MATHEMATICS 10│ FIRST QUARTER: WEEK 5 MODULE 10

Solve Problems Involving Sequences

Thus, Liza spent 110 minutes on her 20th walking week.
By the rule, Liza spent 1 hour and 50 minutes in walking during
the 20th week.
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
At the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to: What is the total number of minutes spent by Lisa in walking since
1. use the rule of an arithmetic sequence in solving related Week 1 to Week 10? How did you obtain the value?
problems; and The total time spent by Liza from Week 1 to Week 10 of
2. apply the concept of arithmetic sequences in doing doing the walking exercise can be found by simply adding the
practical tasks. weekly time elapsed.
WHAT’S IN Week 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th Total
A sequence is a series of numbers in a definite order Time 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 375
and specific connection. Each number is called a term. When
each term after the first is obtained by adding a nonzero constant, However, the addition process is good only for a sequence with
the sequence is an arithmetic sequence. The nonzero constant a limited number of terms. When dealing with sequences
is called the common difference. involving many terms, adding all the terms becomes more
The general formula for arithmetic sequence is defined by tedious. Hence, a rule is derived. The sum of the first n terms of
an arithmetic sequence, denoted by 𝑆𝑛 , is given by,
𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅 𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏 )
𝟐
where 𝒂𝒏 is the nth term, 𝒂𝟏 is the first term, 𝒏 is the number of
or its alternative
terms, and 𝒅 is the common difference. This rule applies when 𝑛
finding the 1st and the nth terms, the number of terms, the 𝑆𝑛 = {𝑎1 + 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑} Substitute 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 for 𝑎𝑛 .
2
arithmetic means and the common difference.
𝒏
WHAT IS IT 𝑺𝒏 = {𝟐𝒂𝟏 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅}. Simplify by combining like terms.
𝟐
Situation: Liza loves walking as a form of exercise to stay healthy
and fit. She spent 15 minutes on her first week of doing the Note:
routine. Each week thereafter, she added 5 minutes to her walking
time.
The alternative formula is useful when 𝑎𝑛 is not known.
A. What was Liza’s walking time on the 10th week?
C. To sum up the time that Liza spent in walking for 10
B. on the 20th week?
weeks, we solve it using any of the two formulas.
C. What is the total number of minutes spent by Liza in walking
1.
since Week 1 to Week 10? How did you obtain the value?
Solve for: 𝑆10
Solutions and Discussions Given: 𝑎1 = 15
Recall that the time that Liza spent while walking in the 10 th 𝑎𝑛 = 60
week can also be found using the general formula for arithmetic 𝑛 = 10
sequence. Take note that the nth term of an arithmetic sequence Solution
is given by the rule, 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅, where 𝑎𝑛 is the nth term, 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 ) If 𝑎1 & 𝑎𝑟 are known
𝑎1 is the first term, 𝑛 is the number of terms, and 𝑑 is the common 2
10
difference 𝑆10 = (15 + 60) Substitute the values from the given
2
A. Using the rule, the time that Liza spent on her 10 th walking 10
𝑆10 = (75) 75 is obtained by adding 15 & 60
week is given by: 2
Solve for: 𝑎10 𝑆10 = 375 Multiplying 10 by 75 and dividing the
Given: 𝑎1 = 15 product by 2 yields 375
𝑛 = 10 Liza had spent 375 minutes for 10 consecutive weeks.
𝑑=5 2. By alternative formula
Solution:
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 The alternative formula also applies since the values for 𝑎1 , 𝑛
and 𝑑 are also known. By that formula,
𝑎10 = 15 + (10 − 1)5 Substitute the values from the given
𝑎10 = 15 + (9)5 9 is obtained by subtracting 1 from 10 Solve for: 𝑆10 Find 𝑆10 as the total time elapsed for
Liza’s walking exercise from Week 1 to
𝑎10 = 15 + 45 Then 45 is obtained by multiplying 9 & 5 Week 10.
Given: 𝑎1 = 15
𝑎10 = 60 Add 15 and 45 to get 60.
𝑎𝑛 = 60
Therefore, Liza spent 60 minutes on her 10th walking week. 𝑛 = 10
n
B. During the 20th week, the time that Liza spent in walking is Sn = {2a1 + (n − 1)d} The general formula for the sum of
2
shown below: the first n terms of an arithmetic
Solve for: 𝑎20 The 20th week walking time of Liza. sequence where both 𝑎𝑛 is
Given: 𝑎1 = 15 unknown.
𝑛 = 20 10
S10 = {2(15) + (10 − 1)5} Substitute the from the given.
2
𝑑=5 10
Solution: S10 = {30 + (9)5} 9 is obtained by subtracting 1
2
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 General formula for arithmetic from 10
sequence 10
S10 = {30 + 45} then 45 is obtained by
2
𝑎20 = 15 + (20 − 1)5 Substitute values from the given
multiplying 9 and 5
𝑎20 = 15 + (19)5 Subtracting 1 from 20 gives 19 10
𝑆10 = (75) Add 30 and 45 to get 75
2
𝑎20 = 15 + 95 Multiplying 19 & 5 gives 95 𝑆10 = 375 Multiply 10 by 75 to get 750 and
𝑎20 = 110 Performing addition 15 & 95 yields 110 divide this product by 2.

1
MATHEMATICS 10│ FIRST QUARTER: WEEK 5 MODULE 10
Solve Problems Involving Sequences
Therefore, Lisa spent 375 minutes since the 1st until the 10th 4 8 𝑥 2 = 16 minute, then two persons can
week of doing the walking exercise. 5 16 𝑥 2 = 32 send the message to four others,
32 𝑥 2 = 64 and so on.
WHAT’S MORE 6
A vendor has sold 100 kg of fruits on the first day, 250 7 64 𝑥 2 = 128
kg on the second and 400 kg on the third. Suppose that the 8 128 𝑥 2 = 256
increase of the vendor’s sale is consistent, complete the table 9 256 𝑥 2 = 512
below and answer the questions given. 10 512 𝑥 2
Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 = 1 024
Based on the table under Question A, the sequence
Sale 100 250 400 formed of the number of persons who received the message after
every minute is
Show your solution: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1 024.
1. What is the number of the increase of his sale every day? Notice that each term after the first is found by
2. In what day will he be able to vend 1,000 kg of fruits? multiplying a constant 2 to its preceding term.
3. How much is the total sale from 1st day to the 5th day if
the amount of every kilo is Php 25.00? Note:
That this number can also be derived using the general
Copy and complete the solution: formula for geometric sequence.
Solve for: 𝑛
Given: 𝑎1 = ? B. Recall that the nth term of a geometric sequence is given by
𝑎𝑛 = 1000 the rule, 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 𝒓𝒏−𝟏 , where 𝑎𝑛 is the nth term, 𝑎1 is the first term,
𝑑= ? 𝑟 is the common ratio and 𝑛 is the number of terms. By this rule,
the number of persons who heard the same message in the tenth
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 General formula of minute can be found using this rule.
Arithmetic Sequence Solve for: 𝑎10 Number of persons who received
1000 = ? +(𝑛 − 1)150 Value of 𝑎1 the message during the 10th
minute of the game.
1000 = 100 + ? 𝑛 − 150 Apply Given: 𝑎1 = 2
distributive property of equality 𝑛 = 10
1050 = 150𝑛 Apply addition property of 𝑟=2
equality
? 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 The general formula for geometric sequence
𝑛= Apply multiplication property
of equality
𝑎10 = 2(2)10−1 Substitute the given values

𝑎10 = 2(2)9 Get the difference of 10 and 1 in the

exponent to get the exponent of 9.
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
At the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to: 𝑎10 = 210 Apply the Product Law of Exponents in
1. solve problems involving geometric sequences; and multiplying 2 and 29 to get 210 .
2. apply the concept of geometric sequences in dealing with
real-life situations. 𝑎10 = 1 024 Simplify 210 as
2(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2).
WHAT’S IN
Any sequence by which each term after the first is Thus, the 10th term of the geometric sequence whose first term,
obtained by multiplying the preceding term by a nonzero constant 𝑎1 , is 2 and the common ratio, 𝑟, is 2 is 1,024. This means that
is called a geometric sequence. The nonzero constant is the there are 1,024 individuals who are informed during the 10 th
common ratio. Given two consecutive terms of the geometric minute of the message relay.
sequence, the common ratio is computed by dividing the term by
C. The number of minutes needed to let the 254 individuals
its preceding term.
know the message can be determined by using a different rule
WHAT’S NEW for geometric series. The sum of the first n terms of a geometric
Situation: In a game, each player has to relay the same message sequence for 𝒓 ≠ 𝟏 is given by the rule,
to two persons in a minute. Starting off with the first player, Jen. 𝒂𝟏 − 𝒂𝟏 𝒓𝒏
A. How long will the message be passed on to all other 254 𝑺𝒏 =
individuals? 𝟏−𝒓
B. How many persons received the same message in the where 𝑆𝑛 is the sum of the first n terms of a geometric series, 𝑎1
10th minute? is the first term, 𝑟 is the common ratio and 𝑛 is the number of
C. How long does the message reach 254 persons from terms.
Jen? Solve for: 𝑛 Look for the number of minutes
Solutions and Discussion needed to inform all of the 254
A. individuals denoted by 𝑛.
Time (in No. of Discussion
Given: 𝑎1 = 2, 𝑟 = 2, 𝑆𝑛 = 254
minutes) Persons
1 1𝑥2=2 After one minute, Jen has told the 𝑎1 −𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = The formula for the sum of the first n
message to two other persons. 1−𝑟
terms of a geometric sequence when
2 2𝑥2=4 If one person can relay the 𝑎 −𝑎 𝑟 𝑛
message to two persons in one 𝑟 ≠ 1 is 𝑆𝑛 = 1 1 .
3 4𝑥2=8 1−𝑟

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 MATHEMATICS 10│ FIRST QUARTER: WEEK 5 MODULE 10
Solve Problems Involving Sequences
2−2(2𝑛 ) square by another set of fences, thus, forming a smaller square
254 = Substitute the values for 𝑎1 , 𝑟, and
1−2 garden within the original one. She continues to do the same until
𝑆𝑛 in the rule such that 𝑎1 = 2, 𝑟 = 2
the fourth square is formed. If the original square has an area of
and 𝑆𝑛 = 254. 256 square meters, what is the area of the smallest square?
2−2(2𝑛 )
254 = Simplifying the denominator by getting
−1
the difference between 1 and 2.
−256 = 2 − 2(2𝑛 ) Apply the Multiplication property of WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
Equality by multiply both sides by –1. At the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
−256 = −2(2𝑛 ) By the Addition property of Equality, 1. identify a harmonic sequence;
add both sides by –2. 2. contrast harmonic sequence from arithmetic and
geometric sequences; and
128 = 2𝑛 By the Multiplication Property of 3. use the rule of an arithmetic sequence in solving
Equality, multiply both sides of the problems involving harmonic sequence.
1
equality by − .
2 WHAT’S IN
27 = 2𝑛 Express 128 to exponential form with Take the reciprocals of the terms in each sequence, and
the base 2 to have the same base identify the sequence formed by these reciprocals as
from both sides. arithmetic, geometric or neither.
7=𝑛 By the Property of Equivalent
Exponents, the exponents of equal 1. 4.
bases from both sides of the equality
are also equal.
This means that 254 individuals will be informed about 2. 5.
the message within 7 minutes given that each person can relay
the same message to 2 individuals in one minute. 3.
WHAT’S MORE
Solutions and Discussions
I. Read the situation and complete the solution by supplying the 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
missing terms inside the boxes. 1. , , , ,
𝟐 𝟓 𝟖 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟒
Situation: The servant who invented the game of chess for his The reciprocals of the terms form a sequence 2, 5, 8, 11, 14.
Persian king had the opportunity to decide on his reward. He Because of the common difference between any two consecutive
wanted to collect grains of wheat in exchange of what he did. He terms, these reciprocals form an arithmetic sequence.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
further asked to place the grains on the squares of the chessboard 2. , , , ,
𝟑 𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟒, 𝟒𝟖
in such a way that each square should have double the number
The terms of the sequence give the reciprocals 3, 6, 12, 24, 48.
of grains than the square before it. And so, the king agreed to put
Notice that each the ratio between any two consecutive terms of
one grain of wheat on the first square, 2 grains on the second, 4
the reciprocals is common which is equal to 2. Hence, these
grains on the third, 8 grains on the fourth, and so on. How many
reciprocals form a geometric sequence
grains of wheat will the servant gather from the first 20 squares of 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
the chessboard? 3. 𝟏, , , ,
𝟐 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔
The terms of the sequence give the reciprocals 1, 2, 4, 5, 6.
Solve for: 𝑆20 Total number of wheat grains to gather Observe that not all the differences nor the ratios between any
from the first 20 squares of the consecutive terms are equal. Thus, the sequence formed by the
chessboard. reciprocals is neither arithmetic nor geometric.
Given: 𝑎1 = 1
𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 𝟕
8 4 2 4.
𝟒
, 𝟏, 𝟒 , 𝟐 , 𝟒
𝑟= = = =2 𝟒 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
4 2 1 The reciprocals of the terms form a sequence , 𝟏, 𝟓 , 𝟑 , 𝟕.
𝟑
𝑛= ? Because of unequal differences and unequal ratios between any
two consecutive terms of the sequence formed by the
𝑎1 −𝑎1 𝑟𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = The formula for the sum of the first n reciprocals, it is neither arithmetic nor geometric.
1−𝑟
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟔
terms of a geometric sequence 5. , , , ,
𝟒 𝟑 𝟓 𝟔 𝟕
1(1−220 ) 𝟓 𝟔 𝟕
𝑆20 = Substitute the given The reciprocals of the terms form a sequence 𝟒, 𝟑, , , which
𝟑 𝟓 𝟔
?
does not resemble either an arithmetic or geometric sequence.
1(1−1,048,576)
𝑆20 = Simplify 220 to get 1,048,576. Also,
? What is harmonic sequence?
subtract the denominator A harmonic sequence is a sequence formed by the
𝑆20 = ? Perform the indicated operation by reciprocals of the terms of an arithmetic sequence.
getting the difference of 1 and 1,048,576 WHAT’S NEW
which is –1,048,575. Multiplying this Situation: Lina bought one kilogram of ground beef for breakfast.
difference by 1 and dividing the product 𝟏 𝟏
by –1. To make bola-bola out of it, she also needs kg of flour, kg
𝟐 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏
II. Consider the situation below. Apply the concept on geometric potato, kg carrot, and kg of onion.
𝟒 𝟓
sequence to answer it. Draw the figure and write every detail of Solutions and Discussion
your solution.
A. Is the sequence Arithmetic?
Linda is fencing her square garden in the farm. To plant The sequence formed by the different ingredients is
a variety of vegetables, she decided to divide the area into smaller 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
1, , , , .
squares by connecting the midpoint of each side of the original 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓

3
MATHEMATICS 10│ FIRST QUARTER: WEEK 5 MODULE 10
Solve Problems Involving Sequences
If the sequence is arithmetic, then the differences 2(8)(12)
𝐻= Substitute the given values
between any two consecutive terms must be common. To check: 8+12
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 192
−𝟏= − Equate the differences of any two 𝐻= 192 is obtained by multiplying 2, 8 and
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 20
consecutive terms 12.20 is obtained by adding 8 and 12
𝟏−𝟐 𝟐−𝟑
= Find equivalent fractions for both 𝐻=
48
Obtained by dividing both 192 and 20
𝟐 𝟔 5
sides by using the Least Common by its Greatest Common Factor which
Denominator is 4.
𝟏 𝟏
− ≠− Subtract the numerators This means that the harmonic sequence between 8
𝟐 𝟔
𝟒𝟖
Since the differences are not equal, the sequence is NOT and 12 is .
𝟓
ARITHMETIC. The harmonic mean of three numbers 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 is
defined by the rule,
B.
Is the sequence geometric? 𝟑𝒙𝒚𝒛
For the sequence to be geometric, then the ratios 𝑯= .
𝒚𝒛+𝒙𝒛+𝒙𝒚
between any two consecutive terms are equal. To check: 𝟐 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 Example 2. What is the 9th term of the sequence 𝟐, 𝟏, , , …?
𝟑 𝟐
𝟐 𝟑 1 3
= 𝟏 Equate the ratios of any two Solution: The reciprocals are , 1, , 2, …. The reciprocals form an
𝟏 2 2
𝟐 1
consecutive terms arithmetic sequence each of which is obtained by adding to the
2
1
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 preceding term. Thus, the common difference is .
( ) = ( ) Multiply each numerator by the 2
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 Solve for: 𝑎9
reciprocal of its denominator 2 1
Given: 2, 1, , , …
𝟏 𝟐 3 2
≠ Multiply both numerators and both 1 1
𝟐 𝟑 𝑎1 = , 𝑑 = , 𝑛 = 9
denominators 2 2
Since the ratios are unequal, the sequence is NOT
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ninth term or 𝑎9 of the related
arithmetic sequence.
A. Get the reciprocal of each term in the sequence. 1 1
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝑎9 = + (9 − 1) ( ) by substitution
2 2
The sequence is 1, , , , and the reciprocals of its terms
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 1 1
are , , , , which can be simplified into 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 𝑎9 = + 4 Simplify (9 − 1) ( ) by multiplying the
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 2 2
1
The sequence 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is formed by the reciprocals. To difference of 9 and to get 4.
2
check whether it is arithmetic or geometric, the processes in 1+8
𝑎9 = Getting equivalent fractions through
answering Questions 1 and 2 should also be performed. For the 2
sequence to be arithmetic, then the differences between any two the Least Common Denominator.
consecutive terms must be equal, that is, 9
𝑎9 = Add the numerators. The result is the ninth
2
4−3=5−4 Equate the differences of any two term of the related arithmetic sequence.
consecutive terms To find the ninth term of the harmonic sequence, simply get
9
1=1 Find the difference the reciprocal of . Thus, the ninth term of the harmonic sequence
2
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
The differences between any two consecutive terms are 2, 1, , , … is .
𝟑 𝟐 𝟗
common, hence, the sequence formed by the reciprocals is an
arithmetic sequence. And since it is confirmed to be arithmetic, The harmonic mean of two positive numbers a and b is
then there is no need to check if it is geometric or not. defined by the rule,
𝟐𝒙𝒚
𝑯= ,
If the pattern continues, what do you think is the 20 th term
B. 𝒙+𝒚
of the original sequence? the quotient of twice the product of a and b and the sum of a
If the pattern continues, then the sequence should have and b.
the next terms as follows:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 WHAT’S MORE
1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Directions: Choose the correct answer of the following.
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔 𝟕 𝟖 𝟗 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟗 𝟐𝟎
…. 1. The first two terms of a harmonic sequence are −
𝟏
and
𝟑𝟎
𝟏 𝟏
Notice that the 20th term is . − . What is the sum of the next three terms?
𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟓
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟐
a. − c. −
𝟔𝟎 𝟔𝟎
Note: 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟐
There is no rule for the nth term and the sum of the first n terms of b. d.
𝟔𝟎 𝟔𝟎
a harmonic sequence. Because of this, problems involving these
sequences are dealt in terms of the related arithmetic sequence. 2. What is the sum of the reciprocals of the first ten terms of
counting numbers?
Example 1. Find the harmonic mean between 8 and 12. 𝟕𝟑𝟒𝟏 𝟕𝟗𝟕𝟏
a. c.
𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟓𝟐𝟎
Solution: 𝟕𝟑𝟓𝟏 𝟕𝟑𝟖𝟏
Solve for: 𝐻 b. d.
𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝟐𝟓𝟐𝟎
Given: 𝑥 = 8 and 𝑦 = 12 3. What term of the harmonic sequence whose second and
𝟏 𝟏
Solution: fourth terms are respectively, and is undefined?
2𝑥𝑦 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟐
𝐻= Harmonic mean of two positive a. 15 c. 17
𝑥+𝑦
numbers b. 16 d. 20

4
MATHEMATICS 10│ FIRST QUARTER: WEEK 5 MODULE 10
Solve Problems Involving Sequences
𝟏 𝟏 6. If the pattern continues, what do you think is the next three
4. What must be the three terms in between and to form
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟏𝟐 terms?
a harmonic sequence of five terms?
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
a. , , c. , , Solutions and Discussion
𝟏𝟐𝟖 𝟏𝟓𝟔 𝟏𝟖𝟒 𝟏𝟐𝟗 𝟏𝟐𝟏 𝟏𝟖𝟔
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 1. The number of Ben’s marbles on the holes form the sequence
b. , , d. , , is 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55.
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟖 𝟐𝟖 𝟏𝟔 𝟗
2. To see if the sequence formed is arithmetic, check if the
5. What is the product of the first two terms of the related differences between any two consecutive terms are the same
harmonic sequence of an arithmetic sequence whose fifth or common. That is,
and eighth terms are 6 and 15, respectively?
𝟏𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 − 𝟏 = 𝟎; 𝟐 − 𝟏 = 𝟏; 𝟑 − 𝟐 = 𝟏; 𝟓 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 .
a. c. Since the differences of any two consecutive terms are
𝟔𝟎 𝟏𝟖
𝟑 𝟏 different, the sequence is NOT ARITHMETIC.
b. d.
𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟔
To check if the sequence is a geometric sequence, simply get the
ratios of any two consecutive terms of the sequence. That is,
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
=𝟏 ; =𝟐 ; = 𝟏. 𝟓
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
Since the ratios are not equal, the sequence is NOT A
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE.
At the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to: 3. The sequence is harmonic if the reciprocals of its terms form an
1. compare Fibonacci sequence to other sequences; arithmetic sequence. And the reciprocals of the terms of the
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
2. solve problems involving Fibonacci sequence; and sequence are 𝟏, 𝟏, , , , , , , .
𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟖 𝟏𝟑 𝟐𝟏 𝟓𝟓
3. relate Fibonacci sequence to nature. By examining and comparing the differences between any
two terms of the reciprocals, observe that the differences of the
WHAT’S IN first two terms, 1 − 1, and the third and the second terms, (2 − 1),
Activity A are not equal. That is,
Consider the sequence 4, 4, 8, 12, 20, 32, 52, 84, 136. 1 − 1 = 0 and 2 − 1 = 1.
Observe the pattern and you discuss about it. Hence, the sequence is NOT A HARMONIC SEQUENCE.
The first two terms are both 4. The third term is 8 and it 4. To add any two consecutive terms of the sequence:
is the sum of the first two terms. The fourth term is 12 which is the 1+1=2 5 + 8 = 13
sum of 4 and 8. The fifth term s 20 which is the sum of 8 and 12. 1+2=3 8 + 13 = 21
The pattern continues until the last term, 136, is found. The last 2+3=5 13 + 21 = 34
term is the sum of its two preceding terms 52 and 84. 3+5=8 21 + 34 = 55
What is a Fibonacci sequence? Notice that the sums are also the consecutive terms of the
sequence.
A Fibonacci sequence is a sequence whose first two
5. As observed in the answers in Question 5, the term is simply
terms are either 0 and 1 or both 1, and each term after the first is
the sum of the
obtained by adding its two preceding terms.
two terms that precede it.
Consider the sequence 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34….
Notice that the first two terms of this sequence are either 0 and 1. 6. Following the same pattern, the next three terms should be:
Observe each of the terms after 0 is determined and dependent 34 + 55 = 89 55 + 89 = 144 89 + 144 = 233
upon its two preceding terms, as shown in the following table:
WHAT IS IT
Example 1. What is the eleventh term of a Fibonacci
nth term Process/Operation Discussion sequence with 0 and 1 as the first two terms.
First 0 Given
Second 1 Given Solution:
Third 1+0=1 Add the first two terms As mentioned, each term of a Fibonacci sequence,
Add the second and except for the first, is determined by adding the next two terms
Fourth 1+1=2 before it. The sequence above provides the first ten terms of a
the third terms
Add the third and the Fibonacci sequence with first term 0 and second term 1. Thus, to
Fifth 1+2=3 find the eleventh term, simply add the ninth term and the tenth
fourth terms
Sixth 2+3=5 term as its two preceding terms. Hence,
Add the fourth and the 21 + 34 = 55.
. .
fifth terms
. . Thus, the tenth term of a Fibonacci sequence whose
and so on
. . first two terms are 0 and 1 is 55.
The sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, … is also a Fibonacci
WHAT’S NEW sequence whose first two terms are both 1.
Situation: Ben digs ten holes for his marble collection. Out of
curiosity, his cousin, Alan, seeks for them and finds out how Ben Example 2. What is the eleventh term of a Fibonacci
has arranged his marbles. One marble is in the first hole, 1 marble sequence if the first two terms are both 1?
in the second, 2 marbles in the third, 3 marbles on the fourth, 5 Solution:
marbles on the fifth, 8 on the sixth and so on.
nth term Process/Operation Discussion
First 1 Given
1. Write down the sequence.
2. Is the sequence arithmetic? Is it geometric? second 1 Given
3. Check if the sequence is harmonic.
Third 1+1=2 Add the first two terms
4. Add the two consecutive terms of the sequence. What do you
notice with the sums? Add the second and the
Fourth 1+2=3
third terms
5. How do you relate the term and its two preceding terms?

5
MATHEMATICS 10│ FIRST QUARTER: WEEK 5 MODULE 10
Solve Problems Involving Sequences

Fifth 2+3=5
Add the third and the increase for every shirt remains constant, how much will Joe
fourth terms pay for all the shirts he is planning to purchase?
Add the fourth and the a. Php 27,332.52 c. Php 28,221
Sixth 3+5=8
fifth terms b. Php 27,583.90 d. Php 28,332.52
Add the fifth and sixth
Seventh 5 + 8 = 13 10. Jona drops a ball from height of 20 meters and observes what
terms
Add the sixth and the happens. She then notices that the ball consistently rebounds
Eighth 8 + 13 = 21
seventh terms one-half of the distance covered while falling. How high will
Add the seventh and the the ball reach during its fourth rebound?
Ninth 13 + 21 = 34
eighth terms a. 1.05m c. 1.25m
Add the eighth and the b. 1.12m d. 1.30m
Tenth 21 + 34 = 55
ninth terms 𝟑 𝟓 𝟕 𝟗
Add the ninth and the 11. The first five terms of an arithmetic sequence are , , ,
Eleventh 34 + 55 = 89 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
tenth terms 𝟏𝟏
Thus, the eleventh term of the Fibonacci sequence and . What are the first five terms of the related harmonic
𝟒
having both 1 as the first two terms is 89. Notice that 55 is the sequence?
tenth term of the sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5,… while it is the eleventh 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟒
a. , , , , c. , , , ,
of the sequence 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, …. 𝟑 𝟓 𝟕 𝟗 𝟏𝟏
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝟑
𝟒
𝟓 𝟕 𝟗
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝟏𝟏
The previous examples give the idea that the very simple b. , , , , d. , , , ,
𝟑 𝟓 𝟕 𝟗 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟗 𝟕 𝟓 𝟑
rule to obtain the nth term of a Fibonacci sequence is only to add 12. The arithmetic sequence has 30 as the twelfth term and 5 as
its two preceding terms. Also, there is no specific rule on how to the seventh term. How many terms are in between the first
get the sum of its first n terms. This means that if one is interested and the undefined terms of its related harmonic sequence?
in getting the sum of the first five terms of this sequence, just add a. 1 c. 4
all the first five terms. b. 2 d. 6
13. The fish vendor sold 8 kg of fish on his very first hour of
ASSESSMENT retailing, 13 kg on the second hour, 21 kg on the third, and
Directions: Read, analyze and choose the letter of the so on. How many kilograms did he sell after spending 5
correct answer. hours in the marketplace?
1. A snail is crawling towards the riverbank, if it moves 3.5 units a. 121 kg c. 131 kg
per minute, how long will it take for the snail to reach the b. 127 kg d. 140 kg
riverbank that is 45.5 units from where it started? 14. A laborer gathers 1 cluster of firewood on the first hour of
a. 10 c. 12 working, another cluster on the second hour, 2 clusters on
b. 11 d. 13 the third hour, and so on. How many clusters of firewood will
2. Shen borrowed Ᵽ8,000 at 7.5% simple interest rate for 5 he gather after the sixth hour?
years, how much is the interest every year? a. 3 c. 10
a. Php 600 c. Php 700 b. 8 d. 11
b. Php 650 d. Php 800 15. Mar collected the sunflower seeds from his garden. He found
3. How long will Ᵽ12,000 accumulate to Ᵽ23,520 when out that the seeds are properly coiled in such a way that in
invested at 12% annual simple interest? the first layer, she was able to gather 21 seeds. The second
a. 5 c. 9 layer contained 34 seeds and the third layer produced 55
b. 8 d. 10 seeds. If the pattern on the number of seeds in the first three
4. In the song, Twelve Days of Christmas, her true love gave layers continues, how many seeds are there in the sixth
her one gift on the first day, 2 gifts on the second, three gifts layer?
on the third, and so on. How many gifts did she receive? a. 222 c. 203
a. 68 c. 78 b. 223 d. 233
b. 77 d. 80
5. The age gap among three siblings is 5 years. The sum of their
ages is 66, how old is the oldest five years later?
a. 30 c. 35
b. 32 d. 38
6. What is the compound amount after 3 years if Ᵽ25,000 is
invested at 12.5% converted annually?
a. Php 28,600.80 c. Php 35,595.70
b. Php 29,657.90 d. Php 35,879.00
7. Jen accidentally drops her Ping-Pong ball from a height of 4.5
feet. The ball bounces up and down. During its rebounds, it
𝟏
constantly reaches of the distance covered when falling.
𝟑
How far does the ball travel after reaching the top of its fourth
rebound?
𝟖𝟎 𝟖𝟎
a. c.
𝟗 𝟑
𝟖𝟎 𝟖𝟎
b. d.
𝟔 𝟐
8. The bacteria double their numbers after half an hour. If
initially, there are 8 150 bacteria of this kind are present in
the laboratory, what will be their number after three hours?
a. 511,550 c. 521,890
b. 521,600 d. 525,400
9. Joe plans to buy 10 different shirts. If Shirt A costs ₱250, Shirt
B is worth ₱375 and Shirt C is ₱562.50. If the rate of price

6
MATHEMATICS 10│ FIRST QUARTER: WEEK 5 MODULE 10
Solve Problems Involving Sequences
ANSWER KEY

Lesson 1: WHAT’S MORE

Complete the table
Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Sale 1150 1300 1450

100 250 400 550 700 850 1000

Show your solution:

1. What is the number of the increase of his sale every
day?
Answer: 150
2. In what day will he be able to vend 1,000 kg of fruits?
Answer: 7
3. How much is the total sale from 1st day to the 5th day
if the amount of every kilo is Php 25.00?
Answer: Php 50,000.00

Solve for: n
Given: 𝑎1 = 100
𝑎𝑛 = 1000
𝑑 = 150

𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 General formula of Arithmetic

Sequence

1000 = 100 +(𝑛 − 1)150 Value of 𝑎1

150 +
1000 = 100 𝑛 − 150 Apply distributive
property of equality
1050 = 150𝑛 Apply addition property of
equality 7
𝑛= Apply multiplication property of
equality

Lesson 2: WHAT’S MORE

Solve for: 𝑆20 Total number of wheat grains to
gather from the first 20 squares of the
chessboard.
Given: 𝑎1 = 1
8 4 2
𝑟= = = =2
4 2 1
𝑛 = 20

𝑎1 −𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = The formula for the sum of the first n
1−𝑟
terms of a geometric sequence
1(1−220 )
𝑆20 = Substitute the given
𝟏−𝟐

1(1−1,048,576)
𝑆20 = Simplify 220 to get 1,048,576. Also,
−𝟏 subtract the denominator

𝑆20 = 𝟏,048,575 Perform the indicated operation by

getting the difference of 1 and
1,048,576 which is –1,048,575.
Multiplying this difference by 1 and
dividing the product by –1.

Lesson 3: WHAT’S MORE

1. a
2. d
3. b
4. a
5. c