Unit - 2 – Solutions

Section A:
Multiple Choice Questions:

1. The boiling point of an azeotropic mixture of water and ethanol is less than that of water and ethanol.
The mixture shows
(a) no deviation from Raoult’s Law.
(b) positive deviation from Raoult’s Law.
(c) negative deviation from Raoult’s Law.
(d) that the solution is unsaturated.

2. Which of the following aqueous solutions should have the highest boiling point?
(a) 1.0 M NaOH (b) 1.0 M Na2SO4
(c) 1.0 M NH4NO3 (d) 1.0 M KNO3

3. In comparison to a solution of glucose, the depression in freezing point of a 0.01 M MgCl2

solution is___________________
(a) the same (b) about twice
(c) about three times (d) about six times

4. An azeotropic mixture of two liquids boils at a temperature lower than either of them when
a) it is saturated b) it does not deviate from Raoults law
c) it shows positive deviation from Raoults law d) it shows negative deviation from Raoults law

5. A system that forms maximum boiling azeotrope is

(a) ethyl alcohol-water (b) benzene-toluene
(c) acetone-chloroform (d) carbon disulfide-acetone

Read the passage given and answer the questions given:

Scuba divers must cope with high concentrations of dissolved gases while breathing air at high pressure
underwater. Increased pressure increases the solubility of atmospheric gases in blood. When the divers come
towards surface, the pressure gradually decreases. This releases the dissolved gases and leads to the
formation of bubbles of nitrogen in the blood. This blocks capillaries and creates a medical condition known
as bends, which are painful and dangerous to life. To avoid bends, as well as the toxic effects of high
concentrations of nitrogen in the blood, the tanks used by scuba divers are filled with air diluted with helium,
nitrogen, and oxygen.

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 Assertion-reason questions:
In the following questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given.
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.

(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is the correct explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is not the correct explanation for assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement

6. Assertion: Molarity of a solution in liquid state changes with temperature.

Reason: The volume of a solution changes with change in temperature.

7. Assertion: 0.1 M HCl solution has higher osmotic pressure than 0.1 M NaCl solution.
Reason: Cl- ions being common, the small size H+ ions have greater ionic mobility than large
size Na+ ions.

8. Assertion: Lowering of vapour pressure is directly proportional to osmotic pressure of the solution.
Reason: Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.

9. Assertion: Non ideal solutions always form azeotropes.

Reason: Boiling point of azeotrope may be higher or lower than boiling points of both
components.

10. Assertion: Out of various colligative properties, osmotic pressure is used for determination of
molecular masses of polymers.
Reason: Polymer solutions do not possess a constant boiling point or freezing point.

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 Section B: Answer the following:
11. State the similarity between Raoult’s law and Henry’s law.
12. Define an ideal solution and write one of its characteristics.
13. Define Ebullioscopic constant.
14. Define the terms ‘osmosis’ and ‘osmotic pressure’. What is the advantage of using osmotic pressure as
compared to other colligative properties for the determination of molar masses of solutes in solutions?
15. Two liquids A and B form ideal solutions. At 300 K, the vapour pressure of solution containing 1 mole
of A and 3 mole of B is 550mm Hg. At the same temperature, if one more mole of B is added to this
solution, the vapour pressure of the solution increases by 10 mm Hg. Determine the vapour pressure of
A and B in their pure states.
16. Henrys law constant for a solution of methane in benzene at 298K is 4.27 x 105 mm Hg.
Calculate the solubility of methane in benzene at 298 K under 760 mm Hg.
17. What mass of ethylene glycol (molar mass = 62.0 g mol-1) must be added to 5.50 kg of water to lower
the freezing point of water from 0 to – 10.0°0 (kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1). Calculate the boiling
point of a solution when 2 g of Na2SO4 (M = 142 g/mol) was dissolved in 50 g of water, assuming
Na2SO4 undergoes complete dissociation.
18. 2 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 25 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point equal to
1.62 K. Molal depression constant for benzene is 4.9 K kg /mol. What is the percentage
association of the acid if it forms dimer in solution?
19. 15.0 g of an unknown molecular material was dissolved in 450 g of water. The resulting solution was
found to freeze at – 0.34°C. What is the molar mass of this material? (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
20. Calculate the mass of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, ) to be dissolved in 75 g of acetic acid to lower
its melting point by 1.5 0 C. Kf = 3.9 K kg/mol.

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 Unit -3 – Electrochemistry

Section A:
I] Multiple Choice Questions:
1. The charge required for the reduction of 1 mol of MnO4– to MnO2 is
(a) 1 F
(b) 3 F
(c) 5 F
(d) 6 F

2. The difference between electrode potentials of two electrodes when no current is drawn
through the cell is ___________________
(a) cell potential (b) EMF
(c) potential difference (d) Cell voltage

3. Aqueous NaCl on electrolysis gives ………….. on cathode.

(a) Chlorine
(b) Sodium
(c) Sodium amalgam
(d) Hydrogen

4. An electrochemical cell can behave like an electrolytic cell when

(a) Ecell = 0 (b) Ecell > E ext (c) Eext > E cell (d) Ecell = E ext

5. The standard electrode potentials for the half cell reactions are:
Zn → Zn2-– 2e– E° = 0.76 V
Fe → Fe2- + 2– E° = -0.41 V
The emf of the cell reaction
Fe2- + Zn → Zn2- + Fe is
(a) -0.35 V
(b) +0.35 V
(c) -1.17 V
(d) +1.17 V

II] Read the given passage and answer the questions based on passage and related concepts studied
The conductivity or specific conductivity of an electrolytic solution varies with the concentration of the
solutions of different electrolytes. For comparing the conductances of the solutions of different electrolytes, it
is essential that the solutions should have equal volumes and they must contain definite amount of the
electrolytes which give ions carrying the same total charge. The conducting power of an electrolytic solution
can be expressed in terms of equivalent conductance and molar conductance. The equivalent conductance of a
solution does not vary linearly with concentration and it is related with specific conductance. The effect of
equivalent conductance can be studied by plotting values against the square root of the concentration.
Following two figures show the behaviour of strong and weak electrolytes with change of concentration.

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