.

i r ri tate
Act I, Scene l
-> Themes
Act2, scene? 4
7) Class andclass roles
· Comic break
· nobles and commoners
· Power dynamics aspects ofcolonial encounter ·
boatswain has power here
·
Stephano thought Caliban Trinculo were amonster.

rinnrn
↳) drunk
·
Caliban's drunk, naive and believes them to be gods
) comedic tone
· Common assumption: European travellers' discovered '
landt thought the 'natives' were monsterous/sub-human
·
Stephano+ Trinculo low end ofsociety
=

-) Showcase Caliban: make

↳ bring them a status
money
deck.
·
Stephano imagines ruling the islandwith
as servants.
Caliban + Trinculo

7) control ofCalibant alcohol

↳ Caliban + more alcohol:influence by Stephano
· Stephanolikesthat areeigenssaved byanother
· Clear hatred for Prospero is shownt fear
-
Gonzalo-
middle man

↳) sends spirits to torture him.

-
Sebastian t
aggressive and self-serving
-

Audience
* sympathise with murder plot because of
this Antonio

messyintimisin
2
· How
they came to the islandexplains Prospero's motivation
for revenge
↳)the storm
↳ creates sympathy for Prospero andjustifies his treatment

·
towards Ariel andCaliban harsh and
unfeeling
=

Act2, scenel Prospero is also responsible for his own exile

iuhari nternireibiciram"amaran
·

· Conversation between the men: ↳ neglectedDuke duties

↳) Gives audience idea of
the landscape
↳ Further insightinto the characters -> Theme

it I

Caliban
· their language
was taught
· Colonisation how to swear
↳) learnt
↳ lostfreedom andautonomy
Prospero uses his power to intimidate and control Caliban.
·

↳ Naive-who will be inhabiting the island no labour to achieve this life.

-

feel guilty. Ariel: willing servant

AntunsiDicken,fairmeettheteeherearethatisintothereisn't
·
·

desires freedom
↳ Freed from Sycorax's imprisonment, butenslavedby Prospero.
·
Claribel is now Queen ofTunis enjoys his tasks
↳ Prospero goes from kind to cruel towards Ariel.
↳) preminds him how he freed him and threatens him with
imprisonment.
 Act3, scene l 5
Acts, scene l ·
Developing romance between Ferdinand andMiranda
on Gonzalo's condition
Stark juxtaposition
moved Prospero towards forgiveness
·
·
Ariel's comment
·
Sorcerer's cloak to ducal robes andswords
↳ Caliban
resenting Slavery+ doing tasks for Prospero
↳) Ferdinand does these willingly
↳ nobelman will recognize him ↳ Love he has for Miranda-
easier to do tasks can see Miranda +

again
↳) signifies decision to stop
using magic andreturn as duke
-> Themes
·
Cloak, books andstaff
Slavery
.

↳ represents connection to magic ↳ Caliban and Ferdinand

·
Replacementofclothes dukedom
-
↳> fusion of
l ove and service"
·
Break bondwith magic to go back to Milan ·
Miranda knows she is naive
·
Antonio andSebastian are still the same ↳) never seen another woman and other men other than Prospero + Caliban
↳ Still declares love for Ferdinand andso does he.
↳ wantto make
money from Caliban ↳ She will or be enslavedby him than to not
him, die as aservant
caliben marry
·
recognises his wrongdoings have him.
·
Prospero takes ownership ofhis servant
↳ also takes
responsibilityofhis role ofmaking Caliban amonster
↳ allows for the redemption of Caliban
·
Caliban will have his island back
Act3, scene 2 6
comedy
Elements of
·

·
Ariel is invisible

Analysis 2 ↳ makes Stephano and Caliban believe that

saying thatCaliban is lying.

Trinculo is

↳ Caliban asks Stephano to beat him up.

· Power dynamics emerge
↳ Stephano treats Caliban with dignity by beating
TrinCUIO.
↳
Stephano makes Caliban drink wine and take an oath.
Act 4, Scene l I · Caliban talks about Killing Prospero
·
Ferdinand passes all the tests andwill marry Miranda. ->Theme ↳ language usedis brutal
Caliban talking aboutbeautyof the island
Ferdinand taught partriarchal concepts (sexual virtue't'honour). Colonisation
·
· -

↳) contrastto violent speech.

Miranda innocence ↳ Prospero calls Caliban devil and
·

a · Contrasts shows impacts ofcolonialism on island

↳ Sexual innocence taken after cannot be civilised
marriage ↳) was free andisolated
↳ Prospero wants her to maintain her
purityandno no ur ↳ Callshima savage/indigenous ↳ Now longs for freedom
Audience questions
*
reason to allow them to person thatcan't
be educated like
marry.
· Their marriage love-

a'European
for a political/financial
↳) not strategy Claribel's wedding contribute to
-

↳ Prospero's actions
·
Their marriage gains Prospero his dukedom Caliban's actions.
Act3, scenes
Einringrgens a
7
them
·
Prospero's speech ·
Ariel-disguised as a harpy
·
Their love was planned masques will eventually disappear
↳> the
Prospero has been
↳) represents justice that
seeking
↳ Marriage political andsocial benefit real example of
↳ most human activity Reactionto Ariel's speech solidifies our
·

impression them.
of
=

↳ Earth will one day be

·
Miranda is treated as an object destroyed ·
Alonso -> repentant
↳) a transaction and possession ↳ All forms of
life will fade ↳) actions caused Ferdinand's death.
Sebastian and Antonio- defiant
↳> notthe educatedand
intelligentwoman seen at the start
·

↳ wants to fight
·
Masque importance ofmaintaing Miranda's virginity + purity
-
of
marriage anything in their way.
↳ Prospero created the masque spirits · Gonzalo - keeps peace
↳) Narrative of Spirits:
Prospero's words
· Ariel
willingly does these tasks to win Prospero's praise and freedom
7) contrast between him and Caliban
Venus-goddess oflove, beauty, sex anddesire
·

·
Prospero uses his
magic and power to manipulate everyone to do his
↳ didn't ettend wedding
↳ tried to getMirandaandFerdinand to have sex before bidding to achieve his
revenge.
marriage ·
Prospero's illusion feels real.
4) This is how prospero reminds them of their vows
· Caliban's comic plot
↳ drinking wine andbeing distracted by Prospero's clothes
.
Sympathy for Caliban is questioned after his plots Prospero's death
·
Prospero's sympathy-lenience on their treatment
Prospero
↳) Audiencetforgiveness of
 -

Gonzalo Prospero

I
7
*
·
noble Neapolitan
Ferdinand 6 ↳ Helped Prospero and Mirandawith provisions and ·
Powerful magician
books to survive their exile.
Former duke of Milan
·
Tragic hero flaws lead to
·
Prince ofNaples ·
downfall
Qualities beyond
generosity andkindness
·

mutual grief father and son

IAntonio betrayedin Steals position of
·
of Concerned the ·
power
·
with proper behaviour andrespect
for
↳ mourns father's 'death' and nobles. royals ·
·
Treats inhabitants inhumane
·
Miranda thinks he's a spirit 4 SnoD mirandawas three
↳) Draveform
He is witty - arguing with boatswain Intelligent, knowledgeable, authoritative
·
·

complimentary
views
ofhis physique
appropriate during acrisis
↳> not directs most events
↳
undertakes physical tasks andis ·
Various tensions:
chivalrous towards Miranda
·
Doesn't respects Alonso's choice to be left alone
Believes he's now King-father's 'dead' ·
Tries to put
apositive spinon events
↳) revenge and
forgiveness- "Sea change"(Ariel)
↳ authority andbenevolence
·

↳ Miranda: potential queen (ifshe's a ) clashes with Antonio and Sebastian (mock him) ↳ perception and
reality
virgin) ·
Contradicts himselfw hen describing his utopia -

revenge andforgiveness
↳ trained to think of protocals and ↳ he wouldbe
proprieties king injunction to Alonso andforgiving him atthe end
·

of
marriage.
↳
impossible vision
dealing with Caliban, Stephano and Trinculo (planning his
D
·
Points out
Sebastian andAntonio's ignorance of myth
and history. murder) to not actually punishing them
Beliefin providence revenge on Antonio for taking dukedom to forgiving him
·
and assertions that
things aren't
·

+08 DGC. -

authority andbenevolence
Alonso Bumbling advisor and Prospero to preserve
·

chosen by with confinement

Intimidating Ariel
·

S andpain, but
praises
everyone's lives.
·

King of Naples him for his work and promises to sethim free
·
Reliable, notcorrupted
·

Returing from Claribel's wedding in Tunis

·

Physically and verbally abusing Caliban, but initiallytreated

↳ married for political/economic reasons him with kindness andtaughthim their language and in the
↳ expandhis influence or protection from endgave him the island
rivals ·
Intimidate Ferdinand and becomes his servant
andrewards
·
Actions caused play to unfold him with Miranda's hand in marriage
·
Ferdinand drowned ·
Miranda, but
He is abrasive, submissive andcontrolling of
↳) caused griefand guilt he credits her for her company andangelic nature andfor
·
Responsible for happens on
what stage andin giving him areason to live while they were atsea.
the past. ↳ Objectifies her too
↳ Prospero's exile
perception andreality
Portrayedsympathetically (mourns
-

·
son's 'death)
Character ·
Causing the storm atseawith his magic, when itwas really
Victimofaconspiralin
·

Ariel
Analysis ·
Lures Ferdinand to Miranda so they wouldfall in love, but
When Ariel accused them for what
↳ Son's death:
they did then chains Ferdinand and makes him his slave
punishment to look like
↳) says he deserve's to die ·
Conjuring spirits dogs to attack Caliban, Stephano
dnick to apologise to andTrinculo
prospero -> he's forgiven
·

physically severely hurt, but traumatised

⑱ is
are

I I

i i meili'ultra
imadibacaxwere
4
·
banished from Algerat
Miranda 2
·
Sycorax died andCaliban remained
lived on a remote island since she was 3.
Ariel
peknows thesamelikeachild
·

* 3 Educated by Prospero
· even though he is the ·

↳) he was child-like andneededto be looked after

·
Spiritwith supernatural powers ·
Naive -> no experiences outside of the island
-> controls elements
·
Compassionate

invisibilitistinSpeigs e
↳ a SKS father to stop the storm
↳ empathy for peopleon ship
Prospero thinks She's too kindandoptimistic
·DoesProspero'sPic4 follow Prosperse
·

·
human
When she learns more about nature, she

Ricycretireedomandthehatethe ·
sommands to obtain it
Prospero releasedhim from
in another
only to be put
Sycorax's imprisonment. Sexist
↳)
easilyimpressed
won't
be

Stereotype-"perfectwomen"
beautiful to Ferdinand
-) wants to kill Prospero (looks foolish)
· Thinks Stephano and Trinculo are Gods
·

Delights in the fear andconfusion of others

↳ Virss to Prospero's authorityin
↳) gave him wine andbecomes comic character
·
Has a conscience -
doesn'to bewicked commands ↳ She will serve Ferdinand one she's his wife
↳ would trade one master for another
·

Sympathy for him (his treatment

·
Eloquent outrage
 Stephano andTrinculo * 4
·
Servants of
King Alonso
↳ Stephano-butter
↳ Trinculo= Jester
·
mock and
laugh
·
Slapsticks:
↳ PLRS
↳ physical comedy
↳ Sexual innuendo
↳ general silliness
·
Stephano- funny drunk Boatswain I
·
Trinculo- funny clown ·
senior member of
aship's crew.

·
Caliban thinks they are gods
·
Good foil to Gonzalo
↳ He wants to kill Prospero ↳ courtiers tend to be pompous
↳ The two are a jaunt andtake
·

Encourages peers andcompanions

advantage Caliban
of
·
Loyal andreliable
↳ duty during storm
·
Prospero andAriel make the three equal
in
·
Keep ship afloat andprotected passengers
ignorance
4) Stephano andTrinculo
·
Affirms that the power andpomp of
kings
fight andaristocrats is not permanent/absolute
↳ scared of islands
magical activity
·
Juxtaposition Stephano
-

and Trinculo's
clowning creates an unpredictable
at mosphere.

Character
Analysis
Sebastian A 3
·
Alonso's younger brother
·
Similar to Antonio
Antonio * 2
·
Verbal guns blazing and relentless
·
loudmouth approach
·
Prospero's brother
criticise ·
Took Prospero's dukedom
↳ insult ↳ had him exiled
↳ curse ↳actions: perifidious and false
·
Alonso mourning his son ·
Machiavellian logic:
↳ Adds salt
to his wounds
↳ most capable should have power and do what
·
Complains thatAlonso did not bless Europe' is to claim it
necessary
With Alonso's
daughter Claribel ↳ Encourages Sebastian to take the throne,
) married an African Since Alonso has no children.
King
·
Similar grievance towards Alonso as Antonio had ·
Only time he speaks in the endis when he wants
towards Prospero to use Caliban for aprofit.
↳) knows better than older brother ↳ No change in character
↳>
disadvantagedby primogeniture (firstburns inherits
·
Plotting, scheming, persuading
title). ·
No remorse
Admires Antonio Ruthless and
self-serving
·
·

> Antonio Sebastian should kill Alonso

that
suggest
· End scene
differentattitudes
↳)
↳ Antonio sullen (bad-tempered and
=

↳ Sebastian:
sulky
↳
chirpy
retained capacity
ofwonder
 Masters andSlaves,rulers and
subjects
· Gonzalo wants a utopia that is democratic andegalitarian
↳ Contradicts this:"King of the island"
·
Prospero negated his responsibilities as Duke of Milan Sea Journeys A I
andexpectedAntonio to
carry them out. ·
Prospero and Miranda
Exile=
↳
Exiled Prospero andAntonio inherits his title.
·
Colonial conquest, occupation, exploitation andtheft
in
· Antonio persuading Sebastian to kill Alonso and become
discovered' lands
King ·
Return from Claribel's wedding in Tunis
↳ Antonio is a machiavellian character ↳
Marriage expand Alonso's dominance across the
-

↳) cunning, scheming and unscrupulous

Mediterranean Sea.
· Caliban and Ariel
wanting their freedom from Prospero's ↳) historical andpolitical circumstances
ruIt. ·

Archetypal associations
↳) Prospero:tyrant or abenevolent
dictator It's perilous, but has opportunities
) knowledge, wealth, new identity or redemption
·
See change notable transformation
-

↳ Some lured
by opportunity a nddesire and power
↳ Some receive
forgiveness or gain love
↳)
broughteveryone together, thathave been separated
Land, language andliberty Reconciliation
·
Caliban says thatpeople aroundthe worldexperience
the oppression ofEuropean colonisers.
Island was Caliban's, gifted
by his mother Sycorax
·

and it was taken by Prospero

↳ How did Sycorax gain control ofthe island
Colonisers impose their Themes
language on the colonised
·

↳ More
economically andculturallydominant.

Noble Savagery 2
·
Italian powers struggle to take over island
Antonio and Sebastian andStephano and Trinculo
Europeans were trying to escape this in their cities
↳ ironic-
·
Gonzalo's speech
Europe andits others ↳ imagines autopia commonwealth' on the island
'civilised Europe' and 'uncivilised elsewhere' ↳ people can be free and
·
equal
↳ North/South America, Asia ↳ full of contradictions impossible for
people notto work
-

Gonzalo trip to Tunisia Pros and cons

discussing their
· ·

"Widow dido"said Sebastian and natives seen as innocenta ndchild-like and needed protection
Antonio of
-) Europeans neededto oversee the 'development natives,
while exploiting their resources
↳ Gonzalo explains that a phoenician
City -

State was founded by Queen Dido = prospero andCaliban

·
Caliban welcomed andhelped Prospero survive
Prospero sees him as amonster and also educated him
↳ Caliban is a 'sep-creature' to Stephano and Trinculo