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1.
a) Why is it a good idea to use a permit to work system for same work activities?
Using PTW is a good idea, with using PTW we implemented formal documented system applied to
high risk activity to ensure that all safety precautions are carried out.

b) What type of work activity would you use a permit to work system for?
 Work in confine space, permit is required due to the atmospheric chemical and other hazard.
 Work in high voltage electrical system, permit is required due to risk of electrical shock.
 Hot work, permit is required to prevent occurrence of fire.

c) What do you need to have in place for a permit to work system to work in practice?
 Risk assessment (potential hazard)
 Job description
 Existing instruction / procedures that may need to be adopted / adapted
 Instruction for any special tools
 Training record of people who are to do the work
 Emergency procedures and preparedness plan
 What other site activity are occurring, will the work interfere them or other activities create a hazard
to people doing the work.

d) What roles should be allocated in a permit to work system?

 The permit is to be issued by only an authorized person who is familiar with the area and has
receive appropriate training of the permit system.
 The issued must be inspect the equipment before issuing the permit.
 On completion of work, the responsible person to sign for completion and restoration services and
permit to be canceled by authorized person.
 There should be dire contact between the issue and acceptor so that all aspect can be discussed.
2. What are employers health and safety responsibility?
 To provide and maintain workplace, machinery and equipment and use working methods those are
safe.
 Give necessary instruction, training and supervision in application and use of health and safety
measures
 Introduce organizational arrangement relevant to activity and undertaking.
 Provide PPE and clothing without charge to workers.
 Ensure that organization, particularly working hours and rest break, does not adversely affect
occupational safety and health.
 Take reasonably practical measure with a view to eliminating excessive physical and mental
fatigue.
 Keep up to date of scientific and technical knowledge to comply with above.

3. Explain what an organization should do to provide effective first aid.

 General risk level of the workplace.
 Hazard present in the workplace.
 Accident history.
 Specific procedures require, e.g : some toxic material have specific antidotes / first aid procedure.
 Presence of vulnerable persons.
 Work pattern and shift system of workers.
 Geographic location of the workplace.
 Spread of the workplace.

4. What are the best way of communicating health and safety information to workers?
 Safety representative, act as a link between employees and management.
 Team briefing, to remind about essential safety act as a reporting defect.
 Tool box talks, safety talk of short duration (5-10 minutes)
 Memoranda.
 Codes of safe practice.
 Work instruction, given by senior employee, supervisor, safety officer.
 Poster.
5. What are possible cost of organization of work related incident?
Direct Cost.
o Fire in the criminal courts.
o First aid / medical cost.
o Worker sick pay.
o Overtime to make up for the lost time.
o Lost production time.
o Compensation payable to victim.
o Increase in insurance.

Indirect Cost.
o Loss of staff morale in the organization.
o Damage to public image and reputation.
o Cost of remedial action.
o General difficulty in recruiting staff.
o Compliance with any enforcement notice served.
o Cost of recruiting and training temporary or replacement of labor.

6. Explain why health and safety policy may need to be reviewed.

 The creation of new department, e.g : an export department when foreign business increase.
 The introduction of a new process, such as a solvent based component cleaning operation.
 Take over / merger, the print room manager should be given additional responsibility for packing,
following and merger with distribution company.
 Transfer of responsibilities from one manager / director to another.
 Closing down or selling down of the business, since the policy must be relevant, so references to a
nonexistence part of the organization must be removed.
 Change of premises (which with alter such arrangement as fire safety procedures, evacuation nd
assembly, or claim testing)
 Change in legislation, approved code of practice.
 Following an accident.
 Following adverse comments from enforces, insurance, clients.
7. What should you consider when deciding how often active monitoring should take place?
We must consider pro-active monitoring and reactive monitoring. Pro-active monitoring
 Measures of performance that monitor compliance with the OH&S management program,
operational criteria and applicable legislation and regulatory requirements.
 This should contain the element necessary to have a proactive system, premises, plant and
equipment.
 Surveillance of the working environment, including work organization.
 Compliance with applicable nation laws and regulation, collective agreement and other
commitment. Reactive monitoring
 Measures of performance to monitor accident, ill health, incident and other historical evidence of
deficient OHS performance.
 Should include the identification, reporting and identification of work related injury, ill health,
disease and incidents. Other losses such as damage to property.
Deficient safety and health performance and OSH management system failures and workers
rehabilitation and health restoration program.

8. Explain what an organization should consider when looking into the suitability of a potential
contractor.
 Adequacy of the contractor health and safety policy.
 System in place for implementing HSE policy.
 Contractor experience with the particular type of work.
 Contractor reputation.
 Contractor membership of relevant professional / trade organization.
 Contractor history regarding accident, violation & enforcement action.

9. What internal documents should be gathered for analysis during an incident investigation?
 Company policy
 Risk assessment
 Training records
 Safe system of work
 Permit to work
 Maintenance record
 Site plans, area layout plan
 Previous accident report
 Sickness and absence record

10.
a) Explain the term “health and safety culture”
* from HSG 65, health and safety culture is define of the product of individual and group values,
attitude, perception, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to and
the style and proficiency of an organization health and safety management.
* from IOSH, health safety culture is define as the characteristic share attitude, value, believe and
practice of people at working concerning not only the magnitude of risk that may encounter but alson
the necessity, practicality and effectiveness of preventive measure.

b) How can health and safety culture at work be improved?

 Establishing and implementing a good health and safety policy.
 Securing the commitment of management and ensuring the manager lead by example.
 Involving and consulting with employees on matters affecting their health and safety.
 Providing effective supervision and training.
 Providing a pleasant working environment with a good welfare facility.
 Effective monitoring system to check the implementation of the procedure and the standard.

11. What thing should be consider when putting into place of safe system of work?
 The safe system of work will include how the task is to be done, what equipment to be require,
what communication must be meet and who can authorized variation to the procedures.
 Risk assessment (potential hazard)
 Job description
 Permit to work condition
 Description of the work to be done
 Existing instruction or procedure that may need to be adopted.
 Who is requiring to do the work and what skill and ability to be needed
 Supervisory requirement and competency base work to be done
 Availability of special tools, protective equipment.
 Specific isolation and locking-off for the work to be done
 Emergency procedure and preparedness plans need to improve emergency procedure local rules.