Name: ILFANI ADIRA

NIM: 2030104026

Class: TBI 4A

SPEECH PREPARATION

A. Purpose/Audiences/Topic
1. Audiences

Audience is a person who listens or become the recipient of information in speech

activities. Your audiences in-fluences the topic you choose and every later step of the
speechmaking process. Gather and analyze information about your audience, such as
approximately how old they are and the percentages of men and women. To determine other,
less obvious information you might need to ask them questions or design a short
questionnaire. Consider the culturally diverse background of your audience, you need
give speeches in foreign countries the importances of adapting to different cultural
expectation of individual audience members. For example: it is impossible for us to give a
speech in English to people who do not understand English.

2. Topic

Select and narrow an appropriate topic for a speech ang to limit your topic to fit the
constraints of your speaking assignment. You can discover a topic by asking yourself 3
standard question: [1] who is the audience [2] what are my interest, talents and experiences?
[3] what is the occasion. If your first speech assignment is to introduce yourself, your speech
topic has been selected for you. One of the most important things you can do to be an
effective speaker is to start preparing your speech well in advance of your speaking date.

3. Porpuse

Determine Your Purpose, Differentiate between a general speech purpose and a

specific speech Purpose. need to decide on both a general purpose and a specific purpose.
Your general purpose is the overarching goal of your speech. There are three general
purposes for speeches: to inform, to persuade, and to entertain. Your specific purpose is a
concise statement indicating what you want your listeners to be able to do, remember, or feel
when you have finished your speech.
 B. Outlining the speech

Develop a preparation outline and speaking notes for a speech. Although few speeches
are written in paragraph form, most speakers develop a detailed preparation outline of the
central idea, main ideas, and supporting material. To begin your outlining task, you might try
a technique known as mapping, or clustering.

Write Your Preparation Outline in Complete Sentences Like Those You Will Use When
Delivering Your Speech and Use Standard Outline Form Although you did not have to use
standard outline form when you began to outline your ideas, you need to do so now.

Use Standard Outline Numbering Logical and fairly easy to learn, outline numbering
follows this sequence:

I. First main idea

A. First subpoint of I

B. Second subpoint of I

1. First subpoint of B

2. Second subpoint of B

a. First subpoint of 2

b. Second subpoint of 2

II. Second main idea

The sample outline speech by student speaker Brianne Geise Notice that in this example,
the purpose, introduction, blueprint, signposts, conclusion, and references are included but
separated from the numbered points in the body of the speech.

C. Body of speech

The body of speech is the center part of the speech that discusses the main ideas and key
concepts of the speech. The body is everything but the introduction and the conclusion. The
body of a speech is made up of main point. For a speech, you will need between two to five
main point.

D. Supporting materials
 The term supporting materials refers to the information a person provides to develop and
or justify an idea that is offered for a listener’s consideration. Supporting materials serve a
variety of functions in oral presentation. To clarify the speaker point, to emphasize the point,
to make the point more interesting, and to furnish a basis that enables other to believe
presentation is little more than a string of assertions (claims without backing). Supporting
material for your speech can come from a variety of sources, including personal knowledge
and experience, the Internet, online databases, traditional library holdings, and interviews.

E. The introduction

Explain the functions of a speech introduction, The introduction may convince you to
listen carefully because this is a credible speaker presenting a wellprepared speech, or it may
send the message that the speaker is ill-prepared and the message is not worth your time. In a
ten-minute speech, the introduction will probably last no more than a minute and a half.

As a speaker, your task is to ensure that your introduction convinces your audience to
listen to you. Specifically, a good introduction must perform five important functions:

• Get the audience’s attention.

A key purpose of the introduction is to gain favorable attention for your speech.
Because listeners form their first impressions of the speech quickly, if the introduction does
not capture their attention and cast the speech in a favorable light, the rest of the speech may
be wasted on them.

• Give the audience a reason to listen.

Even after you have captured your listeners’ attention, you have to give them some
reason to want to listen to the rest of your speech. An unmotivated listener quickly tunes out.

• Introduce the subject.

• Establish your credibility.

• Preview your main ideas.

F. The conclusion

Explain the functions of a speech conclusion. An effective conclusion will serve two
purposes: It will summarize the speech, and it will provide closure. Summarize the Speech A
conclusion is a speaker’s last chance to review his or her main ideas for the audience.
Reemphasize the Central Idea in a Memorable Way The conclusions of many famous
speeches rephrase the central idea in a memorable way.

Restate the Main Ideas In addition to reemphasizing the central idea of the speech, the
conclusion is also likely to restate the main ideas.

Provide Closure, Probably the most obvious purpose of a conclusion is to bring closure
to cue the audience that the speech is coming to an end by making it “sound finished.” Use
Verbal or Nonverbal Cues to Signal the End of the Speech As described in the How To box,
you can use both verbal and nonverbal clues to let your audience know your speech is coming
to the end