First Order

Differential Equation
 Differential Equations
𝑊ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 Differential Equations?
In mathematics, a differential equation is an equation that
relates one or more functions and their derivatives.

𝑊ℎ𝑦 𝑑𝑜 𝑤𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑦 Differential Equations?

It helps us to understand phenomena that involves rate of

change
 Examples of phenomena that involves rate of
change:
1. Spread of disease 9. Brain function
2. Weather and climate 10. Rockets
prediction 11. Tumor growth
3.Traffic flow 12. Radioactive decay
4. Financial markets 13. Airflow across a plane’s wing
5. Population growth 14. Electrical circuits
6. Water pollution 15. Planetary motion
7. Chemical reactions 16. Vibration of guitar strings
8. Suspension bridges
Separable First Order
Differential Equations
𝑑𝑦 𝑥2
• = 2 3
2 =1 +𝑐 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑦
• 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
2
8−1=𝑐
• ‫ 𝑦 ׬‬2 𝑑𝑦 = ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬2 𝑑𝑥 7=𝑐
𝑦3 𝑥3
• = + 𝑐 𝑦 3 = 𝑥 3 + 7 → 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖on
3 3
3 3
• 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑐 → 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
• 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑦 1 = 2
Separable First Order Differential Equations
𝑑𝑦
• = 𝑥𝑦 𝑦 0 =5 1 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1 𝑦= 𝑐𝑒 2
• 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
y
1
• ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬ = 𝑦𝑑 ׬‬
𝑦 5 = 𝑐𝑒 0
𝑥2
• ln 𝑦 = + 𝑐 5=𝑐
2
1 2
ln 𝑦 𝑥 +𝑐
•𝑒 = 𝑒2 1 2
1 2 𝑦= 5𝑒 2𝑥
𝑥 𝑐
•𝑦 = 𝑒 2 ∗𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖on
Give the general and particular solution of the differential equation.
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
• =− 2 0,1
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑒𝑥
𝑥
• 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = − 2 𝑑𝑥 2 −𝑥 2
𝑒𝑥
𝑥
𝑦 =𝑒 +𝑐
• ‫ ׬ = 𝑦𝑑 𝑦 ׬‬− 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥
2 −𝑥 2
−𝑥 2 𝑦 =𝑒 +0
• ‫ ׬ = 𝑦𝑑 𝑦 ׬‬−𝑥 𝑒 𝑑𝑥
𝑦2 1 −𝑥 2
•
2
= 𝑒
2
+𝑐 𝑦 = ± 𝑒 −𝑥 2
𝟐 −𝒙 𝟐
• 𝒚 = 𝒆 + 𝒄 𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
• 1=1+𝑐
•0=𝑐 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Application of Differential
Equations in Life Sciences
Objective:
• At the end of the lesson,
the learner shall be able to solve
situational problems involving:
exponential growth .
 Situational Problems Involving Growth Problems
INTRODUCTION
• When studying a real-world problem, the ability to
recognize the type of mathematical situation it may
adhere to is an advantage.
• Such is the case for so-called exponential growth.
• The following discussion focuses on situations falling
under these categories, where growth is expressed as
a rate of change.
• Hence, the solution is obtained via integration.
 Population Growth Rate (expressed in differential equations)
• Let P denote the population at any time t.
• According to our previous discussion, we discussed the change in the population at
any time.
• Since the derivative quantifies change, the above observation can be expressed
mathematically as
 Population Growth Rate
• Suppose a student carrying a COVID19 virus returns to
school. It is assumed that the rate at which the virus spread
is proportional to the number of students. Determine the
number of infected students after 6 days given that the
number of infected students after 4 days is 60.
P (students) t (days)

1 0
60 4
? 6
Population Growth Rate (general and particular formulas)
•
(particular formula)

(particular formula)
(general formula)
 Population Growth Rate
• Suppose a student carrying a COVID19 virus, returns to
school. It is assumed that the rate at which the virus spread
is proportional to the number of students. Determine the
number of infected students after 6 days given that the
number of infected students after 4 days is 60.

P (students) t (days)
1 0
60 4
? 6
 Practice (notebook):
• In relation to the previous problem, in case the virus was
still not contained in 10 days, what will be the number of
infected individuals be?
Answer:

? 10
Try this example using the formula:
Answer:
Activity: Exit Pass

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