Unit (1)

Concept (3)
Activity 1 ) Can you explain ?
1- Which of your senses collect information in little light ?
……………………………………………………………………………………..

2- What is the organ that is affected by light in humans and animals ?

……………………………………………………………………………………
3- We have learned that the nervous system sends information from…………… to
the…………………………….. through…………………for processing and perception

4- How animals and humans can see things in low light places ?

Humans Animals
organ ….……….. ….…………
Can see in dark ….…………………. ….……………….
Examples Fishing cat - Tarsier monkey

*some nocturnal animals can see better than humans in the dark.

Examples for animals that can see in the dark (that you have studied before ) :

….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Activity (2)Hunting with night vision
-Vision in humans and animals:

Humans Animals
Night can’t see in dark Some animals can
see at night
Tool use a night vision Use their eyes with a
goggle mirror- like
membrane
Examples Fishing cat

***How fishing cat can hunt at night ?

( why the cat’s eyes appears glowing at night ?
As they have a ………..……like membrane on the back of their eyes

1- When light enters its eyes.

2- It …………..…..off this membrane allowing
3- eyes to collect …………………….. and cause the cat’s eye appears …………………..

So they have excellent night vision

In the fishing cat , the mirror - like membrane in its eye is a ……………….. adaptation
(structural - behavioral )

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 Activity (3) what do you already know about light and sight ?
What are the sources of light ?
1-…………………………….
2-……………………………..
3-……………………………..
4-………………………………

Why we can’t consider moon is a source of light ?

……………………………………………………………………………..

How can we see ?

1- We can see objects due to the presence of a
source of light that emits light rays
2- That falls on objects
3- Return back or reflect to the eye to see them
Activity (4) Hunting in the dark
Why many nocturnal animals use a spectacular night vision ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..

The difference between human eyes and nocturnal animal eyes

Human eyes Nocturnal animal eyes

Eyes Small eyes not Bigger eyes sensitive
sensitive to light to light
Pupils Open smaller Open wide
Amount of light Small amount Large amount

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Nocturnal animals can detect the environment around in complete darkness as they
depends on other senses such as hearing , touching and smell

Example of nocturnal animals : The Tarsier monkey

* Its environment : Southeast Asia
*Its food : insects , small lizards or birds

*Its structural adaptation :

1-Eyes :
huge eyes like owl to gather and reflect any light to give it
picture of its surrounding
Tarsier can’t move its eyes like owl
2- Head :
can turn its head 180 degrees like owl to focus on distant or near objects at night

Activity (5) light observations :

 Conclusion : light is necessary for us to be able to see things.

Light falls on objects then it reflects to our eyes to be able to see.

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Activity (6)
Can you see in a dark room ?

…………………………………….

If there is light in the room , How we can see ?

……………………………………………………..

1-When light fall on object , light reflects off this

object into our ………………
2- Then the eyes send messages to ……………… , where the information is
processed

Activity (7) : special eye structure :

How can some animal see in the dark ? ( at night )
By Tapetum lucidum ( thin reflective layer)

Example for animals that can see in the dark

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 Tapetum lucidum :

is a thin layer at the back of some animals’ eyes that reflects light as in fishing cat’s eye

 Tapetum lucidum : is structural adaptation That help some animals to:

 ….………………………………..
 ….…………………………………

 How tapetum lucidum works ?

1-When light enters the eyes of some animals
2- fall on tapetum lucidum layer it reflects it like mirror so light that the eyes do not
detect at first passes through to the tapetum lucidum and
3- get bounced back for second time that makes the eyes get more amount of light
at night

 Why the cat’s eye appears glowing at night ?

……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………

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 Exercises on concept 3
(Activity 1 to 7 )
(1)Choose the correct answer :
1.Which of the following organs are working together for seeing different objects ?

a. Nose and brain b. Eyes and brain

c. Ears and brain d. Tongue and brain
2.All the following things are considered as a light source , except…………

a. The sun b. Fire c. Eyes d. The light lamp

3. …………energy affects the sensory receptors in eyes of living organisms causing vision

a. Electric b. Sound c. Heat d. Light

4. To know what you are seeing and recognize it , the ……..must receive sensory impulses from
eyes

a. Spinal cord b. Brain

c. Sensory receptors in eyes d. sensory receptors in ears
5. If you see someone walking around in a dark place without hitting anything around him so
this person may…………

a. have a lot of food energy

b. have a big ability to breathe
c. have the same hearing ability of bat
d. wear a night vision goggles
6. Animals that have a strong vision to hunt at night , include………….

a. Owl and snake b. Owl and bat

c. Owl and cat c. Cat and snake

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 7. The structural adaptation that helps the fishing cat to catch a prey at night , is that its
ability……..

a. To feel the heat of prey’s body b. To hide inside the forest

c. To digest its prey easily c. Of excellent night vision
8. The thing that makes the eyes of fishing cats glow at night , is ……

a. The light that bounces off the surroundings

b. The light that bounces off the membrane on the back of their eyes
c. The main controlling center of its body
d. The behavioral adaptation with the surroundings
9- In the nocturnal animals , the tapetum lucidum is a life-saving adaptation because
it helps them to……………at night

a. sleep b. breathe
c. keep their body warm d. hunt a prey and avoid to be a prey
10- Nocturnal animals depend on all the following senses to find out their preys at night ,
except………. sense

A.Sight b. hearing c. Taste d. smelling

11- Each of human , fishing cat and Tarsier,………

a. Has an excellent night vision c.Becomes more active at night

b. Has a mirror-like membrane in its eyes d.Has two eyes adapted for vision
12- To detect the place of a table in a completely dark room , you can depend on …………sense

A.Sight b. hearing c. Taste d. smelling

13- Fishing cat can see at night , as follows…………….

a. light falls on the eyes , then reflected to the objects

b. light falls on the objects , then reflected into the eyes
c. sound falls on the eyes , then reflected to the objects
d. sound falls on the objects , then reflected into the eyes

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14- All the following living organisms have tapetum luucidum , except…………….

a. snakes b. fishing cats c. dogs d. horses

15- The function of tapetum lucidum , looks like the function of ………..

a. night vision goggles b. white paper

c. black paper d. radio
(2) Put ( √ ) or ( x )
1. Cats have excellent night vision , while snakes and bats are not ( )

2. At night , cats eyes look like small lamps ( )

3. The membrane that presents on the back of a fishing cat’s eye does not Present in
other cat species ( )

(3) Write the scientific term of each of the following :

1. The organ that is affected by light and responsible for sight ( )

2. Objects , that emit their own light ( )

(4) Complete the following sentences :

1. The fishing cat can hunt at night due to the bouncing off……………energy, while bat
can Hunt at night due to the bouncing off ………..…. Waves

2. The eyes of fishing cat have a mirror-like membrane bounces off the light , and
this is Considered as a ………..…. adaptation

3. Among the objects which give out their own light are …………. and ………….,
while………… and ………….are objects that bounce off light

(5) Give reason for :

1. The fishing cat’s eyes seem to glow in the dark
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 2. We can see the moon shining at night although it is not a source of light
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3- Tarsier and owl have huge eyes

………………………………………………………………………………………….
4- Nocturnal animals can see better than human at night
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(6)What happens if ?
1. The mirror-like membrane in the fishing cat’s eyes is damaged
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- Tarsier and owl have heads with small range of movement like human
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The sensory receptors of fishing cat’s eyes are damaged
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- Snakes have tapetum lucidum layer in their eyes
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(7) Cross out the odd word :
1. Owl – Fishing cat - Bat 2. Bat – Fishing cat – Dolphin
3. The sun – The moon – Fire 4. The moon – Mirror - Candle
(8) Classify which of the following animals

Arctic fox – Fishing cat – Dolphin – Tarsier – Bat

Animals have super sight sense Animals have super hearing sense

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