. 21 of respondents answered strongly
agree (SA) with a percentage of 15, 51 respondents answered agree (A) with a
percent of 36, while 24 participants answered disagree (D) with 16 percent and
lastly, there are 46 participants who answered strongly disagree (SD) with a
percent of 32. As you can observed, majority of the respondents answered agree,
therefore more parents have agreed to implement the ROTC in senior high school
rather than those who disagree.
2. The five positive factors showed that more parents/guardian think that ROTC can
bring good benefits to their children as eighty to one hundred parents answered
yes to the factors such as in the implementation of ROTC, students can become
more active in the country, it will also be a way for enhancing their military skills,
female can use the skills learned for self-defense, students can learn discipline
good leadership skills, and lastly students can experience new opportunities or
they can also enhance their self-confidence. On the other hand, despite the
parents/guardian thinking that ROTC can bring benefits to their child, still, in the
five negative factors, more parent/guardian also believed that these negative
factors may happen when ROTC is implemented such as, the students might not
be able to handle the activities in the training, it can cause more responsibilities to
the students, the program might become a burden, stress and cause PTSD for
student, the parent/guardian are also worried for the safety and health of the
student, and female student might experience discrimination or hardships. In
addition to that, the respondents (specifically 2 respondents) added in the open-
ended question that ROTC depends on the leaders or officials of the group as they
have experienced that favoritism occurred in the program in the past and lastly,
the other respondents didn’t agree for ROTC to be implemented as the
government may use the students for their personal agenda.
3. The implication of the study to the school management is to prevent the negative
factors and improve the training ground more should be foreseen before ROTC is
implemented such as appoint an appropriate veteran to lead, monitor the students
on their intervening academic performance and ROTC duties must be balanced to
attain the safety of the mental and physical health of the students and the school
may also create a proper rest day for the students to be able to keep themselves
stay focus.
Conclusion
Base on the indicated findings, the researchers concluded that more
parents/guardian agreed to implement the ROTC in senior high school, the parents also
showed through their response that they believed that all the positive and negative factors
may happen after the ROTC is implemented as they all also agreed in the factors. The
agreeability and agreeable factors of grade 10 parents/guardian in the implementation of
ROTC in Tinajero National High School-Annex are as follows:
1. The parents describe their agreeability in the implementation of ROTC with the
used of likert scale: (1) Strongly Agree, (2) Agree, (3) Strongly Disagree, and (4)
Disagree. Majority of the respondents had an answer of agree in the description
of their agreeability for the implementation of ROTC. Although, most of the
respondents agreed, the researchers observe that the number of people who agreed
is not far from those who disagreed.
2. The factors that may influence the agreeability of parents in the implementation of
ROTC, both positive and negative are (1)

by implementing the ROTC in senior
high school, it will make the student(s) become more active in serving and
developing their patriotism in the country, (2)

ROTC will be a way for
enhancing the development of military skills of the students, (3)

by training in
ROTC, female can use the skills learned for self-defense, (4)
because of ROTC
students can learn discipline and have a good leadership skill, (5)
because of
ROTC, students can experience new opportunities or activities, they can also
enhance their self-confidence, while the negative factors are (1)

the students
might not be able to handle the activities in the ROTC training program, (2)
ROTC can cause more responsibilities to the students especially in balancing
the academic works and training duties, (3) the ROTC program might become
a burden, stress and cause PTSD for students, (4)

because of ROTC the
parent/guardian is worried for the safety and health of the students, (5)
because of ROTC female student might experience discrimination or
hardships. All the factors were agreed to by the parents/guardians. Lastly 2
respondents stated in the open-ended question that first, ROTC training depends
on the leader training the students since unequal treatment happens and second,
the students may become a tool for the government to use for their personal
agendas.
3. The implication of the study to the school management includes preventing
harmful factors and enhancing the positive factors for the training environment
before ROTC is implemented.
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusion presented, the researchers suggested
several recommendations.
1. These days’ Filipino students must learn to defend themselves mostly female
students, therefore the researchers recommend to implement the ROTC for senior
high school in the community as it is agreeable mostly from the parents and
guardians.
2. The researchers suggest that ROTC be implemented for senior high schools so
that they can be help us once we need some people to protect our country in case
a war, invasion or sudden foreign attack from other country will occur.
3. The researchers recommend that the training ground for female and male should
be in separate places to prevent discrimination, sexual abuse and inequality to
occur during activities.
4. Do or create a proper and appropriate training schedule for students to be able to
handle the training and academic works at the same time, it will also lessen the
pressure and it will be possible for them to balance their duties and keep a good
health.
5. The government or DepEd should assure the parent/guardian of students that the
training ground would be safe and the leaders or officers that will train the students
should be pick out appropriately as they should not abuse but should have fairness in
their actions such as to put the same rules and punishment for both male and female
and for poor or rich. The DepEd or government can prevent this by making law in
regard of this issue wherein both the student and their families can be protected.
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xv
APPENDICES
xvi
APPENDIX A
Letter of Approval
xvii
APPENDIX B
Instrument Used for Research
xviii
APPENDIX C
Validation Tools for Instrument
xix
xx
xxi
xxii
xxiii
xxiv
xxv
xxvi
APPENDIX D
Data Gathering
xxvii

Determing The Effects of Not Having A Gadget Among The Senior High School Students by Group 4 of 11 Garnet

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DETERMINING THE EFFECS OF NOT HAVING A GADGET AMONG

THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Republic of the Philippines

DETERMINING THE EFFECTS OF NOT HAVING A GADGET AMONG THE

The Faculty of Senior High School

in Tinajero National High School-Annex

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for Practical Research I

Grade 11-GARNET (GAS), Group 4

The researchers would like to express their profound appreciation to everyone

who helped us during the research process.

by providing knowledge, guidance, motivation, strength, wisdom and granting the

capability to accomplish this study successfully.

panelist's presence.To the panelists, we sincerely appreciate your suggestions and

information for pointing out the shortcomings within this work.

To the guardians and parents of the researcher. We appreciate your efforts in

for their unwavering cooperation.

panelists for their guidance in the preparation of the final document.

finish this research study.

Recommendation Sheet…………………………………………………………............. iii

Background of the Study……………………………………………………... 1

Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………... 4

Significance of the Study………………………………………………………5

Scope and Delimitation ……………………………….……………………… 6

Definition of Terms …………………………………………………………... 6

Chapter 2 (Review of Related Literature)

C. Synthesis of the Study……………………………………………………… 18

Treatment of the Data……………………………………………………….…. 21

Data Gathering Procedure..……………………………………………………. 22

Chapter 4 (Presentation of Data)

A. Letter of Approval………………………………………………………...... xvi

B. Instrument use for Research………………………………………………..xvii

C. Validation Tool for Instrument…………………………………………… xix

Curriculum Vitae……………………………………………………………………......... xxx

Letter of Approval………………………………………………………................... xvi

Instrument use for Research……………………………………………....................xvii

Validation Tool for Instrument…………………………………………….........…. xix

Title: DETERMINING THE EFFECTS OF NOT HAVING A GADGET AMONG

Catacutan, Nicole C. .De leon, Jonas

Gozun, Janelle N. Mandani, Fred Lee

Manuel, Kyle Levhin Manguerra, Rafael

Ongcal, Nicole Ritualo, Paolo

Degree Conferred: Secondary High School

Name/Address of Institution: Tinajero National High School Annex

Year the Manuscript was written: 2022-2023

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Gadgets are defined by software engineers as automated computer

sense that a device is an piece of equipment, either mechanical or electrical, that is

computerized, mechanical, and electrical features. All devices have computerized,

with computers (laptop or desktop). Typically utilized in conjunction with other

for use in personal health.

advantages to using technological gadgets.

better comprehension of this subject.

Statement of the Problem

school year 2022-2023. It will seek to answer the following questions:

without having a gadget?

implementation of ROTC in terms of the parents’ agreeability as well as the agreeable

factors and the implications of the study to the school management.

•Agreeability of •Administering AGREEMENT,

Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study

Significance of the Study

The School Administrators, School administrators are the one responsible in

having a gadget among the senior high school students.