UNIT 5 VOCABULARY

Define these terms, in orden to study the vocabulary of the lesson. First, in Spanish if you need it and
then try to explain them in English. You can do it with the computer.
1. FLOWER: Are structures that contain the sexual organs of spermatophyte plants.
2. CONDUCTING VESSEL: Are like tubes that transport the sap.
3. BRYOPHYTES: They are non-vascular land plants
a. DIFUSSION: is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration.
b. BUDDING: is an asexual reproduction that consist in a cell that also divides in two cells, but this
time is very different in size.
4. PTERIDOPHYTES: They have roots, an underground stem called rhizome, and leaves called
fronds.
a. FRONDS: the leaves of the pteridophytes.
b. RHIZOME: Is a type of asexual reproduction.
c. SPORES: a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new individual without fusion with
another reproductive cell.
d. PINNAE: any leaflet of a pinnate compound leaf
e. ALTERNATING REPRODUCTION:
i. GAMETOPHYTE: in plants and certain algae, the sexual phase (or an individual representing the
phase) in the alternation of generations
ii. SPOROPHYTE: is the diploid multicellular stage in the life cycle of a plant or alga. It develops
from the zygote produced when a haploid egg cell is fertilized by a haploid sperm and each
sporophyte cell therefore has a double set of chromosomes, one set from each parent.
iii. SORI: in botany, brownish or yellowish cluster of spore-producing structures (sporangia) usually
located on the lower surface of fern leaves.
iv. SPORANGIA: a receptacle in which asexual spores are formed.
5. SPERMATOPHYTES: a plant of a large division that comprises those that bear seeds, including
the gymnosperms and angiosperms.
a. GYMNOSPERMS: are plant that don`t have fruit.
1. EVERGREEN: relating to or denoting a plant that retains green leaves throughout the year.
2. ANEMOPHILOUS POLLINATION: or wind pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen
is distributed by wind. Almost all gymnosperms are anemophilous, as are many plants in the order
Poales, including grasses, sedges, and rushes.
3. UNISEXUAL FLOWER: The flowers which contain only the male or female reproductive organs
are called unisexual flowers
4. CONES: is the part of the reproductive organ in plants belonging to the division Pinophyta or
conifers. Male cones bear pollen are covered with many fertile scales, each of which bears two pollen
sacs.
5. SCALE-LIKE: reduced to a small appressed thing that resembles a scale; "scalelike leaves"
6. ACICULAR: needle shape.
b. ANGIOSPERMS: are plants with fruit.
1. FLESHY FRUIT: fruit with a lot lof liquid.
2. DRY FRUIT: fruit with out liquid.
3. SEED DISPERSAL: is the movement, spread or transport of seeds away from the parent plant.
4. COMPLETE FLOWERS: is composed of four organs attached to the floral stalk by a receptacle.
From the base of the receptacle upward these four organs are the sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.
5. HERMAPHRODITE: a person or animal having both male and female sex organs or other sexual
characteristics, either abnormally or (in the case of some organisms) as the natural condition.
6. UNISEXUAL: which contain only the male or female reproductive organs.
7. INFLORESCENCE: is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main
branch or a complicated arrangement of branches.
6. AUTOTROPHIC: is that it make it own food.
7. PHOTOSYNTHESIS: is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into
chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities.
i. CHLOROPLASTS: A plastid in the cells of green plants and green algae that contains chlorophylls
and carotenoid pigments and creates glucose through photosynthesis.

ii. CHLOROPHYLL: is a pigment present in all green plants and a few other organisms.
iii. PARENCHYMA: is a generalized plant cell type and defined as the functional tissues in all higher
plants.
iv. OCLUSIVE CELLS: is a common painful complication of sickle cell anemia in adolescents and
adults.

8. TRANSPIRATION: is the loss of water from a plant in the form of water vapor. Water is absorbed
by roots from the soil and transported as a liquid to the leaves via xylem.
9. FUNCTION OF
a. ROOTS: that part of a vascular plant normally underground. Its primary functions are anchorage of
the plant, absorption of water and dissolved minerals and conduction of these to the stem, and storage
of reserve foods.
b. STEM: are to support the leaves; to conduct water and minerals to the leaves, where they can be
converted into usable products by photosynthesis; and to transport these products from the leaves to
other parts of the plant, including the roots.
c. LEAVES: The main function of a leaf is to produce food for the plant by photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll, the substance that gives plants their characteristic green colour, absorbs light energy.
d. FLOWERS: is reproduction.
10. TYPES OF
a. ROOTS: prop roots, fibrous roots and tubercular roots.
b. STEM: aquatic, underground, aerial, woody, herbaceous, annual and perenial.
c. FLOWER: complete, incoplete, hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers.
d. LEAVES: Simple, pinnately compound, palmate compound, trifoliate compound, single-veined,
parallel-veined, pinnate, palmate, acicular, lanceolate, elliptic, ovate, hastate, entire, dentate, serrate,
lobed, split and incised.
11. PARTS OF
a. ROOT: secondary roots, collar, main root, absorbent hairs, root cap and growth area.
i. MAIN ROOT: absorbent hairs, root cap and growth area.
ii. COLLAR: secondary and main root.
iii. SECONDARY ROOTS: absorbent hairs.
iv. ROOT CAP:
b. STEM: apical bud, internode, auxilliari bud, node and branch.
i. XYLEM: xylem parenchyma cells, xylem fiber cells, vessels and tracheids.
ii. PHLOEM: sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres, and phloem parenchyma cells.
iii. BUDS:
1. TYPES OF

iv. NODES: axillary bud, internode and petiole.

v. INTERNODES:
c. LEAVES: Simple, pinnately compound, palmate compound, trifoliate compound, single-veined,
parallel-veined, pinnate, palmate, acicular, lanceolate, elliptic, ovate, hastate, entire, dentate, serrate,
lobed, split and incised.
i. BLADE: Simple, pinnately compound, palmate compound and trifoliate compound.
ii. PETIOLE:
iii. NERVES: single-veined, parallel-veined, pinnate and palmate.
iv. UNDERSIDE:
d. FLOWER: complete, incoplete, hermaphrodite and unisexual flowers.
i. COROLLA: Polypetalous and regular, Polypetalous and irregular, Gamopetalous and regular and
Gamopetalous and irregular.
ii. PETALS: Corolla, Sepal and Tepal.
iii. SEPALS:
iv. CALYX: Tabular, Urceolate, Cupulate Infundibuliform, Campanulate, Bilabiate, Spurred and
Pappus
v. STAMENTS:
vi. FILAMENTS: ABS FILAMENT, PETG FILAMENT, PP FILAMENT, CARBON FIBRE
FILAMENT, NYLON FILAMENT, FLEX FILAMENT, HIPS FILAMENT and PVA.
vii. ANTHER: ABS FILAMENT, PETG FILAMENT, PP FILAMENT, CARBON FIBRE
FILAMENT, NYLON FILAMENT, FLEX FILAMENT, HIPS FILAMENT and PVA.
viii. POLLEN SACKS:
ix. PISTIL:
x. STIGMA: stigma associated with mental, stigma associated with physical deformation and stigma
attached to identification with a particular race, ethnicity, religion, ideology, etc.
xii. OVARY:
xiii. OVULES: Anatropous ovule- Gamopetalae members, Hemi-anatropous or hemitropous ovule-
Ranunculus, Campylotropous ovule- Leguminosae, Amphitropous ovule-Allismaceae, and
Butomaceae and Circinotropous ovule-opuntia.
12. STOMATA: Ranunculaceous or Anomocytic, Cruciferous or Anisocytic,

Rubiaceous or Paracytic, Caryophyllaceous or Diacytic, Gramineous and Coniferous Stomata.

13. POLLITATION: Wind and insect pollinitation.
14. FERTILISATION: internal and external fertilization.