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Disclaimer

This Summary report and any files included or referred with it are intended solely for the use
of the individual or entity to whom they are addressed. The views, thoughts, and opinions
expressed in this report belong solely to the author(s) for and behalf of DYNAMARINe and are
based on the facts and data conveyed by the client. Author(s) do not make any warranties
about the completeness of the information conveyed through this Guide which is subject to
amendment without any prior notice. Any action you take upon the information on this Guide
is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any losses and damages in connection
with the use of this Guide

Copyright © DYNAMARINe December 2022, Version 1.00

ISBN Number: 978-618-86159-1-5

DYNAMARINe is a member of:

And has received accreditations for their STS services from LR and ABS

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Introduction
The bowtie method is a risk assessment methodology that is used to assist in the development
of the risk assessment for a specific hazard and event.

A bow-tie diagram is a type of diagram used to model and visualize risk management and
preparedness. The diagram visualizes an event with its perceived threats, consequences,
damage mitigation measures and preventive measures.

Threats and preventive measures are placed in the left part of the diagram, as part of the
preventive controls for potential causes. Consequences and damage mitigation measures are
placed on the right side, as part of the potential impact and corresponding plan for recovery
preparedness.

The objective of this guide is to assist the user in developing a risk assessment in line with
the latest OCIMF STS Transfer Guide 1 using the bowtie methodology. Thus, ensuring that
causal factors, leading to an incident, will be properly addressed and potential consequences
will be taken into account and mitigated through proper control measures.

Elements of the Bowtie Method

Hazard an activity, state or process that has the potential to cause harm
Top Event the point in time when control over the hazard is lost
Threats a possible cause for the top event
Consequences an unwanted event caused by the top event
Barriers measures taken to prevent, control or mitigate events

List of Bowtie Diagrams

The guide examines the following scenarios:

a/a Hazard Phase / Category

1 Unsuitable STS Location Planning
2 Substandard STS Service Provider Planning
3 Collision during berthing Maneuvering
4 Fender and/or Fender Line breakdown Maneuvering & Mooring
5 Mooring Line Breakdown Mooring
6 Personnel Injury Mooring
7 Loss of containment Cargo Transfer Operations
8 Hose breakdown Cargo Transfer Operations
9 Failure or improper use of equipment used in PTB Personnel Transfer
10 High/Low Energy Collision Night Operation

1
Ship to Ship Transfer Guide for Petroleum, Chemicals and Liquefied Gases, First Edition (OCIMF, CDI,
ICS, SIGTTO).

4|Page
 Service Provider to
have conducted an
DYNAMARINe to adequate number
of STS Operations Service Provider
be consulted for
Service Provider is under similar to be licensed by
past relevant Service Provider to
not experienced circumstances the local comply with OCIMF
incident data STS SPSA
with the location authorities

POAC to have a
POAC to be
DYNAMARINe to good
regularly
be consulted for understanding POAC to comply
assessed by the
Inexperienced past relevant with the Location with MARPOL
STS Service
incident data Assessment Requirements
POAC Provider

Enviromental
Regular weather Weather limitations
to be established Weather
forecast to be
based on Mooring Limitations to be
received prior to
Adverse the STS
Study by the STS established prior
weather Service Provider to the STS
Operation
operation
conditions

AIS broadcasting
STS operation to
of Restricted
be conducted at Vessel Position to
Ability to
safe location be monitored
Maneuver by
away from through both
both involved
separation zones ECDIS and Radar
Traffic vessels

During the
clearance phase, Improper
information on Location
Location Assessment or
Assessment to be
Location
requested by the
AIS broadcasting In case of Double Assessment not Delays
charterer
of Restricted Banking, passing received
Ability to ship effect to be
Maneuver by Consider discussed with
both involved additional lines the STS
Passing Ship STS Operation -
vessels in Mooring Plan Superintendent
Effect Planning

During the
clearance phase,
information on
Unsuitable Location
Assessment to be
STS STS Operation always
STS Service Provider requested by the to be at Charterer's

to advise Under Keel Location charterer Risk and Expenses C/P Disputes
navigational Clearance to be
hazards in the area DYNAMARINe to
Appropriate and considered
through the be consulted for
avigational Hazards up-to-date during the
Location past relevant
in the vicinity of charts to be compatibility
Assessment incident data
the location available assessment

No crew changes
or relevant
inspections to
take place unless
the STS location
STS location be
is deemed Increased DA
assessed /
DYNAMARINe to
reviewed
suitable expenses
be consulted for
Improper through the
past relevant
Location feedback of
incident data
DYNAMARINe
Assessment

DYNAMARINe to
Service Provider
STS Location not
be consulted for
to be licensed by
authorized by the past relevant
the local
local incident data
authorities
Administration

STS Area not to Appropriate and

Area to allow for
affect offshore up-to-date VTS to grant
simultaneous
Site limitations economic charts to be authorization for
STS operations
activities available STS

Consult P&I Additional Security level to

Vessel to comply
Exposure to Clubs for recent security be advised by
with her Ship
security Security measures to be the STS Service
Security Plan
Incidents available Provider
threats

Availability of Oil
Spill Response
Equipment to be
Contingency Plan confirmed with the
to adapt to STS Service
Inadequate Oil circumstances Provider prior to
Spill Response and location the STS operation
quipment/Facilitie

STS equipment not
properly maintained
POAC doe not satisfy
MOP 6.2.1.2
The Service provider does not
have an SMS System,
including but not limited to:
JPO, Risk Assessment,
Mooring Plan, Location
Assessment
STS Equpment Certificates of
maintenance to be assessed
to prior STS operation, in line
with industry standards
POAC Qualifications to
be assessed in line
with Industry
regulations
STS Planning
documentation in line
with industry
requirements to be
received and asssessed
prior to the STS
operation
Substandard tug or
Service boats
Past STS Data
performance issues
STS Service Provider
not authorized by the
local Administration
STS Equipment to be visually
inspected by the Master
POAC to be replaced
by a qualified POAC
Relevant ISO certifications or
latest Audit Report by a
third-party to be requested
prior to the STS operation
STS Service Provider to
have a documented
SMS in line with
OCIMF SPSA guidelines
Evidence towards
rectification of past
issues/Incident
investigation to be
provided
Service Provider to be
licensed by the local
authorities
Past Performance data
to be assessed
through OSIS
(DYNAMARINe)
During the clearance
Past Performance data
phase, information on
to be assessed
through OSIS
STS Service Provider to
be requested by the Delays
(DYNAMARINe)
charterer
STS operation -
Planning
Improper Provider
Assesment
Past Performance and
Incident data to be
assessed through OSIS
(DYNAMARINe)
Substandard STS
Service Provider
During the clearance
phase, information on
STS Service Provider to
STS Operation always to be at be requested by the C/P Disputes
Past Performance and
Charterer's Risk and Expenses
charterer
Incident data to be
assessed through OSIS
(DYNAMARINe)
No crew changes or
relevant inspections to
take place unless the Increased DA
Past Performance and STS location is deemed expenses
Incident data to be suitable
assessed through OSIS
(DYNAMARINe)
DYNAMARINe to be consulted
for past relevant incident data
 Engineers have been
Mismatched briefed on engine
speed and speed
manoeuvring
adjustment
characteristics
requirements
Details of the Tugs to be
Lack or Inadequate
included at the JPO prepared
Tug
by the STS Service Provider
Adverse weather
Weather thresholds to
conditions
be monitored
Poor visibility
Inadequate
Communication
Vessel Blackout/ Main
Engine Failure
Inexperienced POAC
Inexperienced Deck
Officers
Interaction Effect to be taken
into consideration during
tool-box meeting
Tugboats to be
seaworthy
Efficient
communication to be
established between
ships
Suspension criteria should be
agreed at the JPO
Tool-box meeting to be
arranged upon
embarkation of the STS
Superintendent
Rudder Failure
Main Engine to be
tested prior to
Maneuvering
Fender Defect /
Positioning
POAC to comply with
MARPOL
Requirements
Emergency drill to be
conducted well in advance of
the STS operation in line with
industry guidelines
Inadequate planning
Detailed checklists, as per
accepted industry guidance,
completed
Tugs to have suitable BP for the
size of the vessels enganged
Weather suspend criteria to
have been agreed at the JPO
Only daytime berthing
Test the
Communications
means between vessels
before the
commencement of the
operations to ensure
timely responses from
the Master/Vessels
Both rudder motors to
be operating
Diesel generator
parallel operation to
be tested prior to
Maneuvering
Unsuitable STS
Location
Fender selection assessment
should be conducted from
both Masters and STS Service
Provider
POAC to be regularly assessed
by the STS Service Provider
POAC to advise
regarding the roles
and duties of the crew
Tool-box meeting to be
conducted well in
advanced of the STS
operation
Experienced POAC to
Establish minimum vessel
speed to maintain steerage be employed
STS Service Provider to
Adequate communication
have a documented
channels to be established
SMS in line with
with the involved Tugs
OCIMF SPSA guidelines
Weather forecast Bridge watch to report
should be monitored in case of weather
regularly deterioration
Initiate cast off
procedures/Standby
Efficient tug in order to assist
Both Ships Navigation Initiate contingency Inform Class and Hull First Assessment with respect Initiate Ullage measurements Structural Damage
communication to be vessels retain their Isolate damaged area
Lights to be in good
established between
planning Underwriters to the extend of the damage in nearby tanks
position
working condition
ships
First Aid team to
Notify relevant team to
Back up VHF be ready to transfer
proceed to the scene
radio/frequencies and of the incident with all
casualty to the ship’s
emergency medical equipment in Personnel
Initiate contingency hospital with Appropriate PPE to be
case of Personnel Injury/Fatality
communication planning appropriate means worn
Injury
means (i.e. whistle) for
the entire period of
the operation should Common working language to
be agreed with the STS be established prior to the STS
operation
Superintendent
Initiate actions required
by SOPEP/VRP as
applicable and initiate
STS operation - clean-up actions as
MARPOL antipollution
Maneuvering Initiate contingency Assess and isolate the source Initiate Ullage measurements equipment to be Oil Pollution
agreed at the JPO
Integrity of Machinery planning and size of spill (if needed) in nearby tanks
mobilized
of participating vessel
Rudder maintenance to be verified prior to
to comply with PMS the STS operation
Collision during
berthing Check and replace damaged
Primary/ Secondary
Initiate contingency Request tug assistance in case Suspend/Abort equipment, including any
planning of primary fender failure berthing maneuver fittings of both vessels
fender damage
Diesel generator load
analysis to be assessed Main Engine maintenance to
accordingly prior to comply with PMS
Maneuvering
Check for Vapor on
Emergency Parties to Sound the fire alarm, Inform
Initiate contingency Main Deck and initiate
provide the bridge OOW and advise Engine Room Fire/ Explosion
process to stop
planning with frequent updates of the situation
leakage
Location Assessment to
be received/completed STS Service Provider to
by the STS Service be audited/approved
Provider by DYNAMARINe
First Assessment with respect
to the extend of the damage
and resume STS operation if Consider Emergency Timely inform Delays
Request Expert advice feasible Lightering Charterers
External condition of
Fender rigging plan the fenders should be
should be prepared visually assessed.
prior to the Latest maintenance
commencement of the certificates should be
STS provided
Inform Media Initiate pre-investigation Reputation damages
Contact P&I Club
Response Team Incident procedures
POAC to have a good
understanding with
DYNAMARINe to be consulted
the Location for past relevant incident data
Assessment
Tool-box meeting to be
conducted well in
DYNAMARINe to be consulted
advanced of the STS for past relevant incident data
operation
JPO, Risk Assessment
and Mooring Plan
prepared by the STS
Service Provider to be
timely communicated
Course and speed
to the vessel for
information has been
Master's review
exchanged and agreed
 Primary and secondary
fender
testing/maintenance to Fender pennants/ropes
be in accordance with Regular monitoring of to be inspected and
Inadequate fender pennants and Fenders in accordance
industry guidelines assessed during Fender Selection in accordance
equipment adjustment where with ISO 17357 to be
and requirements fendering with industry guidelines
applicable utilized

Maneuvering to be in
accordance with the
JPO in order to ensure The angle of approach When manoeuvring at
adopted by the close quarters the
the appropriate
Improper maneuvering ship effect of ship
contact angle with the
maneuvering should not be interaction should be
fenders excessive anticipated

Emergency
disconnection Emergency cast off
Personnel to report at the rally Vessel Collison
point and assess the damage procedure to be procedures to be
initiated initiated

Keeping the wind and

swell on the fender
rigging and to reduce
the relative wind Fender diameter to be
across the deck on the Enviromental Weather less than half the
port or starboard limitations to be freeboard of the ship
Regular weather Initiate cast off
quarter of the constant Weather Limitations to established based on to prevent inadvertent Compression on
Abnormal metocean forecast to be received boardinf of the ship by
procedures/Standby
heading ship to be established prior to Mooring Study by the individual fenders to Initiate Emergency Emergency cast off
conditions prior to the STS Inform Class and Hull tug in order to assist
reduce loads the STS operation STS Service Provider the fender be regularly monitored Isolate damaged area
Initiate Ullage measurements First Assessment with respect
Response Plan procedures to be Structual Damage
Operation vessels retain their
in nearby tanks to the extent of the damage Underwriters
procedures position initiated

STS Operation -
Approaching &
Secondary fender
Mooring
height to be
Mooring fittings of Mooring line tension to be Emergency cast off Mooring Line
re-adjusted based on Portable chock for the Vessel’s crew to coordinate monitored and cast-off
Primary and secondary both vessels to be procedures to be breakdown
Back-up pennant to be the new vessel secondary fender to be Fender rigging to be with the Mooring Master procedures to be discussed
fender positioning to Compression on assessed initiated
Improper fender utilized for the freeboards after the utilized in case of conducted under the
completion of cargo be in line with industry individual fenders to
rigging foremost primary unsuitable mooring supervision of the STS
operations guidelines be regularly monitored
fender fittings Superintendent

Mooring chocks to be
inspected prior STS
operations to ensure
that no any grooves
are present which can
Improper condition of lead to breakdown of
vessel mooring lines due to increased
fittings friction
Fender and/or
Fender Line
Breakdown
Emergency shut-down Emergency cast off
procedures to be Vessel’s crew to coordinate
procedures to be Loss of containment
with the Mooring Master
initiated initiated
Fender rigging to be
conducted under the
supervision of the STS
Superintendent
Notify relevant team to
be ready to transfer
casualty to the ship’s Emergency cast off
Vessel’s crew to coordinate Appropriate PPE to be hospital with Personnel Injury
procedures to be
with the Mooring Master worn appropriate means
initiated

Fender requirements to
be assessed during the
Inadequate fendering Fender Selection in accordance External condition of fenders
with industry guidelines ship compatibility should be visually assessed
process

Timely inform Delays

Request Expert advice
Charterers

Fender integirty to be Fender Maintenance to be

assessed through the conducted in accordance with
Inadequate fender latest manufacturer's guidelines and
maintenance maintenance/inspection industry standards
certificates

Large roll angles or
different roll periods
Fender diameter to be
less than half the
freeboard of the ship
to prevent inadvertent
boarding of the ship
Fender diameter to ensure
sufficient stand-off distance by the fender

Mooring chocks to be
inspected prior STS
operations to ensure
that no any grooves
are present which can
Minimum number of
lead to breakdown of
Improper condition of closed fairleads to be
lines due to increased
mooring fittings in line with industry
friction Guidelines
Mooring Plan to be in
accordance with the OCIMF
Mooring Pattern STS Transfer Guidelines and
MEG4 requirements
Efficient
Abnormal weather communication to be
Weather thresholds to
conditions established between
be monitored
ships
Inadequate crew
experience
Fail of
communication
Additional protection
may be required to
prevent grooving or
abrasion damage to
the surface of the
fairlead
Number of lines to be
adequate taking into
consideration vessels
sizes and weather
conditions
Weather suspend criteria to
have been agreed at the JPO
Company to ensure that all
personnel are competent and
trained to carry out the
assigned tasks
Differnent roll periods
Tool-box meeting to be
arranged upon
embarkation of the STS
Superintendent
First Aid team to
Notify relevant team to
proceed to the scene
be ready to transfer
of the incident with all
casualty to the ship’s Emergency cast off
Appropriate PPE to be medical equipment in
Snap back zones to be Personnel
Vessel’s crew to coordinate hospital with
procedures to be case of Personnel Injury/Fatality
with the Mooring Master worn appropriate means considered
initiated Injury
Wire pennants not to
be passed through
fairleads that are First Assessment with respect
Emergency
normally used for to the extend of the damage Emergency cast off
disconnection
synthetic (e.g. high Personnel to report at the rally and resume STS operation if
procedures to be Collision
procedure to be
modulus) ropes as they point and assess the damage feasible
initiated initiated
Brake rendering point will cause grooving of
of mooring winches the surface, which will
should be set in subsequently damage
accordance with MEG 4 the synthetic rope
requirements
Monitor weather
conditions and assess
Check the operation Additional stress to
the deployment of Parted mooring
condition of all
additional mooring
line/tail to be replaced other mooring lines
mooring lines/winches
lines
Tool-box meeting to be
Ship compatibility to be
arranged upon
assessed in advance of
embarkation of the STS
the STS operation
Superintendent
Emergency shut-down
Systems prepared to drain and
disconnect hoses at short procedures to be Loss of containment
STS Operations - notice initiated
Mooring Operations
Weather forecast Bridge watch to report
should be monitored in case of weather
regularly deterioration
First Assessment with respect
Vessel’s crew to coordinate Emergency cast off to the extend of the damage
Mooring Line Damage to mooring
with the Mooring Master prior and resume STS operation if
Breakdown procedures to be fittings
to any action feasible
initiated
Proper communication
Tool-box meeting to be
to be established
arranged upon
between the two
vessels and the POAC
embarkation of the STS
Superintendent
Vessel’s crew to coordinate Emergency cast off Mooring fittings of
with the Mooring Master prior
procedures to be both vessels to be Structural Failure
to any action
initiated assessed
Operation type (Underway, At
anchor)to be assessed taking
into considerations weather
Lower weather conditions
limitations
Emergency
Vessel’s crew to coordinate
disconnection Mooring fittings of Damage to STS
with the Mooring Master prior
procedure to be both vessels to be Equipment
to any action
initiated assessed
Back up VHF
radio/frequencies and
Test the
Communications emergency
means between vessels communication
before the means (i.e. whistle) for First Assessment with respect
commencement of the the entire period of to the extend of the damage
operations to ensure the operation should Timely inform
Request Expert advice
and resume STS operation if Delays
timely responses from be agreed with the STS feasible Charterers
the Master/Vessels
Superintendent
Assessment, Training
and Incident
Investigation Timely inform Reputation damages
procedures to be
Charterers
examined
 Ensure that adequate
Tool-box meeting to be number of crew is
Work/ Rest hours to be arranged upon onboard in case of
Fatigue kept as per SMS embarkation of the STS consecutive STS
policies Superintendent operations

Company to ensure that all

Tool-box meeting to be
personnel are competent and
Inadequate crew arranged upon Crew Training/ STS Drills/
trained to carry out the
experience assigned tasks embarkation of the STS Assigned roles and
Superintendent responsibilities

Tool-box meeting to
ensure that procedures
Non proper usage of PPE should be checked and safe working
PPE prior STS operation practices are followed
Ensure adequate
lighting at boat station First Aid team to
and crane / gangway Notify relevant team to Prepare midship cranes
proceed to the scene
SMPEP procedures to be ready to transfer (man rated) with
stations. Switch on all of the incident with all
be activated in line Vessel’s crew to coordinate casualty to the ship’s stretcher / basket for
available deck lights (if medical equipment in
with the procedures with the Mooring Master prior hospital with
case of Personnel
lowering the casualty Fatality
also agreed at the JPO night or Polar night) to any action appropriate means to the boat
Injury
Back up VHF
radio/frequencies and
Test the
emergency Communications
communication means between vessels
means (i.e. whistle) for before the
the entire period of commencement of the
the operation should Tool-box meeting to be Confirm that all crew operations to ensure
Communication arranged upon involved can easily timely responses from
be agreed with the STS Start establishing facts,
Failure embarkation of the STS communicate in same the Master/Vessels collecting evidence for
Superintendent Superintendent language Incident investigation to be
SMPEP procedures to subsequent
MOC to take into investigation (take
conducted. Findings to be
be activated in line If injury due to defective
account findings photos, secure
considered and preventive Change in company
with the procedures equipment etc., keep parts on actions to be established
also agreed at the JPO
following the Incident statements etc) board for inspection
procedures
Investigation
STS Operations -
Mooring Operations

Carry out a Safety

Meeting before
starting the work and
advise from Bridge
Team Members of the
Overconfidence and hazards and necessary
complacency safety precautions
Tool-box meeting to
Crew Training/ STS Drills/ Office personnel to
ensure that procedures
Assigned roles and notify and liaise with
and safe working
responsibilities to be Coastal / Flag State
practices are followed
established Organise Class and Assessment, Training Authorities, Agent,
Personnel Injury Incident investigation and
Company and Incident Underwriters, Class,
Initiate Incident Investigation Finfings to be submitted to Owners, Charterers,
representative Investigation
and nominate Incident relevant authorities and
Media Response, as Commercial Impact
attendance, as associated parties
procedures to be
Investigation Team
applicable examined applicable

Mooring chocks to be
inspected prior STS
Wires to be treated operations to ensure
regularly with suitable that no any grooves
lubricants as SMPEP procedures to
are present which can
Mooring lines of the Certificates and recommended and be activated in line Assessment of the Inform engine room
Inadequate lead to breakdown of
vessels to be ckecked maintenance/inspection meeting any with the procedures injury and resume STS and have engine on Vessel Delays
maintenance of environmental lines due to increased Inform charterers
prior to the STS records to be easily also agreed at the JPO operation if feasible stand-by for maneuver
equipment operation accesible regulations friction

Carry out a Safety STS Superintendent to On board officers to ensure

Meeting before confirm that personnel STS Superintendent to that the incident is properly
starting the work and Safe working practices involved in each part Where possible try and
confirm the safe documented i.e. witness
advise Bridge Team and safe handling of of the operation are secure the area of the statements, accident report, If injury due to defective
connection of transfer
Members of the properly briefed and incident. (For purpose photos etc equipment etc., keep parts on ILO related Tasks
hose to be supervised hoses and any
hazards and necessary understand their of later investigation) board for inspection
Hose Handling by the appointed Deck associated emergencty
safety precautions responsibilities release systems
Officer

Condition of mooring
lines along with their
The moorings lines should be operating records to
checked and tended regularly be inspected by the
Confirmation that crew is to ensure proper tension is Mooring Master prior
aware of snap back zones (all to the commencement
Mooring line maintained throughout the
deck is considered as snapback transfer operation of the Operation
breakdown areas)

Fatality

Manifold pressures and
cargo quantities
should be recorded at
regular intervals by
both vessels and any
discrepancies
Hardware failure investigated
immediately
Hoses to be Hose to be properly
inspected/maintained cleaned prior to
Hoses not fit for
in accordance with installation to ensure
purpose industry standards and there is no
guidelines cross-contamination
Improper hose
connection /
handling
Vessel's Oil Spill Response
equipment to be fit for
Inadequate
purpose and in line with
procedures
industry standards
Deck pipelines, Tank
Containment and Spillage
Lids and Butterworth
Cleaning Equipment to be
plates to be checked
checked prior to each STS
prior to each cargo operation
operation
Manifold pressures and
cargo quantities
should be recorded at
regular intervals by
both vessels and any
discrepancies
Defective overfill
investigated
protection
immediately
Hose connection to be
Hoses life span to be
assessed through the
inline with
Compatibility Assessment by
manufacturer the STS Service Provider
recommendation
Maximum permissible
flow velocity to be in
line with
The STS manufacturer's
Superintendent should recommendations, also
confirm and supervise taking into account
the internal pipework
the hose connection at
the manifold of both tankers
Clear and detailed
Oil Spill Drill to be carried out
operating procedures
regularly in order to evaluate
to be established for
the effectiveness of the
all phases of the STS
resposne plan
opeation
Officers to be checked
for pre-employment
training to ensure that
they meet both
Failure to follow
company and statutory
procedures standards
Ensure that careful
observation of the
vessel’s tank ullage
flow rates and
pressures is
maintained during the If possible, extend oil
entire delivery to avoid Cargo Transfer related boom immediately to
Ship's crew to ensure
any possibility of equipment to be SOPEP procedures to prevent dissipation of
that the spilled
overflow maintained as per PMS Cessation of cargo be activated in line oil, and try to recover
substance is isolated
transfer operation and Locate source of with the procedures as much oil as possible Emergency Response Appropriate Coastal States to Oil Pollution
using oil absorbent from cargo and or
closure manifold valves leakage also agreed at the JPO team to be notified be notified without delay
personnel
When the damage is
Overfill and tank
protection alarms and fairly limited and
Maximum fill levels are
shutdown systems to restricted e.g. to one
adjusted to ensure these
or two compartments
be fully operational at systems operate effectively in
all times open water consideration may be A visual inspection should be
SOPEP procedures to given to transferring carried out and all cargo tanks,
Cessation of cargo be activated in line oil internally from bunker tanks and other
transfer operation and Locate source of with the procedures damaged to intact
compartments should be Structural Damages
leakage also agreed at the JPO sounded
closure manifold valves tanks
STS Operation - Cargo
Hose to be compatible Hose marking to be in
Transfer Operation
with the Manifold line with industry
Hose Connection For liquid chemical
standards
transfers, response
teams should not be
deployed until the
Alter the course so the Notify relevant team to
product released has
SOPEP procedures to ship is unwind of be ready to transfer
been identified and all
Cessation of cargo be activated in line vessels have been All lifesaving equipment should spilled cargo, shutting casualty to the ship’s Emergency cast off Personnel Injury /
transfer operation and Locate source of with the procedures advised of the dangers be prepared for emergency down nonessential air Vessel’s crew to coordinate Appropriate PPE to be hospital with Explosure to toxic
procedures to be
Loss of closure manifold valves leakage also agreed at the JPO presented use intakes with the Mooring Master worn appropriate means vapors
initiated
containment
Minimum bending
Hoses to be adequately
Radius to be in line
supported utilizing
with industry
suitable hose slings SOPEP procedures to
requirements
Cessation of cargo be activated in line Vessel’s crew to coordinate Communication to take
transfer operation and Locate source of with the procedures with the Mooring Master prior Only spark free tools to place only with Fire/ Explosion
closure manifold valves leakage also agreed at the JPO to any action be utilized intrinsically free radios
SOPEP to be reviewed
STS Service Provider to
periodically to
advise location specific
incorporate experience
requirements and
gained from regular Assessment, Training
response equipment
drills and actual and Incident
availability Cessation of cargo
incidents Investigation
transfer operation and Locate source of Timely inform Reputation damages
procedures to be
closure manifold valves leakage Charterers
examined
Emergency duties
should be assigned to
personnel. An
First Assessment with respect
appropriate drill to the extend of the damage
should be held, where and resume STS operation if Timely inform Delays
practicable, within Request Expert advice
feasible Charterers
24-hours and in any
case not more than 7
Officers to regularly
days before
attend Company and
commencing STS
industry organized
transfer operations
seminars

Improper hose Ensure that bolts are in
connection place and tightened
Hoses to be Hose to be properly
inspected/maintained cleaned prior to Hoses life span to be
Inadequate in accordance with installation to ensure
equipment industry standards and there is no manufacturer
guidelines cross-contamination recommendation
Inadequate hose Hoses to be adequately
supported utilizing
support/handling
suitable hose slings
Adverse weather
Weather thresholds to
conditions
be monitored
Hose
connection/integrity to
Correct gasket is being
be pressure tested at 5
used
evenly bars
Hose connection to be
assessed through the Hose to be compatible
inline with
Compatibility Assessment by with the Manifold
the STS Service Provider
Hose Connection
Inadequate
Manifold Watch to be
watchkeeping
maintained
Minimum Bending
Radius is exceeded
Lifting bridles and
saddles should be
Certified lifting straps provided. Certified
should be used
lifting straps should be
used
Transfer rates are assessed
Transfer rate too high based on vessel data provided
at the Q88
Increasing stand-off
distance
Weather suspend criteria to
have been agreed at the JPO
Flanges and quick
connect/disconnect couplings
should be in good condition
Hose marking to be in
line with industry
standards
Manifold pressures and
cargo quantities
should be recorded at
regular intervals by
both vessels and any
discrepancies
investigated
immediately
Minimum bending
Radius to be in line
with industry
requirements
The use of steel wires in direct
contact with the hose should
not be permitted
Establish and maintain
proper communication
between the two
vessels and the POAC
Vessel position to be
monitored
The STS
Superintendent should
confirm correct
connection at the Stop cargo transfer and Vessel’s crew to coordinate Contingency Planning, MARPOL antipollution
Oil Pollution/Loss of
manifold inform the involved
with the Mooring Master prior as agreed in the JPO, equipment to be
containment
to any action to be initiated mobilized
parties
The STS
Superintendent should
confirm correct Stop cargo transfer and Vessel’s crew to coordinate
Damage to adjecent
First Assessment with respect
connection at the inform the involved with the Mooring Master prior
Disconnect all hoses Hose string
to any action to the extend of the damage
manifold parties
The STS
Stop cargo transfer and Vessel’s crew to coordinate
Superintendent should
Personnel Should not be close with the Mooring Master prior Appropriate PPE to be Personnel Injury
confirm correct inform the involved Disconnect all hoses
to the Manifold area to any action worn
connection at the parties
manifold
Cargo Transfer - STS
Stop cargo transfer and Vessel’s crew to coordinate
Operations with the Mooring Master prior Initiate cast off First Assessment with respect Damage to Manifold
inform the involved Disconnect all hoses
to any action procedures to the extend of the damage
parties
The STS
Superintendent should
confirm correct
connection at the
manifold
Hose Breakdown
Notify relevant team to
be ready to transfer
casualty to the ship’s Emergency cast off
Vessel’s crew to coordinate Appropriate PPE to be hospital with Personnel Injury
procedures to be
with the Mooring Master worn appropriate means
initiated
Hose to be inspected
for kings and crushed
sections
Stop cargo transfer and Vessel’s crew to coordinate Communication to take
with the Mooring Master prior Only spark free tools to place only with Fire/ Explosion
inform the involved
to any action be utilized intrinsically free radios
The STS parties
Superintendent should
confirm correct
connection at the
manifold
Assessment, Training
and Incident
Investigation Timely inform Reputation damages
procedures to be
Charterers
examined
Maximum flow rate not
to exceeded
manufacturer's
specifications
First Assessment with respect
to the extend of the damage
and resume STS operation if Timely inform Delays
Request Expert advice
feasible Charterers
Stand-off distance to
remain constant

Tool-box meeting to be
Communication channels to be
Human error - Loss of arranged upon
tested and agreed before the
control embarkation of the STS
Superintendent
Rest hours to be followed as
transfer operation per company procedures
Personnel being transferred to
be medically fit
Tool-box meeting to be
Inadequate planning
embarkation of the STS
Tool-box meeting to be
Communication arranged upon
Communication channels to be Check VHF channels
tested and agreed before the
Failure embarkation of the STS prior personnel
transfer operation
Superintendent transfer
Tool-box meeting to be
Crew not familiar with arranged upon Experienced personnel
transfer procedures embarkation of the STS
in overall supervision
Superintendent
Non-Certified PTB maintenance certificate to
Personnel Transfer be reviewed by the involved
Basket (PTB) parties
Personnel being
transferred to be
equipped with strobe
Ways to evacuate any An emergency response lights in conditions Personnel being transferred to
seriously injured team, including with reduced visibility be dressed appropriately with
personnel to a suitably trained or at night to aid PFDs, together with survival
STS Operations - Emergency means of Rescue boats to be fully recovery in case a
Personnel Transfer to shore-based medical medical support suits where environmental
Suspend any personnel Personnel Injury
Non certified crane for Personnel Transfer recovery to be facility should be members, should be prepared for person falls into the conditions require it
Alternative methods of be conducted through transfer procedures /Fatality
Personnel Transfer by considered designated immediate deployment water
personnel transfer to be the crane which is initiated
Basket discussed certified
Failure or
improper use of
equipment used Alternative methods of
First Assessment with respect
in PTB to the extent of the damage Suspend any personnel Structural Damage
Weather limitations for PTB to be recovered personnel transfer to be
PTB to be established discussed
on the PTB, Crane or Vessel transfer procedures
Adverse metocean
and agreed by the Limit personnel transfers by
conditions involved parties Basket to one, if possible
Timely inform vessel Timely inform Delays
Request Expert advice Contact P&I Club
operators charterers
Defective personnel Brake test to be
PTB to be tested before
transfer equipment conducted before
usage
usage
Personnel transfer area Personnel riding in the
to be clear of Riding techniques to PTB to maintain four
Crane operator to be distractions by be discussed and points of contact
certified and trained
simultaneous agreed by all involved throughout the
operations parties transfer
Personnel transfer area
to be clear of
All relevant procedures Landing/lifting area to
arranged upon distractions by
to be followed as per be clear of any
simultaneous
company policies
Superintendent obstructions operations
 Efficient
Weather suspend communication to be Weather forecast Bridge watch to report
Adverse Weather
Weather thresholds to criteria to have been established between should be monitored in case of weather
Conditions
be monitored agreed at the JPO ships regularly deterioration

Efficient
Both Ships Navigation
Suspension criteria communication to be
Minimum visibility Both vessels’ RAM Lights to be in good
should be agreed at established between
Poor Visibility over one Nautical Mile lights to be functional working condition
the JPO ships

Main deck lighting on

Initial freeboard Efficient
the STBD side of the
Excessive Freeboard difference to allow for communication to be
Mother Vessel to be
unobstructed mooring established between
Difference assessed accordingly
operation ships

Main deck lighting to

be tested 24/48 hours
No blind areas should prior to the
Insufficient Main Deck
exist, nearby mooring commencement of the
Lighting
stations STS Operation

POAC should have The POAC should have

minimum 3 night The POAC should
adequate knowledge
operations during last Crew Training/ STS Efficient Toolbox provide a JPO and RA,
Assistant POAC should of specific STS Agree Communication Initiate actions
Inexperienced POAC three months with Drills/ Assigned roles Meeting with the relevant to the type of
Location Assessment protocols Vessel’s crew to
similar vessel size be considered and responsibilities POAC Operation required by
coordinate with the
SOPEP/VRP as
Mooring Master prior
applicable and initiate MARPOL antipollution
to any action / Switch Assess and isolate the clean-up actions as equipment to be Oil Pollution/Loss of
on all available deck source and size of spill
agreed at the JPO mobilized containment
lights (if needed)

The POAC should have

Minimising The POAC should
adequate knowledge
Complacency due to Crew Training/ STS Efficient Toolbox provide a JPO and RA,
Assistant POAC should of specific STS Agree Communication
Inexperienced Crew overconfidence Drills/ Assigned roles Meeting with the relevant to the type of
through STS training be considered Location Assessment protocols
and responsibilities POAC Operation
Vessel’s crew to Initiate cast off
coordinate with the procedures/Standby
Mooring Master prior First Assessment with tug in order to assist Initiate Ullage
to any action / Switch respect to the extend vessels retain their measurements in Isolate damaged area Structural failure
on all available deck of the damage position nearby tanks
lights

The POAC should have

The POAC should
adequate knowledge
AIS signal to be set in ECDIS/ Radar alarms to provide a JPO and RA,
Both vessels’ RAM of specific STS Agree Communication
Local Traffic Restricted be set for vessels in relevant to the type of
lights to be functional Location Assessment protocols
Manoeuvring vicinity Operation Night Berthing - STS First Aid team to
Operations Notify relevant team to
Vessel’s crew to proceed to the scene
be ready to transfer
coordinate with the of the incident with all
casualty to the ship’s
Mooring Master prior medical equipment in
hospital with Appropriate PPE to be
to any action / Switch case of Personnel Personnel Injury
on all available deck appropriate means worn
Injury
lights

Taking into account

any nearby navigation High/Low Energy
Efficient Tug to be without any hazards, a frequent Tug bollard pull to be Collision
communication to be Vessel engines and sufficient for the
class conditions and ship position fixing to Agree Communication
Lack/Inadequate tugs established between bow/stern thrusters to displacement of
have valid certification be implemented protocols
vessels and tugs be on standby manoeuvring vessel
Vessel’s crew to Monitor weather
coordinate with the conditions and assess
Check proper
Mooring Master prior the deployment of Check and replace any
operation condition of
to any action / Switch additional mooring damaged mooring Mooring line failure
on all available deck all machinery/winch
lines line
lights

External condition of
Fender selection Fender rigging plan the fenders should be
assessment should be should be prepared visually assessed.
Primary fender conducted from both prior to the Latest maintenance
positioning/ Masters and STS commencement of the certificates should be
condition Service Provider STS Vessel’s crew to
provided
coordinate with the Check and replace
Mooring Master prior Request tug assistance damaged equipment,
Suspend/Abort Primary/ Secondary
to any action / Switch in case of primary including any fittings
fender failure
on all available deck fender failure berthing maneuver of both vessels
lights

Back up VHF
Test the
radio/frequencies and
Communications
emergency
means between
communication Vessel’s crew to
vessels before the
means (i.e. whistle) for coordinate with the Sound the fire alarm,
commencement of Emergency Parties to
the entire period of Mooring Master prior Check for Vapor on Inform OOW and
Tool-box meeting to be the operations to provide the bridge
the operation should to any action / Switch Main Deck and initiate advise Engine Room of Fire/ Explosion
arranged upon ensure timely on all available deck with frequent updates the situation
Fail of be agreed with the STS process to stop
embarkation of the STS responses from the lights leakage
Communication Superintendent
Superintendent Master/Vessels

Carry out a Safety

Meeting before
starting the work and
advise Bridge Team
Members of the
Inexperienced STS Officers should Experienced STS
hazards and necessary
Bridge Team undertake ship Superintendent to be
safety precautions
Members handling courses employed

Details of all stages of

the STS operation,
including normal and
emergency procedures,
should be presented
A relevant STS
and analysed to the
Emergency ship’s crew prior to the
Drill/Table-Top operation during the
Lack of Situational Receipt of instructions
Awareness exercise to be carried safety meeting
from POAC
out

Before
berthing/mooring
operations establish
and agree satisfactory
communications
Fatigue of crew, Stress
between Bridge to
Lack of Planning and and Strain due to Work/ Rest hours to be Bridge /
Teamwork prolonged contracts Forecastle-Bridge /
kept as per SMS
Poop deck
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