EK Nov Dec 2022

ENERGY KONNECT
Volume II Issue 19 Nov.-Dec. 2022
E Crisis
Global Disturbances &
nergy
Table of Contents
Editorial 2
Feature Story
Cow Dung to Electricity=Inovative 5

Method
Investment for Renewable Sector 12
Biogas Production from Food 21
Chain Waste
Tutorial
Bihar Electricity Regulatory 30
Commission Regulations 2018
Consumers Desk
Ploy to increase electricity 36
tariff by Central Power Minister
* News and Events at the back of the magazine
ENERGY KONNECT
Editorial
Wind farm in Germany is being dismantled to expand
Garzweiler lignite mine to make way for more lignite
exploitation. The decision to demolish Lutzerath was
made with the country's new coal policy to
temporarily increase the use of lignite for electricity
generation during the energy crisis. One of the eight
turbines installed at that location in 2001 has
Editorial Board already been removed. Nevertheless, German state
Mr R N Sen, Editor-in-Chief of North Rhine-Westphalia said it would phase out
Mr Amitava Roy coal by 2030, as did RWE, the company that owns
Mr Satyaki Sen the mine. With the present energy crisis, we are
Advisory Board witnessing numbers of such reversal from RE to
Mr. A S Bakshi, Former Fossil fuel base generation understanding that the
Chairman CEA & Former same will be reversed once they come out from
Member Technical CERC energy crisis.
Mr. S K Negi, IAS(Retd)
Former Chairman BERC The crisis has initiated inationary pressures and
Mr. B P Singh, Former created a looming risk of recession. Higher energy
Member DERC prices are also increasing food insecurity in many
Mr. Regi Pillai, President developing economies, with the heaviest burden
ISGF falling on poorer households where a larger share of
income is spent on energy and food. Some 75 million
people who recently gained access to electricity are
Design
likely to lose the ability to pay for it, meaning that for
Mr. Biman Chatterjee
the first time since IEA (International Energy
Mr. Shyamal Mondal
Agency) started tracking it, the total number of
people worldwide without electricity access has
All the members of Editorial board started to rise. And almost 100 million people may
and Advisory Board are providing
Honorary service. be pushed back into rely on firewood for cooking
instead of cleaner, healthier solutions. Faced with
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caused to any person / organisationdirectly or indirectly
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ENERGY KONNECT
energy shortfalls and high prices, governments have so far committed well over
USD 500 billion, mainly in advanced economies, to shield consumers from the
immediate impacts. They have rushed to try and secure alternative fuel supplies
and ensure adequate gas storage. Other short‐term actions have included
increasing oil‐ and coal‐fired electricity generation, extended lifetimes of some
nuclear power plants, and accelerated the ow of new renewables projects.
Demand‐side measures have generally received less attention, but greater
efficiency is an essential part of the short and longer‐term response. Is the crisis
a boost or a setback for energy transitions? With energy markets remaining
extremely vulnerable, today's energy shock is a reminder of the fragility and un
sustainability of our current energy system. A key question for the policy makers
is whether the crisis will be a setback for clean energy transitions or will catalyse
faster action.
Power sector has to face the challenges of COVID-19 and presently very high fuel
price due to Russia and Ukraine war. During COVID-19 period there was a sharp
fall in industrial and commercial demand and financial hardship due to declining
revenue owing to loss of high-end consumers. It has resulted in delayed payment
by all the categories of consumers resulting default in loan repayment schedule
and major payments. The MOP has to come with number of financial bailouts to
keep the sector oating. Still the sector is yet to come out from the shocks it has
experienced during this period. Even before the shock of COVID-19 is over the
Russia and Ukraine war has resulted in hardening of Dollar, doubling of fuel prices,
and bringing recessionary pressure on the industry including fall in consumption
of goods and services. Even after more than eight months of war it is yet to come
to a logical settlement. If the crisis lingers further the crisis may be much deeper.
WHO has indicated much more serious out break of pandemic than COVID-19.
Russia is exing its muscles for nuclear attack which if happens may make the
life highly vulnerable with the probability of Power sector collapse. Ensuring
timely and uninterrupted supply to emergency and essential services and to all
category consumers at a reasonable price
will pose a major challenge.
The last two incidents caught us unaware resulting massive damage to the
economy, affect public life in general and cripple the power sector in particular. We
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ENERGY KONNECT
have yet to come out completely from the aforesaid shocks and may have
overcome them to some extent. It has now become absolute necessity to analyse
and meticulously plan for handling the future shocks in order to minimize the
damage. This calls for immediate measures to minimize our dependency on
imported fuel for running our automobiles and generating power stations. We will
have to closely monitor and implement all the commitments made by the
Honourable Prime Minister of India at COPE-26. For energy security we will have
to encourage every citizen of India to minimize their energy consumption and take
initiatives for enhancement in energy generation to meet ever growing energy
demand. For this we will need smart micro grid at consumer points supported by
Roof Top Solar (RTS) plants with storage/fuel cell and bio fuel plants.
Similarly, to minimize the impact of switching of consumers from industrial and

commercial categories there is need for introducing voltage wise common tariff
for all the categories of consumers irrespective of their consumption pattern.
Subsidy, if any, may be provided by the government from the cess collected based
on consumer category. This will insulate the distribution licensee from loss in
revenue due switching in category and introduction of delicencing as envisaged by
the MOP.
Adequate preparedness coupled with continuous innovation along with policy and
regulatory support from the government and regulators will enable the sector to
address the future challenges.
The global worming resulting in climate change has forced switching over from
fossil fuels to renewable source of energy. This trend on a sustained basis
through continuous innovation has ushered lowering of the cost of power and fuel
thereby making available energy at competitive rates to the end users. Faster
deployment of renewable energy and efficiency improvements in the European
Union may bring down EU natural gas and oil demand by 20% this decade, and coal
demand by 50%.
With proper preparedness and continuous innovation, we will be able to address
most of the crisis both known and unknown in due course of time.
Reference: 1) News items

2) World energy outlook 2022 by iea
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ENERGY KONNECT
Feature Story
COW DUNG TO ELECTRICITY=INNOVATIVE METHOD

Asok Dasgupta
Electricity is day by day becoming costlier. But we cannot do without electricity

for our industries as well as for our living. It is a part of our lives. But as the cost is
spiralling it has become impossible for our rural sector to afford it as much as it is
required for daily living. I have been for quite sometime looking out for some
innovative way of producing cheap electricity using raw material which is generally
a waste and has a limited use but available in plenty in our country. And that raw
material ,to be used as the fuel for producing electricity, is Cow Dung. By sheer
luck one day I received a mail from Dr. Wieslaw Wilczynski of Poland who was
already experimenting to produce electricity from Cow Dung. He knew that India
has plenty of cows and he requested me to help him in providing various datas and
information. He also explained that for this the best would be to convert Cow
Dung to electricity would be to use an external combustion engine known as
'Stirling Engine'.These engines are produced under the name of 'Microgen',
Holland. The engines are also produced in a factory in China and who in charge was
MrGerwin Lubbers. Thus started our bond and we went forward. Dr.Wislaw
Wilczynski, who was the brain behind this innovation, suddenly passed away on
29th March 2022. However with God's grace Dr.Wieslaw's worthy son Marcin
Wilczynski has now taken over the mantle and is carrying on from where his late
father left.
The technology consists of adjusted boiler and free piston Stirling Engine, that
was developed on the order of NASA for supplying electricity for space shuttles.
The engine is currently mass-produced and available for wide range of customers.
The appliance can be fueled by dry shattered cow dung, pellets from cow dung,
standard pellets, wood, straw pellets, carbonized energy sources (waste, straw,
hay, husks etc.), a lot of other biomass fuels and gas. The single appliance can
produce up to 1000 Watts (230 V, 50 Hz), single-phased electricity power. The
device can run either on grid (connected and synchronized to the power grid) or off
grid (creating local power networks in remote/rural areas). The appliance's fuel
consumption is around 2-3 kg of dry cow dung per hour, where it produces the
electricity and thermal energy (cogeneration), which can be used for home or
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ENERGY KONNECT
Feature Story
water heating. The device is maintenance-free, the only possible service is
replenishment of the fuel tank and ash removal (what we are currently working
on). The resulting ash can be used as a fertilizer. The dimensions of the solutions
are approximately 600 x 1500 x 1200 mm (width x depth x height) plus the size of
the fuel tank, weight around 100 kg, noise level while working around 50 dB. It is
possible to connect several appliances to create local power networks, due to
devices being able to synchronize with each other. With at least three appliances
we can generate 3000 Watts three-phased electricity power. In the future there
will be also single appliances with up to 2000 Watts and 5000 Watts electricity
power output.
MICROGEN’S 1kW and 2kW Linear Free Piston Stirling

Engines
GAS ENGINE SOLAR ENGINE BIOMASS /BIOGAS ENGINE
Round – Diameter 150+/‐1mm, effec ve area 623cm2

Fin diameter 165+/‐1 Diamond – Diameter 235+/‐1mm, effec ve area 753cm2
Solar – Diameter 201+/‐1
Fin heat accep ng surface (8 fin Bullet – Diameter 150+/‐1mm, effec ve area 625cm2
engine) 1606cm2
Heating
Cooling
Round Diamond Bullet
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ENERGY KONNECT
Feature Story

Engines
HOT AIR ENGINE HOT LIQUID ENGINE

Engines
CRY COOLER / HEAT PUMP
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ENERGY KONNECT
Feature Story
Some Appliance Examples

Pellets/Chips/Dung fired from GLOBE
Some Appliance Examples

Solar Powered
Also one sold to Indian company in Coimbatore
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ENERGY KONNECT
Feature Story
Kits for uni’s, schools, R&D
India's vast rural sector can take advantage of this innovative technology for
producing their requirement of electricity as well as heat particularly in remote
regions where transmission cost is prohibitive and so also producing electricity
from liquid fuel suchas petrol or diesel though internal combustion engines.Solar
power may also not be the solutions in some regions of India. In such situation it is
best to go for asmart mini grid and decentralized distributed electricity .
India is the motherland of cows, especially in rural areas, which produce a lot of
cow dung annually. The cow dung is currently primarily used as a fuel for cooking,
we could use it as a fuel for the technology for producing electricity in a cheap and
economical way.
This will also open the opportunity to produce the Stirling Engine and the Cow
Dung Boiler part by part locally. Presently the boiler is produced in Poland and the
Stirling Engine in China by MEC(Asia) under the technical supervision of Microgen,
Holland
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ENERGY KONNECT
Feature Story
A delegation from Global Solutions. Poland and Microgen, Holland came to Kolkata
in September 2018 and made presentation to Industry associations. Electricity
Regulatory Commission, West Bengal Power minister and others. Since then we
have been doing tests, demonstrations in Poland to obtain maximum technical
efficiency. Once it is proved we will be interested to set up a unit here in West
Bengal or in any other state in collaboration with other companies as our
partners.
We are confident that arrival of this innovative technology will serve two purposes
basically.
One to utilize waste like cow dung for a better use through direct generation of
electricity and two to open up new manufacturing set up in the small and medium
scale sector.
Some of the important issues and their way forward.
* Unused biofuel is wasted.

* Countermeasures: stacking and composting, low use in power plants
* Increasing electricity prices in the world
* Focus in the world on renewable energy sources
* Exponential increase of the number of electric cars
* Overproduction of heat with simultaneous lack of electricity
Counter measures: dispersed electricity production - cogeneration
* Limited access to electricity in remote areas in many countries
Countermeasures: remote battery charging, dangerous and polluting power
generation system
Details of the Engine:
Electrical Output 1 kW/1.7 kW, 50-60 Hz, 230V AC Electrical Power Unit
Microgen Free Piston Stirling Engine. Heat Output Max 10 kW/17 kW. Fuel
Different types of low processed biomass. Maintenance Supplying fuel, ash
removal, SE head cleaning (depending on fuel). Emissions EN 303-5: 2019 (low
CO, NOx & dust).
Dimensions (W x D x H) 2200 x 600 x 1700 mm (with fuel tank). Weight 250 – 300
kgs (with fuel tank). Fuel tank capacity 200 litres can be expanded. Noise level
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Feature Story
Max 50 dBA. Designed unit life > 50,000 hrs.
Available configurations on grid, off grid, independent power grid
Types of fuels other than Cow Dung
Wood pellets Produced Poultry droppings Waste. Sunower pellets Produced
Scobs Waste. Wood chips Waste Sugar / giant miscanthus Plant. Sunower
husks Waste Rice hulls Waste. Oat hulls Waste Beet pulp Waste. Pinecones
Waste Coffee / cocoa hulls Waste. Pine needles Waste Goat / sheep faeces
Waste. Peat (country dep.) Fossil fuel Cane Waste. Sakhalin knotweed Plant.
Characteristics of Cow Dung
Heating value of dry cow dung [kWh/kg] 3,08 – 4,89 (average 3,99). Energy
needed by TSB 3000 to work at 100% power [kW] 9 – 10 kW (average 9,5). Dry
cow dung usage per hour [kg] 1,8 – 3,3 (average 2,6). Daily usage of dry cow dung
for work at 100% power [kW] 43,2 – 79,2 (average 61,2). Amount of cow dung
produced daily by adult cow [kg] 24 – 64 (average 44). Amount of cow dung left
after drying (5% water) [kg] 5,3 – 14,1 (average 9,7). Number of cows needed to
supply daily amount of fuel 3 – 15 (average 9). Number of cattle in India 303, 000,
000. Number of systems possible to run daily on cow dung 33 670 000. Amount
of electricity possible to generate from cow dung [GW] 33,67
I am hopeful that this innovative way to gainfully utilising Cow Dung to produce
electricity will go a long way catering the needs of far away and remote rural
population in not only India but also of other countries of the world having a
sizeable population of Cows.
For any queries please contact

Asok Dasgupta
E.mail:adgrdg@gmail.com
Mob:9830268291
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ENERGY KONNECT
INVESTMENT FOR RENEWABLE SECTOR

Biman Chattopadhyay
INTRODUCTION
The climate is a crucial question which accounted for 67% of carbon-dioxide
emissions from energy last year, can shift to a cleaner approach. India offers one
template that is its energy industry is shifting towards renewables. Yet it is still
moving far too slowly to reduce its emissions. An alternative model is now visible
in India, which is in the early stages of a green boom led by the private sector.
India has immense energy needs. It is forecast to be one of the fastest-growing
big economies this decade and will need to add capacity equivalent to the size of
the European Union's power system by 2040. After a irtation with hydro in the
1950s and 1960s it came to rely heavily on coal, which met 58% of its primary-
energy needs in 2021. Like many governments, India's has committed to reaching
netzero emissions (by 2070).
India ranks 3rd in renewable energy country attractive index in 2021 and 3rd
largest energy consuming country in the world. The country has set an ambitious
target to achieve a capacity of 175 GW worth of renewable energy by the end of
2022, which expands to 500 GW by 2030. This is the world's largest expansion
plan is in renewable energy. India was the second largest market in Asia for new
solar PV capacity and third globally (13 GW of additions in 2021). It ranked fourth
for total installations (60.4 GW), overtaking Germany (59.2 GW) for the first
time. India's installed renewable energy capacity has increased 396% in the last
8.5 years and stands at more than 159.95 Giga Watts (including large Hydro),
which is about 40% of the country's total capacity (as on 31st March 2022). The
installed solar energy capacity has increased by 19.3 times in the last 8 years,
and stands at 56.6 GW as of 1st June 2022. The installed Renewable energy
capacity (including large hydro) has increased from 76.37 GW in March 2014 to
159.95 GW in May 2022, i.e. an increase of around 109.4%. India has achieved
its NDC target with total non-fossil based installed energy capacity of 159.95
GW which is 41.4% of the total installed electricity capacity.
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ENERGY KONNECT
SCENARIO OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA

Renewable energy sources have a combined installed capacity of 150+ GW.As of
31 December 2021, the total installed capacity for renewable energy in India is
151.4 GW. The following is the breakup of total installed capacity for Renewables,
as of 31 December 2021:
 Wind power: 40.08 GW
 Solar Power: 49.34 GW
 Bio Power: 10.61 GW
 Small Hydro Power: 4.83 GW
 Large Hydro: 46.51 GW
As India looks to meet its energy demand on its own, which is expected to reach
15,820 TWh by 2040, renewable energy is set to play an important role.
MARKET SIZE
As of April 2022, India's installed renewable energy capacity (including hydro)
stood at 158.12 GW, representing 39.43% of the overall installed power
capacity.
The country is targeting about 450 Gigawatt (GW) of installed renewable energy
capacity by 2030 – about 280 GW (over 60%) is expected from solar.
The renewable energy capacity addition stood at 8.2 GW for the first eight
months of FY22 against 3.4 GW for the first eight months of FY21.
Solar power installed capacity has increased by more than 18 times, from 2.63
GW in March 2014 to 49.3 GW at the end of 2021. In FY22, till December 2021,
India has added 7.4GW of solar power capacity, up 335% from 1.73 GW in the
previous year. Off-grid solar power is growing at a fast pace in India, with sales of
392,000 off-grid solar products in the first half of 2021.
Power generation from renewable energy sources (not including hydro) stood at
19.31 billion units (BU) in May 2022, up from 17.87 BU in May 2021.
With a potential capacity of 363 GW and with policies focused on the renewable
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ENERGY KONNECT
energy sector, Northern India is expected to become the hub for renewable
energy in India.
Reasons to Invest
 Economic growth, increasing prosperity, a growing rate of urbanization and
rising per capita energy consumption is contributing to increasing demand
for energy in the country.
 The National Solar Mission was launched in 2010. The objective of the
mission is to establish India as a global leader in solar energy. The target of
the National Solar Mission has been up-scaled to 100 GW from 20 GW of
grid-connected solar power by 2022. *
 India has a wind potential of more than 300 GW (at hub height 100 meters),
the solar potential of ~750 GW, assuming 3% wasteland is made available,
Small Hydro potential of ~ 20 GW, and Bio-energy potential of 25 GW. *
 As per the Paris Accord on Climate Change, the Government of India has set
a target of adding 175 GW of renewable power by 2022, which includes 100
GW from solar, 60 GW from wind, 10 GW from biomass and 5 GW from small
hydropower. This will offer massive investment opportunities across the
value chain. This has further extended to 450 GW by 2030. *
 Solar Power tariff reduced by more than 75% using plug and play model. *
 A total of 150 GW renewable energy capacity (including large hydro) has
been installed in the country till November 2021. Projects of 63.64 GW
capacity are under various stages of implementation and 32.06 GW
capacity are under various stages of bidding. *
 MNRE issues an issuance of a Concessional Custom Duty Certificate
(CCDCs) for setting up projects for the generation of compressed biogas
using Urban and Industrial Waste of Renewable Nature.
 Emission reduction of 28% over 2005 levels, against the target of 35% by
2030 already achieved by India. *
 India will produce more than three times nuclear power and it is expected to
reach 22,480 MW by the year 2031, from the current 6780 MW as more
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ENERGY KONNECT
nuclear power plants are also planned in future. *

 Pakal Dul Hydro Electric Project will contribute significantly in fulfilling the
target of 450 GW Renewable energy by 2030. Investment of INR 8212
crores is being made in the region which will provide direct and indirect
employment opportunities and will help overall development of the local
inhabitants.*
 20,000 acres of land at Pang would be provided immediately by UT of Ladakh
for setting up of Renewable Energy Park, while availability of other 20,000
acres of land at Pang would be explored to set up 10 GW of Solar Park in
Ladakh. *
 Revised Guidelines of Ministry of Power and New & Renewable Energy will
enable the replacement of fossil fuel based energy by renewable energy
under the existing PPAs. As the cost of renewable energy is less than the
cost of Thermal energy, the gains from the bundling of renewable energy
with thermal will be shared between the generator and Distribution
companies/other procurers on a 50:50 basis. *
 To increase non-fossil energy capacity to 500GW by 2030, Coal & Lignite
companies have planned to install additional 5560 MW of renewable
capacity with an investment of over INR 15000 Crores. This will take the
total installed capacity to 7 GW. Coal India alone has planned to install 3 GW
of solar Power in next 5 years to achieve its net zero target.
 Ministry of Power and New & Renewable Energy have issued revised
guidelines providing for thermal generation companies to set up renewable
energy generation capacity either by themselves through developers by
open bids and supplying it to the consumers under the existing PPAs. *
 India planning to have a capacity of 30,000 MW of Offshore wind.
 Shri Bhagwant Khuba launches NSEFI's Pan-India Rooftop Solar Awareness
Campaign. MNRE is providing 40% of subsidy for households to install solar.
This will enable to achieve the target of 500 GW of non-fossil by 2030.*
 50 solar parks of aggregate capacity 40 GW to be set-up.*
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ENERGY KONNECT
INVESTMENTS/ DEVELOPMENTS
According to the data released by the Department for Promotion of Industry and
Internal Trade (DPIIT), FDI inow in the Indian non-conventional energy sector
stood at US$ 11.62 billion between April 2000-March 2022. More than Rs. 5.2
lakh crore (US$ 70 billion) has been invested in India's renewable energy sector
since 2014. According to the analytics firm British Business Energy, India ranked
3rd globally in terms of its renewable energy investments and plans in 2020.
Some initiatives by Government of India to boost India's renewable energy sector
is also remarkable achievement
In the Union Budget 2022-23, the allocation for the Solar Energy Corporation of
India (SECI), which is currently responsible for the development of the entire
renewable energy sector, stood at Rs. 1,000 crores (US$ 132 million). Highlights
of Union Budget 2022 is as follows:
 Additional allocation of INR 19500 Crore for solar PLI Scheme

 Introduction of Sovereign Green Bonds in public sector projects
 5-7% biomass pellets to be co-fired in thermal power plants, saving 38
MMT of carbon dioxide annually
In July 2021, to encourage rooftop solar (RTS) throughout the country, notably in
rural regions, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy plans to undertake
Rooftop Solar Programme Phase II, which aims to install RTS capacity of 4,000
MW in the residential sector by 2022 with a provision of subsidy.
In July 2021, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) gave the go
ahead to NTPC Renewable Energy Ltd., a 100% subsidiary of NTPC, to build a
4,750 MW renewable energy park at the Rann of Kutch in Khavada, Gujarat. This
will be India's largest solar park to be developed by the country's leading power
producer.
In August 2021, the Indian government proposed new rules for the purchase and
consumption of green energy. The latest rules are a part of government measures
to encourage large-scale energy consumers, including industries, to leverage
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ENERGY KONNECT
renewable energy sources for regular operations.
In October 2021, the Ministry of Power announced a new set of rules aimed at
reducing financial stress for stakeholders and safeguarding timely cost recovery
in electricity generation.
The Government of India has announced plans to implement a US$ 238 million
National Mission on advanced ultra-supercritical technologies for cleaner coal
utilization.
Indian Railways is taking increased efforts through sustained energy efficient
measures and maximum use of clean fuel to cut down emission level by 33% by
2030.
The government has spent US$ 4.63 billion on hydroelectric projects to provide
electricity to villages in Jammu and Kashmir from 2018-21.
Investment in renewable energy hit record levels in India in the 2021-22 financial
year, according to a new report from the Institute for Energy Economics and
Financial Analysis.
A total of $14.5 billion was invested in renewable energy, up by 125% compared

with financial year 2020-21 and 72% higher than in the pre-pandemic period of
the 2019-20 financial year.
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ENERGY KONNECT
According to figure 1, it is stated that investment in electricity generation is on

the rise, rebounding from the lull when demand fell due to the COVID-19
pandemic. India added 15.5 gigawatts (GW)1 of renewable energy (RE) capacity
thanks to a surge in investment in the financial year (FY) 2021/22.
In FY 2020/21, investment in RE in India declined by 24%, from US$8.4bn in FY
2019/20 to US$6.4bn. However, with the revival of energy demand and
commitments from corporations, banks and financial institutions to exit fossil
fuel investments, the share of RE investment is rising.
In FY 2021/22, investment in RE totalled a record US$14.5bn, an increase of
125% from FY 2020/21 and 72% from pre-pandemic times in FY 2019/20.
Key Investment Deals
Key investment deals in Indian renewable energy generation in FY2021/22

totalled US$14.5bn, a strong gain in momentum after a drop in renewable energy
investments in FY2020/21.
Top 10 Deals in 2021/22
Company Name Deal Type Acquirer/Investor Deal
Value
US$m
SB Energy Acquisition Adani Green Energy Limited 3500
Vector Green Bond 1031
REC Solar Acquisition Reliance New Energy Solar 771
Holdings
Adani Green Bond 750
Energy Limited
Reliance Debt ANZ, Credit Agricole, DBS Bank, 736
Industries (RIL) HSBC, and MUFG
ReNew Power JV deal RMG Acquisition Corporation II 610
(RMG II)
ReNew Power Bond 585
Indian Railway Bond 500
Finance
Corporation
(IRFC)
Avaada Energy Equity Global Power Synergy Public 453

Company (GPSC)
Azure Power Bond 414
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ENERGY KONNECT
In FY2021/22, new players such as Reliance New Energy, Vector Green etc.
entered the market and are gaining a dominant market share. Over 57% of the
deals included capital investment to five renewable energy companies – SB
Energy, ReNew Power, Vector Green, REC Ltd and Azure Power. Five investors
contributed 43% of the total investment – Adani Green Energy Limited (AGEL),
Reliance New Energy Solar, a consortium of banks (led by ANZ, Credit Agricole,
DBS Bank, HSBC, and MUFG), RMG and Global Power Synergy Public Company
(GPSC). The biggest chunk of investment was through bonds, totalling US$4bn.
The composition of the Indian RE sector changed significantly in 2020 and 2021,
in terms of companies with the largest share in setting up capacity compared
with 2019. AGEL has one of the largest pipelines and operational portfolios
among the Indian RE players and aggressive targets of 25GW by 2025 and 45GW
by 2030.4 The company is the first Indian member of the GRI South Asia Charter
on Sustainability Imperatives5 and received India's best environmental score in
ESG rating by Edelweiss ESG.6 Also, it is the only company in India's renewable
sector disclosing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in all three scopes in CDP's
India Disclosure Report 2021.
Further, Abu Dhabi-based International Holding Company PJSC (IHC) will invest
~Rs15, 400 crore (US$2bn) in three Adani Group portfolio companies: AGEL,
Adani Transmission Limited (ATL) and Adani Enterprises Limited (AEL).8 AGEL
signed the world's largest green power purchase agreement (PPA) with the Solar
Energy Corporation of India (SECI) in December 2021 to supply 4667MW,9 part
of the 8GW awarded under SECI's manufacturing-linked solar tender.
NTPC is another company with big RE plans. A longstanding thermal power player,
the public sector undertaking is pivoting towards renewable energy. NTPC is the
first energy company in India to declare its energy compact goals – 60GW of RE
capacity by 2032 and a 10% reduction in net energy intensity by 2032.10 NTPC
won 2.8GW of RE capacity in FY2022. The company aims to assemble a portfolio
of 7-8GW of total RE capacity by FY2023 before transferring the assets to NTPC
Renewable Energy Ltd for monetisation in the same year.
State Bank of India (SBI) is the largest lender to the RE sector in India and has
also oated green bonds of US$800m to support its green lending plans. The
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ENERGY KONNECT
bank dual listed green bonds of US$650 million on the India International
Exchange (India INX) and Luxembourg Stock Exchange.11 SBI has formulated a
policy on ESG-compliant lending to companies. However, the policy is not yet being
used as grounds to deny loans.
In January 2022, SBI launched a dedicated centralised processing cell – the
Surya Shakti Cell – in collaboration with Tata Power Solar Systems in a bid to
finance solar power projects (with capacity up to 1MW).12
Domestic and Global Capital Must Accelerate to Finance Renewables
Ecosystem
India will witness increasing energy demand on the back of high economic growth.
The Government of India has undertaken initiatives to boost the manufacturing
sector. Further, with increasing affordability of air-conditioners and rising
temperatures, India is likely to witness increasing cooling loads.
Rapid growth in capacity addition will be required to meet this increasing demand.
India should adopt a pathway with more sustainable energy choices that will
reduce reliance on imports and help build energy security in a system that is also
less costly. Renewable energy is deationary and prices are likely to go down,
while coal-based power generation, on the other hand, is inationary.
Accelerating the deployment of renewable energy would help India achieve its
target of 450GW of renewables by 2030. With an increasing share of renewable
energy, India needs to invest in an entire “ecosystem” to help states accelerate
adoption of renewable energy. This “renewable plus” approach requires
investment in
 Flexible sources such as battery storage and pumped hydro;
 Expansion of transmission and distribution networks;
 Modernisation and digitalisation of the grid;
 Domestic manufacturing of inputs like modules, cells, wafers, electrolysers
etc;
 Promoting electric vehicles for transportation;
 Promoting more decentralised renewable energy like rooftop solar.
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ENERGY KONNECT
Feature Story
BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM FOOD CHAIN WASTE

Introduction
The agri-food industry is one of the fundamental pillars of the world economy. This
sector is closely linked to economic and social growth and therefore, becomes a
fundamental pillar. However, all productive activity generates a large amount of
waste. Any material, whether intended or not for human consumption, that are
lost, degraded, contaminated, or disposed of from the food supply chain (FSC) is
considered food waste (FW) or food loss (FL). Nowadays, the definition of (FW)
also includes the losses incurred in the FSC stages or any other step of the agri-
food industry, therefore, it is defined as “any food and inedible parts of food,
removed from (lost to or diverted form) the food supply chain to be recovered or
disposed (including composted, crops ploughed in/not harvested, anaerobic
digestion, bio-energy production, co-generation, incineration, disposal to sewer,
landfill or discarded to sea. The agri-food industry comprises activities from all
economic sectors. FSC begins with stages of the primary sector (agriculture and
livestock), which produces by-products (i.e., manure, wafe, corns talk) and FW
and FL in the form of low-quality products, damaged production, or products with
no commercial value. FL and FW are mainly generated within the entire process
chain due to problems in storage, damages during transport, contamination
along the process, or in separation stages that create by-products not intended
for human consumption (i.e., feathers, skins, fruit peels…). The end of FSC comes
with the sales and distribution stage, typical of the tertiary sector. Losses and
waste are generated in food markets and retail systems in association with
problems in storage, conservation, or unsold perishable products. At the final
stage of the product life cycle (end consumer), the FW is generated by a
purchasing excess, over preparation processes, bad storage conditions, and
other consumption behaviour patterns.
It is estimated that 33% of all agri-food production is lost in the form of waste.
This kind of waste production represents 12% of all the food entering a home, and
a 25% of all the food of the FSC. This implies that within the complete FSC, 40%
of FW, and FL occurs during post harvest and processing stages and another
21
ENERGY KONNECT
Feature Story
40% during the retail and consumer levels. In this context, the generation of
waste and materials to be disposed of in the agri-food industry is one of the major
environmental problems, with an impact in the social, economic, and political
spheres. Given the link to the growth of society, it is impossible to eliminate
waste emissions. Therefore, they must be treated as appropriately as possible,
achieving mutual and sustainable economic, energy and environmental benefit.
PRODUCTION PROCESS
A typical biogas system consists of the following components:
(1) Manure collection
(2) Anaerobic digester
(3) Efuent storage
(4) Gas handling
(5) Gas use.
Biogas is a renewable form of energy. Methanogens (methane producing

bacteria) are last link in a chain of microorganisms which degrade organic
material and returns product of decomposition to the environment. PRINCIPLES
FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS
Organic substances exist in wide variety from living beings to dead organisms.
Organic matters are composed of Carbon (C), combined with elements such as
Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Sulphur (S) to form variety of organic
compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins & lipids. In nature MOs
(microorganisms), through digestion process breaks the complex carbon into
smaller substances. There are 2 types of digestion process:
Aerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion.
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ENERGY KONNECT
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AEROBIC DIGESTION:
The digestion process occurring in presence of Oxygen is called Aerobic digestion

and produces mixtures of gases having carbon dioxide (CO2), one of the main
“green houses” responsible for global warming. The digestion process occurring
without (absence) oxygen is called Anaerobic digestion which generates
mixtures of gases. The gas produced which is mainly methane produces 5200-
5800 KJ/m3 which when burned at normal room temperature and presents a
viable environmentally friendly energy source to replace fossil fuels (non-
renewable).
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION:
It is also referred to as bio methanization, is a natural process that takes place

in absence of air (oxygen). It involves biochemical decomposition of complex
organic material by various biochemical processes with release of energy rich
biogas and production of nutritious efuents.
BIOLOGICAL PROCESS (MICROBIOLOGY)
1. HYDROLYSIS
2. ACIDIFICATION
3. METHANOGENESIS of HYDROLYSIS:
HYDROLYSIS: In the first step the organic matter is enzymolysedexternally by

extracellular enzymes, cellulose, amylase, protease &lipase, of microorganisms.
Bacteria decompose long chains complex carbohydrates, proteins, & lipids into
small chains. For example, Polysaccharides are converted into monosaccharide.
Proteins are split into peptides and amino acids.
ACIDIFICATION: Acid-producing bacteria, involved this step, convert the

intermediates of fermenting bacteria into acetic acid, hydrogen, and carbon
dioxide. These bacteria are anaerobic and can grow under acidic conditions. To
produce acetic acid, they need oxygen and carbon. For this, they use dissolved
O2 or bounded oxygen. Hereby, the acid-producing bacteria creates anaerobic
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ENERGY KONNECT
Feature Story
condition which is essential for the methane producing microorganisms. Also,
they reduce the compounds with low molecular weights into alcohols, organic
acids, amino acids, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and traces of methane.
From a chemical point, this process is partially endergonic (i.e., only possible with
energy input), since bacteria alone are not capable of sustaining that type of
reaction.
METHANOGENESIS: (Methane formation) Methane-producing bacteria, which

were involved in the third step, decompose compounds having low molecular
weight. They utilize hydrogen, carbon dioxide and acetic acid to form methane and
carbon dioxide. Under natural conditions, CH4 producing microorganisms occur
to the extent that anaerobic conditions are provided, e.g. under water (for
example in marine sediments), and in marshes. They are basically anaerobic and
very sensitive to environmental changes if any occurs. The methanogenic
bacteria belong to the archaebacterial genus, i.e., to a group of bacteria with
heterogeneous morphology and lot of common biochemical and molecular-
biological properties that distinguishes them from other bacteria. The main
difference lies in the makeup of the bacteria's cell walls. Symbiosis of bacteria:
Methane and acid-producing bacteria act in a symbioticway. Acid producing
bacteria create an atmosphere with ideal parameters for methane producing
bacteria (anaerobic conditions, compounds with a low molecular weight). On the
other hand, methane-producing microorganisms use the intermediates of the
acid producing bacteria. Without consuming them, toxic conditions for the acid-
producing microorganisms would develop. In real time fermentation processes
the metabolic actions of various bacteria acts in a design. No single bacteria is
able to produce fermentation products alone as it requires others too.
There are many ways to treat agri-food waste seeking an integrative solution,
such as for energy production and biofuels or biopolymer production. Anaerobic
Digestion (AD) is an optimal solution. This technology is a microbiological process
that in the absence of air, allows the transformation of organic materials, such as
FW, into biogas, a mixture rich in methane that can be used as combustible gas.
The result of anaerobic digestion, apart from biogas, is digestate, the rest of the
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ENERGY KONNECT
Feature Story
process that comprises everything that has not been measured, and that can be
used as fertilizer for agricultural uses. Therefore, energy benefits are achieved
by obtaining a new energy source in the form of bio gas, economic benefits from
the savings of building an alternative energy source generated in-situ, and
environmental benefits by reducing the number of residues disposed in landfills,
reducing energy consumption and promote the circular economy producing the
substrates necessary for the next stage to develop. Organic matter (OM) must
first undergo a hydrolysis process, responsible for transforming the initial OM,
presented in the form of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, into simpler and
more soluble organic compounds, such as amino acids, saccha rides, and long-
chain fatty acids (LCFA). This first process is an extracellular reaction. The
generated substrates then go through a phase of acid ogenesis in which they are
converted into During the anaerobic degradation process, a series of chained
processes occur, each producing the substrates necessary for the next stage to
develop. they are converted into volatile fatty acids (VFA) (propionic, butyric,
valeric...) and other byproducts, such as alcohols, NH3, CO2 and H2. These are
treated in the acetogenesis phase, which transforms volatile fatty acids and
other by-products into acetic acid Finally, acetic acid is transformed by
acetolacticmethanol
This fact can be seen in current practices of using low calorific inputs like cattle
dung, distillery efuent, municipal solid waste (MSW) or sewage, in biogas plants,
making methane generation highly inefficient. We can make this system
extremely efficient by using kitchen waste & food wastes. In 2003, Dr. Anand
Karve (President ARTI) developed a compact biogas system that uses starchy or
sugary feedstock material, and the analysis shows that this new system is 800
times more efficient than conventional biogas plants Kitchen waste will be done in
eco-friendly and cost-effective way. While calculating the cost effectiveness of
waste disposal we must think more than monetary prospects. The dumping of
food in places and making the places unhygienic can be taken good care of. It adds
to the value of such Biogas plants. Using the natural processes like
microorganism's kitchen waste & biodegradable waste viz paper, pulp can be
utilized Anaerobic digestion is controlled biological degradation process which
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ENERGY KONNECT
Feature Story
allows efficient capturing & utilization of biogas (approx. 60% methane and 40%
carbon dioxide) for energy generation. Anaerobic digestion of food waste is
achievable but different types, composition of food waste results in varying
degrees of methane yields, and thus the effects of mixing various types of food
waste and their proportions should be determined on case-by-case basis.
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising method to treat the kitchen wastes.
While Anaerobic digestion for treatment of animal dung is common in rural parts
of developing countries, information on technical and operational feasibilities of
the treatment of organic solid waste is limited in those parts. There are many
factors affecting the design and performance of anaerobic digestion. Some are
related to feedstock characteristics, design of reactors and operation conditions
in real time. Physical and chemical characteristics of the organic wastes are
important for designing and operating digesters because they affect the biogas
production and process stability during anaerobic digestion. They include,
moisture content, volatile solids, nutrient contents, particle size, & bio
degradability. The bio degradability of a feed is indicated by biogas production or
methane yield and percentage of solids (total solids or total volatile solids) that
are destroyed in the anaerobic digestion. The biogas or methane yield is measured
by the amount of biogas or methane that can be produced per unit of volatile
solids contained in the feedstock after subjecting it to anaerobic digestion for
enough time under a given temperature which is taken to be laboratory
temperature. In recent times varied technological modifications and
improvements have been introduced to diminish the costs to produce biogas.
Different Methods have been developed to increase speed of fermentation for the
bacteria gas producers, reduction of the size of the reactors, the use of starchy,
sugary materials for their production, the modification of the feeding materials
for fermentation and the exit of the efuent for their better employment, as well
as compaction of the equipment to produce gas in small places like backyard,
among others. Larger facilities operating costs can be reduced, per unit, to the
point that, in the current economic framework, very large Anaerobic Digestion
facilities can be profitable whereas small ones are not this is what is Economics of
scale. If energy prices continue to rise and the demand for local waste treatment,
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ENERGY KONNECT
Feature Story
and fertilizers increases, this framework may change. Biogas is produced by
bacteria through the bio degradation of organic material under anaerobic
conditions. Natural generation of biogas is an important part of bio-geochemical
carbon cycle. It can be used both in rural and urban areas.
Component Concentration (by volume)
Methane (CH4) 55-60 %
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 35-40 %
Water (H2O) 2-7 %
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) 20-20,000 ppm (2%)
Ammonia (NH3) 0-0.05 %
Nitrogen (N) 0-2 %
Oxygen (O2) 0-2 %
Hydrogen (H) 0-1 %
Composition of biogas depends upon feed material also. Biogas is about 20%
lighter than air has an ignition temperature in range of 650 to 750 0C. An
odourless & colourless gas that burns with blue ame like LPG gas. Its caloric
value is 4780 Kcal/M3 and it usually burns with 60 % efficiency in a conventional
biogas stove. This gas is useful as fuel to substitute firewood, cow-dung, petrol,
LPG, diesel, & electricity, depending on the nature of the task, and local supply
conditions and constraints. Biogas digestor systems provides a residue organic
waste, after its anaerobic digestion (AD) that has superior nutrient qualities over
normal organic fertilizer, as it is in the form of ammonia and can be used as
manure. Anaerobic biogas digesters also function as waste disposal systems,
particularly for human wastes, and can, therefore, prevent potential sources of
environmental contamination and the spread of pathogens and disease-causing
bacteria. Biogas technology is particularly valuable in agricultural residual
treatment, animal excreta and kitchen refuse(residuals).
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ENERGY KONNECT
Feature Story
PROPERTIES OF BIOGAS
1. Change in volume as a function of temperature and pressure.
2. Change in calorific value as function of temperature, pressure, and water

vapour content.
3. Change in water vapour as a function of temperature and pressure.
FACTORS AFFECTING YIELD AND PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS
Many factors affecting the fermentation process of organic substances under

anaerobic condition are,
1. The quantity and nature of organic matter
2. The temperature
3. Acidity and alkalinity (PH value) of substrate
4. The ow and dilution of material
GENERAL FEATURES OF BIOGAS
1. Energy Content 6-6.5 kWh/m3
2.Fuel Equivalent 0.6-0.65 l oil/m3
3.Biogas Explosion Limits 6-12 %
4.Biogas in air Ignition Temperature 650-750 *C
5.Critical Pressure 75-89 bar
6. Critical temperature -82.5 *C
7.Normal Density 1.2 kg/m3
8.Smell Bad eggs
BENEFITS OF BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY:
1.Production of energy.
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ENERGY KONNECT
Feature Story
2.Transformation of organic wastes to very high-quality fertilizer.
3.Improvement of hygienic conditions through reduction of pathogens.
4.Environmental advantages through protection of soil, water, air etc.
5.Micro-economic benefits by energy and fertilizer substitutes.
6.Macro-economic benefits through decentralizes energy generation and

environmental protection.
This article has been prepared with the support from: Seminar Report on
BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM KITCHEN WASTE submitted in partial fulfilment of
the requirements for Bachelor of Technology (Biotechnology) Submitted by
SuyogVij, Guided by Prof. Krishna Parmanik.
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ENERGY KONNECT
Tutorial
Bihar Electricity Regulatory Commission (Rooftop Solar Grid Interactive
Systems based on Net and Gross Metering) Regulations, 2018
30 21
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Tutorial
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Tutorial
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Tutorial
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Tutorial
02
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Tutorial
The above article has been taken from “Binar Electricity Regulatory Commission
(Rooftop Solar Grid Interactive Systems Based on Net and Gross Metering)
Regulations, 2018” for full regulation please visit the web site of BERC....
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Consumer Desk
Forcible import of coal in the interest of corporate is nothing but a

Ploy to increase electricity tariff by Central Power Minister
The central power minister has announced on 07 July 2022 to the astonishment
of the common people as well as to the electricity consumers of our country that
the price of imported coal will be nine times more than the cost of the coal
available in domestic market. As such the electricity tariff has to be increased by
Rs. 0.60 to Rs. 0.80 per unit. We are very much worried to such an
announcement. The instruction to import coal from abroad is motivated one as
the central power minister had propagated that there was a scarcity of coal in
domestic market and thus to manage the internal power shortage at least 10
percent of required coal for thermal power generation has to be imported. He has
compelled Coal India Limited to import 24 Lakhs tonsof coal for the first time in
its history. Furthermore he has threatened to curtail the supply of domestic coal
by 40 percent to those who would not abide by the order to import coal
(AnandabazarPatrika, 10.06.2022). Afterwards he also claimed that the news
ofcrisis in power generation due to shortage of coal is not correct
(AnandabazarPatrika, 20.06.2022).
Coal India Limited has stated that the deficit in power generation is not due to
paucity in supply of domestic coal. 10.25 crores tons of coal supplied in the
month of April – May '22 which is 16.7 percent higher than that of the last year.
Rather, theinterruption in supply of coal was owing to non availability of required
railway rake by central government. In contrast the central coal minister has
declared that the thermal power generation centers had required stock of coal
and the same has been sent according to their daily needs. But such
anatmosphere is created that power supply would not be there after four to five
02
36
ENERGY KONNECT
days (AnandabazarPatrika, 18.06.2022. In this context it is very much pertinent

to be mentioned that the central government has usurped Rs. 35 thousand
cores of surplus of Coal India Limited to meet up their budget deficit, which may
be utilized in search of new coal block and increase in production of coal.
We know how the monopoly capitalist, private thermal power generating
companies like TATA, Adani resort to manifold over invoicing of their imports from
abroad or from their own mines in overseas (Adani's in Australia) and inate
generation cost and our government increases power tariff by forcing us to buy
their power.
In this situation it is not difficult to understand that the announcement of central
power minister in favors of hike in electricity tariff in Kolkata is nothing but a
despicable plan only for the interest of monopoly capitalistin brazenly manner. No
word is enough to condemn this sinister move. Thus, the electricity consumers of
our states as well as of the nation have no other alternative than to participate in
organized street protest against this despicable attempt to hike power tariff by
central government.
37
03
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ind
News and Events ustry/renewables/india-may-soon-export-
Compiled by - Amitava Roy and Biman green-
Chattopadhyay hydrogen/articleshow/95418550.cms
Tata Power Renewable Energy to set up

Renewables 150MW solar project in Maharashtra-
Money Control
ISA, WRI, and Bloomberg Philanthropies
launch roadmap to scale global solar Tata Power Renewable Energy Limited
investment-ET En.W. (TPREL), a subsidiary of Tata Power,
announced on November 9 that it has
The International Solar Alliance (ISA), received the "Letter of Award" (LoA) from
World Resources Institute (WRI), and the Maharashtra State Electricity
Bloomberg Philanthropies launched a Distribution Corporation Limited
roadmap at COP27 to help meet the urgent (MSEDCL) to set up a 150MW solar project
need for a massive and more equitable scale- in Solapur, Maharashtra. The LoA was won
up of investment in solar energy. through tariff-based competitive bidding
followed by an e-reverse auction. The
https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.c project will be commissioned within 18
om/news/renewable/isa-wri-and- months from the PPA execution date, the
bloomberg-philanthropies-launch- company said in a statement.
roadmap-to-scale-global-solar-
investment/95427633 https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/busi
ness/tata-power-renewable-energy-to-set-
India may soon export green hydrogen- up-150mw-solar-project-in-maharashtra-
ET 9483081.html
India is in talks with the governments of New coal plants may be asked to have
other countries to export green hydrogen mandatory renewable power generation-
made in the South Asian nation, Reuters Bus. Std.
quoted an official of its foreign ministry as
saying "We are in a position to make green In what could pave the way for boosting
hydrogen as our main source of energy in renewable energy generation capacity in
the future," Prabhat Kumar, an additional India, the power ministry plans to make it
secretary of the external affairs ministry, mandatory for thermal power producers to
said at an industry event. build or purchase renewable energy if they
set up a new or expand coal-based power
generation. The ministry has proposed
amendments to the Tariff Policy 2016 to COP 27: UAE and Egypt agree to build
include the provision of ‘renewable one of world's biggest wind farms-ET
generation obligation’ (RGO). It has En.W.
proposed that after April 2024 any new
thermal power capacity would need to build The presidents of the United Arab Emirates
or procure a similar quantum of renewable (UAE) and Egypt witnessed the signing of
energy. It also has proposed an alternative an agreement to develop one of the world's
where the Centre will prescribe the quantum largest onshore wind projects in Egypt,
of renewable to be built but the minimum according to an official statement on the
threshold would be 25 per cent of the coal Gulf nation's state news agency. The MOU
capacity being built. was signed between the UAE's renewable
energy firm Masdar alongside its joint
https://www.business- venture with Egypt's main renewable energy
standard.com/article/economy- developer Infinity and Hassan Allam
policy/new-coal-plants-may-be-asked-to- Utilities, the statement on news agency
have-mandatory-renewable-power- WAM said.
generation-122110900722_1.html
https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.c
PTC India gets 3,500 MW renewable om/news/renewable/cop-27-uae-and-
energy supply offers against 1,000 MW egypt-agree-to-build-one-of-worlds-
sought-ET En.W. biggest-wind-farms/95384627
PTC India said it has received TN ranks 4th in solar power capacity,
overwhelming response from clean energy may soon be 1st in South-The New Ind.
players to supply 3,500 MW renewable Exp.
power, higher than the 1,000 MW the
company had sought. This is a first-of-its- With 6,200 MW installed solar-power
kind development in the Indian power capacity, TN got fourth place in a national
market wherein a trading licensee intended ranking prepared as of September 30. The
to purchase renewable power for onward first three spots went to Rajasthan,
sale through market linked products, it Karnataka, and Gujarat, in that order. A
added. senior Tangedco officer told TNIE that to
achieve its “zero carbon” target by 2070, TN
https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.c was encouraging green power generation.
om/news/renewable/ptc-india-gets-3500- Between March 31, 2019 and March 31,
mw-renewable-energy-supply-offers- 2022, TN’s solar-power capacity rose from
against-1000-mw-sought/95384617 2,575 MW to 4.986.01 MW. TN hopes to
reach the top position among southern States India’s renewable energy capacity has
by implementing new solar projects. grown by close to 150% with the share of
renewables in the total capacity installed
https://www.newindianexpress.com/states doubling since 2016. Half of the installed
/tamil-nadu/2022/nov/07/tn-ranks-4th-in- renewable energy comes from solar power.
solar-power-capacity-may-soon-be-1st-in-
south-2515746.html https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/da
ta-stories/visually/indias-energy-getting-
SECI invites proposals for 1,200 MW greener/article66092681.ece
wind-solar hybrid projects- Bus. Line
Adani New Industries Sets Up India's
State-run Solar Energy Corporation of India Tallest Wind Turbine In Gujarat-Bus.
(SECI) has floated a Request for Selection World
(RfS) for selecting project developers to set
1,200 MW ISTS-connected wind-solar Adani New Industries Ltd (ANIL)
hybrid projects. The hybrid power developer announced that it has installed wind turbine
(HPD) will have to set up the hybrid projects taller than the world's tallest 'Statue of Unity'
with Energy Storage System (ESS). A in Gujarat. The wind turbine's blades are
mandatory ESS of at least 100 MWh wider than the wingspan of a jumbo jet in
capacity for each 100 MW project capacity Gujarat's Mundra. Installation of the wind
shall be deployed as part of the project. The turbine is part of ANIL's renewable energy
last date for submitting bids is December 14. expansion plans. Making the announcement,
The projects come with assured peak power Milind Kulkarni, Chief Operating Officer
supply in India, on Build Own Operate (B- (COO), MWL said, “The proto assembly
O-O) basis, under the tariff-based was completed in a record of 19 days. It is
competitive bidding (Tranche-VI). The installed, commissioned, and we shall soon
connectivity and Long-Term Open Access go for a type certification now." The wind
shall be in the scope of the hybrid power turbine has been set up by Mundra Windtech
developer. Ltd (MWL), a wholly-owned subsidiary
incorporated by Adani Enterprises Ltd
https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/co (AEL).
mpanies/seci-invites-proposals-for-1200-
mw-wind-solar-hybrid- https://www.businessworld.in/article/Ada
projects/article66100293.ece ni-New-Industries-Sets-Up-India-s-
Tallest-Wind-Turbine-In-Gujarat/04-11-
India’s energy getting greener-Bus. Line 2022-452816/
Panasonic introduces solution for
renewable energy-The Print https://www.livemint.com/industry/energ
y/centre-to-expand-solar-park-scheme-
Panasonic introduces "H2 KIBOU FIELD", 11667157166847.html
a demonstrative experiment at its Kusatsu
factory in Shiga Prefecture . 3-storage ONGC plans 1 GW solar power plant in
batteries, pure hydrogen fuel cell generators, Rajasthan-ET En.W.
and photovoltaic generators together can
provide appropriate control and a stable Oil and Natural Gas Corp (ONGC) is
supply of electricity. Panasonic says that it is planning to set up a 1 GW solar power plant
the world's first demonstration to prove that in Rajasthan in a key move aimed at
100 per cent of the electricity consumed by a securing a foothold in the green energy
factory can be powered entirely by hydrogen space, according to an executive familiar
from renewable sources. It also declared with the company's plans. The company has
"Green Impact" to contribute to decreasing approached the state government, seeking
carbon dioxide emissions. 5,000 acres of land to house its proposed 1
GW plant, the executive said. "We are
https://theprint.in/world/panasonic- engaged with the government," the person
introduces-solution-for-renewable- said. "The moment the land is allotted, we
energy/1189574/ will go full throttle on executing the
project."
Centre to expand solar park scheme-
Mint https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.c
om/news/renewable/ongc-plans-1-gw-
The Union government plans to launch the solar-power-plant-in-rajasthan/95189796
second phase of a dedicated programme to
develop solar parks across the country that T.N. has potential to repower 4,100 MW
will aim to plug loopholes and overcome of wind energy capacity: draft policy-The
slow progress. Two officials with Hindu
knowledge of the matter said the expanded
scheme would seek to address the issue of Tamil Nadu has the potential for repowering
solar park developers failing to make initial 4,100 MW of wind energy capacity,
investments and delaying development of considering the wind turbines below 2 MW
projects till they receive money from power capacity, the Union Ministry for New and
producers who place bids to develop power Renewable Energy (MNRE) said in its draft
in such projects. The government is also National Repowering Policy for Wind
looking to address the issue of inflated Power Projects 2022. Repowering refers to
detailed project reports (DPR), they said. the process of replacing older wind turbines.
Industry experts pointed out many https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/
challenges in repowering. A ‘Policy for germanys-solar-valley-could-shine-again-
Repowering of the Wind Power Projects’ europe-strives-close-energy-gap-2022-10-
was issued in August 2016. However, the 28/
majority of old wind power projects, with
sub MW scale wind turbines are yet to be Safety and Environment
repowered, MNRE noted. A revised policy
has been drafted, taking into account India Inc’s net zero push-Fin. Exp.
representations from various stakeholders
and subsequent deliberations. It has sought Action to combat global warming is today
comments by November 1. visible, in policy and intent. At COP’26 held
last year, India demonstrated its resolve to
https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ be Net Zero by 2070, meet half of the
tamil-nadu/tn-has-potential-to-repower- country’s power needs from renewable
4100-mw-of-wind-energy-capacity-draft- energy sources by 2030 and reduce total
policy/article66074162.ece projected carbon emissions by 1 billion
tonnes in the same time period. Now, as we
Germany's Solar Valley could shine again chart India’s journey towards these
as Europe strives to close energy gap- ambitious ends, we require sincere synergies
Reuters between the public and private sector.
Germany has enlisted help from Brussels to https://www.financialexpress.com/opinio

revive its solar panel industry and improve n/india-incs-net-zero-push/2804647/
the bloc's energy security as Berlin, reeling
from the consequences of over-reliance on NTPC Bongaigaon plant becomes the new
Russian fuel, strives to cut its dependency nest for migratory birds-ET
on Chinese technology. It is also reacting to
a new U.S. law that has raised concern the NTPC's Bongaigaon plant, which generates
remains of Germany's formerly-dominant 750 MW (3 x 250 MW) in Assam, has
solar industry could relocate to the United become the new nest for migratory birds,
States. Once the world's leader in installed and micro fauna. More than 20 species of
solar power capacity, Germany's solar birds have been found in the ash dyke,
manufacturing collapsed after a government reservoir area of the plant; and the township
decision a decade ago to cut subsidies to the area has become the preferred corner for
industry faster than expected drove many migratory birds, tucked in the lush lap of
solar firms to leave Germany or into nature.
insolvency.
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ne COP27 event, the sources said. "The cost of
ws/india/ntpc-bongaigaon-plant-becomes- both decarbonisation and coping with the
the-new-nest-for-migratory- impact of climate change will be huge and
birds/articleshow/95409743.cms that is why those who have
disproportionately contributed to greenhouse
G20 need to make discourse on energy gas emissions shouldn't delay the funding,"
transition more inclusive: TERI-ET one of the sources said.
En.W.
https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.
The need for the global clean energy com/news/renewable/india-to-press-rich-
transition mechanisms to be inclusive and countries-to-keep-climate-fund-
just beyond the context of coal, and the lead pledge/95217291
role G20 countries the Presidency of which
India is set to take over this year -- should As NTPC betters its ESG score, why it is
play in furthering the focus on demand-side too early to celebrate-ET
perspectives in energy transition of vital
sectors was underscored by The Energy and NTPC, the country’s largest public-sector
Resources Institute (TERI). In a policy brief, power producer, has just got a pat on the
TERI identified the vital sectors as back. Its ESG (environmental, social, and
agriculture, micro, small and medium governance) rating has gone up one notch –
enterprises (MSMEs), and transport. from ‘severe’ to ‘high-risk’. The rating by
Morningstar Sustainalytics, which reviews
https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.c companies every year, is for the period
om/news/renewable/g20-need-to-make- ending July 2022. But the celebrations at
discourse-on-energy-transition-more- NTPC could be short-lived and future
inclusive-teri/95217248 ratings could go downhill. For, the company
has now switched back to burning coal to
India to press rich countries to keep produce electricity even though it had earlier
climate fund pledge-ET En.W. spelled out an extensive green-energy road
map.
India will use next week's UN climate
conference to urge rich countries to keep https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/pri
their promise to give $100 billion a year in me/energy/as-ntpc-betters-its-esg-score-
funding to help developing nations deal with why-it-is-too-early-to-celebrate-hint-
climate change and switch to cleaner energy, think-
two government sources said. New Delhi coal/primearticleshow/95129284.cms?fro
will also reiterate its commitment to do its m=mdr
best to help slow global warming at the
EKI Energy, First Source Energy to form Asian countries to avoid billions of dollars
JV for climate edtech, finance in fossil fuel costs in the first half of 2022
marketplace- ET En.W. alone.
Carbon credits developer EKI Energy https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/n

announced its collaboration with First agpur/solar-power-generation-helped-
Source Energy India and its promoters to set india-save-fuel-reduce-coal-use-
up a joint venture as a 'climate edtech' as report/articleshow/95435153.cms
well as climate 'finance marketplace'. EKI
Energy Services Ltd has joined hands with India to be self-sufficient in thermal coal
leading environmental professional firm production by FY25: Coal minister
First Source Energy India Pvt Ltd and its Pralhad Joshi- ET
promoter and promoter group to establish a
joint venture that will play a role in India's Union coal minister Pralhad Joshi exuded
climate change industry as the country's first confidence that the country would be largely
ever climate edtech as well as climate self-sufficient in thermal coal production by
finance marketplace, a statement said. the financial year 2024-25. "We will be
largely self-sufficient in thermal coal
https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes. production by 2024-25 and the country will
com/news/renewable/eki-energy-first- not face any problem in the thermal energy
source-energy-to-form-jv-for-climate- sector," Joshi said while interacting with the
edtech-finance-marketplace/95127022 media during the investors' conclave on
'opportunities in the coal sector'.
Energy
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ne
Solar power generation helped India save ws/india/india-to-be-self-sufficient-in-
fuel, reduce coal use: Report-ToI thermal-coal-production-by-fy25-coal-
minister-pralhad-
In India, solar generation avoided $4.2 joshi/articleshow/95410261.cms
billion in fuel costs in the first half of this
year. It also avoided the need for 19.4 Coal stock at thermal power plants at
million tonnes of coal that would have 25.6 MT in Oct Govt-ET
further stressed an-already strained domestic
supply. The report released by Ember, the The closing stock of coal at domestic
Centre for Research on Energy and Clean thermal power plants as on October 31 was
Air (CREA) and the Institute for Energy 25.6 million tonnes (MT) the highest-ever
Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA), in the month of October except for FY'21,
found that solar generation allowed seven the government said. The domestic coal
supply to the power sector is 12 % more It has put on the block 141 coal mines in 11
than the same period of last year, which is States, of which 71 are new mines, 62 are
the highest ever supply in the first seven carried forward from earlier auctions (this is
months of any fiscal. the sixth round of commercial auctions) and
eight are being put on offer for the second
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ind time, as they received a poor response in
ustry/energy/power/coal-stock-at- earlier rounds. Sixty-seven mines have been
thermal-power-plants-at-25-6-mt-in-oct- auctioned so far, of which two have begun
govt/articleshow/95377907.cms production and another two or three are
expected to begin operations by the end of
Power Ministry amends guidelines for EV this fiscal.
charging infrastructure-ET En.W.
https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/op
The Power Ministry amended the guidelines inion/editorial/coal-is-indispensable-for-
for charging infrastructure for electric energy-security/article66111318.ece
vehicles, under which public charging
stations would have the feature of prepaid Towards Nuclear Energy Resurgence in
collection of service charges with the time of India-ToI
the day rates and discounts for solar hours.
In addition to this, a committee under the India is on the cusp of a nuclear energy
Central Electricity Authority (CEA) would resurgence as it jostles to scale up its nuclear
recommend to the states the ceiling limit of power generation capacity. In the last 7
service charges to be levied. The panel years, the installed nuclear power capacity
would also recommend the time of the day has grown from 4780MW in 2014 to
rate for service charges as well as the 6780MW by 2021, an increase of over 40%.
discount to be given for charging during .
solar hours. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/
voices/towards-nuclear-energy-
https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.c resurgence-in-india/
om/news/power/power-ministry-amends-
guidelines-for-ev-charging- India needs coal to power growth,
infrastructure/95367375 produce gas: Nirmala Sitharaman-ToI
Coal truths-The Hindu Business Line India needs to focus on coal for meeting the
'base load' the minimum level of demand in
Nearly two-and-a-half years after opening the power grid and gasification projects to
up coal to commercial mining, the Centre ensure a smooth energy transition amid high
announced its biggest-ever auction recently. gas prices, finance minister Nirmala
Sitharaman said. "We need greater
investments also to help in gasification of Geopolitics of oil: Economies caught in
coal. I invite all of you to energetically vicious cycle-The New Indian Express
participate in the auction processes which
have been launched today and keep your Where and how to begin this story? The
options further extended for greater ‘where’ is crucial as this tale crisscrosses
extraction of minerals in India," she told continents and nations. The ‘how’ is critical
investors while launching the largest round as geopolitical tsunamis fracture friendships
of coal block auctions with 141 mines. and help foes become friends. The political
domino effect is visible with the fall of a few
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/busin leaders. Yet, others become more ambitious,
ess/india-business/india-needs-coal-to- more arrogant, and full of hubris. The eye of
power-growth-produce-gas-nirmala- the storm lies in disruptive economic
sitharaman/articleshow/95285145.cms?U disruptions.
TM_Source=Google_Newsstand&UTM_
Campaign=RSS_Feed&UTM_Medium=R https://www.newindianexpress.com/opini
eferral ons/2022/nov/03/geopolitics-of-oil-
economies-caught-in-vicious-cycle-
Focus on energy security as G20 mantle 2514481.html
passes to India-Mint
Power consumption grows marginally to
The G20 summit to be held in September 114.64 bln units in October-ET
2023, under India’s presidency, is expected
to pass a marquee declaration to ensure India's power consumption grew 1.64 % to
energy and supply chain security, according 114.64 Bu in October compared to the year-
to two government officials aware of the ago period, according to government data.
plans. This development comes in the wake The power consumption rose only
of the Russia-Ukraine war and supply marginally in October, mainly due to
disruptions in China. With India dependent incessant unseasonal rains which kept the
on imports for as much as 85% of its oil mercury levels low and reduced the use of
needs and 55% of its natural gas demand, cooling appliances.
record high energy prices are a major
concern for a big consumer nation such as https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ind
India. ustry/energy/power/power-consumption-
grows-marginally-to-114-64-bln-units-in-
https://www.livemint.com/industry/energ october/articleshow/95229429.cms
y/focus-on-energy-security-as-g20-mantle-
passes-to-india-11667408414580.html
Coal India production rises 17% in April- https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles
October-ET En.W. /2022-10-31/china-wants-more-coal-
power-and-to-hit-climate-change-
State-owned CIL said its coal production targets#xj4y7vzkg
increased by 17.4 per cent to 351.9 million
tonnes (MT) in the April-October period of India to face challenges in phasing out
the ongoing fiscal. The company's coal coal by 2030: IEA-ET En.W.
output in the corresponding period of last
fiscal was 299.6 MT, CIL said in a filing to India faces the primary challenge of meeting
BSE. The coal production by the maharatna rising electricity demand with renewables
firm also increased to 52.9 MT last month, and nuclear on a large enough scale to
over 49.8 MT of coal production in the reduce the use of unabated coal‐fired
corresponding month of previous fiscal. generation, according to the International
Energy Agency (IEA). In its latest report,
https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.c World Energy Outlook 2022, the IEA
om/news/coal/coal-india-production-rises- predicted India to see the largest increase in
17-pc-in-april-october/95229793 energy demand of any country with an
increase in population due to urbanization
China Is Doubling Down on Coal Despite and industrialisation. India is further
Its Green Ambitions-Bloomberg progressing towards a domestic renewable
capacity target of 500 gigawatts (GW) by
China is building a vast array of new coal- 2030 to meet nearly two‐thirds of the
fired power stations, potentially more than country’s rapidly rising demand for
the operating capacity of the US, even electricity. However, the sheer scale of its
though it knows the plants will probably development means that the combined
never be fully used. The puzzle of why the import bill for fossil fuels doubles over the
world’s leading installer of clean energy is next two decades in the Stated Policies
investing so much in the worst polluting — Scenario (STEPS), with oil by far the largest
and increasingly expensive — fossil fuel component.
shows the depth of Beijing’s concern over
the global squeeze in energy supplies. But it https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.c
also reflects planning for a gradual om/news/coal/india-to-face-challenges-in-
relegation of coal’s role, from prime power phasing-out-coal-by-2030-iea/95117341
source to a widely available but often idle
backup to China’s rapidly expanding
renewables fleet. For India's Non-Renewable Energy
Demand, Things Will Get Worse Before
They Get Better: Report-The Wire
India’s energy requirements are increasing at-
and will peak in the coming decade despite a krishnapatnam/articleshow/95113468.cms
growth in renewables, as per the World
Energy Outlook (WOE) report for 2022,
published on October 27 by the International Business
Energy Agency (IEA). However,
governmental policies across the world – Solar developers shocked as govt removes
including in India – offer hope and, if 'project import' benefits- Bus. Line
implemented in full and on time, could
possibly limit global warming to around 1.7 Solar energy companies have expressed
degrees Celsius by the year 2100. shock as the government has suddenly
Commenting on the report, energy scientists removed solar from ‘project import
in India noted that while there could be a regulations’, which gave concessional
rise in the demand for coal and gas in the customs duty on goods meant for projects.
short term, high prices could force countries From April 1, 2022 in accordance with its
to build cheap, clean energy alternatives. previously announced intention – the Centre
brought in 40 per cent basic customs duty
https://thewire.in/energy/world-energy- (plus 10 per cent social welfare surcharge)
outlook-report-2022 on imported solar modules and 25 per cent
(+SWS) on solar cells.
Third 800 MW supercritical power unit
goes on stream at Krishnapatnam-ET https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/ec
onomy/solar-developers-shocked-as-govt-
The third 800 MW supercritical unit at the removes-project-import-
Sri Damodaram Sanjeevaiah Thermal Power benefits/article66116213.ece#:~:text=Abo
Station (SDSTPS) here goes on stream, over ut%2010GW%20of%20solar%20project
three years behind schedule, giving some s,will%20go
respite to Andhra Pradesh that has been
facing a shortage of power during evening Finance ministry finalises framework for
peak hours. In a first in the country, the sovereign green bonds-ToI
supercritical plant at Krishnapatnam gets
water for its cooling towers through a The Finance ministry has finalised the
specially-laid open channel from the Bay of framework to issue sovereign green bonds in
Bengal, about five km away. line with global standards, according to
sources. The government intends to mobilise
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ind Rs 16,000 crore from the issuance of green
ustry/energy/power/third-800-mw- bonds during the second half of the current
supercritical-power-unit-goes-on-stream- financial year.
helping them lend further at cheaper rates.
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/busin The plans come after state-run Power
ess/india-business/finance-ministry- Finance Corp. and REC Ltd applied for the
finalises-framework-for-sovereign-green- DFI status focusing on green finance.
bonds/articleshow/95398086.cms
https://www.livemint.com/industry/energ
Power PSUs set to take over 29 stuck y/ireda-eyes-dfi-status-to-get-green-
private hydel projects-ToI finance-at-lower-rates-
11667938103609.html
The power ministry is priming state-run
majors under its wings to take over 29 hydel PMC expedites process to form SPV for
projects entailing estimated investments of solar generation-HT
up to Rs 2.7 lakh crore that are languishing
with private developers. The projects have a With the Pune Municipal Corporation
combined capacity of 30,000 megawatt or (PMC) eyeing to save ₹40 crore per annum
roughly 7.5% of India’s total installed in electricity bill if it purchases it from the
generation capacity, and were awarded to state government-owned Mahapreit
private companies by six north-eastern states company, the civic body has expedited the
but have not made much progress due to process to form a special purpose vehicle
reasons ranging from lack of funding to (SPV). Shrinivas Kandul, head, PMC
expertise, power minister R K Singh told electricity department, said that PMC and
TOI. Mahapreit have signed the agreement. The
two institutions are searching for
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/busin government land in Marathwada region.
ess/india-business/power-psus-set-to-take- PMC has promised to purchase all the power
over-29-stuck-private-hydel- generated by Mahapreit.
projects/articleshow/95389025.cms
https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pu
Ireda eyes DFI status to get green finance ne-news/pmc-expedites-process-to-form-
at lower rates-Mint spv-for-solar-generation-
101667674722850.html
State-run Indian Renewable Energy
Development Agency Ltd (Ireda) is eyeing Potential of cross-border electricity trade-
the status of a development financial Bus. Line
institution (DFI) to access funds at lower
rates to boost funding for India’s ambitious While electricity trade was already taking
climate goals. DFI status helps financial place through long term bilateral contracts
institutions raise funds at lower rates, between the South Asian countries, the
Central Electricity Regulatory Commission state electricity regulatory commission
(CERC) introduced the Cross Border permitted JSPL to continue supplying power
Electricity Trade (CBET) Regulations in in the interest of consumers who had a long-
2019 to facilitate this in an efficient and term supply contract with JSPL, while also
transparent manner through energy noting that CSEB could not explain why it
exchange platforms. This was followed by opposed the distribution licence for a limited
the notification of CBET Rules in 2021 by area when “CSEB was itself not in a
the Central Electricity Authority, India. position to supply power”. CSEB
Pursuant to this, Inter-country power trade approached the appellate tribunal, which
through the Exchange Market can help in favoured JSPL, in May 2006.
discovery of competitive prices and optimal
power procurement. https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/bu
siness-laws/sc-clears-way-for-jspls-
https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/op electricity-distribution-
inion/potential-of-cross-border- licence/article66103775.ece#:~:text=The%
electricity-trade/article66104895.ece 20Supreme%20Court%20has%20ruled,it
s%20industrial%20estate%20in%20Chh
SC clears way for JSPL’s electricity attisgarh.
distribution licence- Bus. Line
Renewable energy generators gain by
The Supreme Court has ruled in favour of supplying power to C&I customers under
Jindal Steel and Power in its case against the open access-ET En.W.
Chhattisgarh State Electricity Regulatory
Commission, clearing the way for the Renewable energy developers can gain
company to get its electricity distribution significantly due to higher share of direct
licence for supply to consumers at its off-take contracts with Commercial &
industrial estate in Chhattisgarh. Before the Industrial (C&I) customers through Open
Electricity Act, 2003, came into force, JSPL Access (OA), according to a new report
had set up a captive power plant near its released by Fitch Ratings. The generators
sponge iron plant at Raigarh. It also set up will benefit from better utilisation, timely
an industrial estate and, with permission payment and, usually, higher realised tariff
from the state government, started supplying compared with sales to state-owned
power to the industrial units that came up in discoms. The payment cycle of C&I
the estate. After the Electricity Act came customers is shortest on average, followed
into effect, a fresh application for power by NTPC and Solar Energy Corporation
supply had to be made. The Chhattisgarh (SECI).
State Electricity Board (CSEB) was against
granting the licence to JSPL. However, the
https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.c 26,000 MW capacity under various stages of
om/news/renewable/renewable-energy- implementation by keeping the doors open
generators-gain-by-supplying-power-to- for equipment imports worth Rs 60,000
ci-customers-under-open-access- crore at 5 % duty, instead of the 40 % basic
report/95269388 customs duty (BCD) that came into effect
from April 1. Singh said the ministry has
Power secretary pitches for reducing cost also decided to give a 12-month extension to
of smart meters-ET preMarch 2021 projects to ensure capacity
addition did not suffer.
The government asked smart meter makers
to bring down the cost of the device to make https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.c
it more affordable. Power Secretary Alok om/news/renewable/import-duty-sops-for-
Kumar said safety, quality and design should rs-1-3-lakh-crore-solar-projects-will-
be the key parameters for manufacturing of continue/95265512
smart meters. "I urge the manufacturers to
think of innovative ways to reduce the price Govt decides to outsource ops at Nellore
of the meters to half without compromising power plant-ToI
on quality. We have improved the loss
reduction aspect and are working on the The state government’s decision to privatise
expansion of RDSS scheme and smart the operation and maintenance of Sri
distribution,". Damodaram Sanjeevaiah thermal power
station (SDSTPS) in Nellore district is being
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ne met with resistance from the power
ws/india/power-secretary-pitches-for- department staff. The government has
reducing-cost-of-smart- already invited tenders to put the finalisation
meters/articleshow/95283447.cms of bids on the fast track, and has decided to
hand over the operation and maintenance of
all three units, including the 800MW plant
Import duty sops for Rs 1.3 lakh crore inaugurated by chief minister Y S Jagan
solar projects will continue-ET En.W. Mohan Reddy last week.
Solar projects involving investments of Rs https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/a
1. 3 lakh crore bid out before March 2021 maravati/govt-decides-to-outsource-ops-
will be exempted from the revenue at-nellore-power-
department’s order scrapping lower customs plant/articleshow/95218231.cms
duty under the concessional project import
scheme for solar sector, power and Debenture holders move NCLT over '312-
renewable energy minister Raj Kumar Singh crore claim against GVK power-ET
told TOI. The move will bring reprieve for
Debenture holders have moved the National Higher energy prices hastened India's
Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) to initiate transition to biofuels, says Hardeep Puri-
insolvency proceedings against GVK Power ET En.W.
and Infrastructure, the ultimate holding
company of GVK, claiming the holding India's Petroleum Minister Hardeep Puri
company had guaranteed repayment of funds said that higher energy prices are leading to
worth ₹312 crore provided to group intended and unintended consequences.
companies, according to sources briefed on "While at one end it is leading to a global
the matter. recession, at the same time it is also
hastening India's energy transition across
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ind biofuels, green hydrogen and electric
ustry/energy/power/debenture-holders- vehicles," he said while addressing the
move-nclt-over-312-crore-claim-against- plenary panel at the inaugural ceremony of
gvk-power/articleshow/95238693.cms Abu Dhabi International Petroleum
Exhibition and Conference (ADIPEC2022).
Stellar copper demand from Chinese
solar makers seen slowing in 2023-ET https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.c
En.W. om/news/oil-and-gas/higher-energy-
prices-hastened-indias-transition-to-
Copper demand from China's solar power biofuels-says-hardeep-puri/95217524
sector is seen slowing next year after stellar
growth in 2022, said consultancy CRU,
possibly weighing further on copper prices Power sector’s outstanding dues to CIL
hit this year by a downbeat global outlook. fall 4.5% in September-The Hindu
China's solar and electric vehicle (EV) Business Line
sectors have fuelled copper demand this
year, keeping spot premiums in China strong The outstanding dues of state-run Coal India
and limiting a bigger sell-off in copper (CIL) from the power sector declined by 4.5
prices. Benchmark London prices have % on a month-on-month (M-o-M) basis to
fallen 28 per cent since a record high in ₹14,461.48 in September this year, from
March, also due to COVID-19 curbs in the ₹15,143.31 crore at the end of August. The
world's top copper consumer. outstanding dues of the country’s largest
coal miner declined consistently during
https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.c January-April, but inched up in May to
om/news/renewable/stellar-copper- ₹13,825.20 crore. They rose again in June
demand-from-chinese-solar-makers-seen- and July this after before hitting north again
slowing-in-2023/95190049 in August and September.
https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/co net profit to ₹3,331.20 crore for the quarter
mpanies/power-sectors-outstanding-dues- ending September. The company however
to-cil-fall-45-in- logged an over 7% dip in its consolidated
september/article66078412.ece#:~:text=T net profit at ₹3,417.67 crore for the
he%20outstanding%20dues%20of%20st September quarter, mainly due to higher
ate,at%20the%20end%20of%20August expenses.
Survival of Discoms is questionable now: https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.c

Power Min to state govts-Bus. Std. om/news/power/ntpc-second-quarter-net-
profit-dips-over-7-per-cent-to-rs-3418-
The Union Ministry of Power has raised crore/95177941
questions on the viability of state owned
power distribution companies (discoms) and Ministries of coal, power to finalise
their mounting loss-and debt spiral. Even if freight cost cut plan: NITI Aayog-Bus.
discoms were to have a tariff hike every Std.
year, they would still find it difficult to
service their debt obligations, observed the NITI Aayog is pitching for reduction in
ministry. This comes at a time when a new freight charges for transportation of coal.
Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme for This would form part of the policy to
discoms is underway and the Electricity optimise the cost of coal in the country,
(Amendment) Bill, 2022, has suggested which the central government think tank
sweeping changes to the power distribution said would be prepared by coal and power
sector. ministries.
https://www.business- https://www.business-
standard.com/article/current- standard.com/article/economy-
affairs/survival-of-discoms-is- policy/coal-power-ministries-to-finalise-
questionable-now-powermin-to-state- plan-for-coal-freight-cost-reduction-
govts-122103000605_1.html 122103000585_1.html
NTPC’s power generation rises 15% to Renewables Purchase Targets Set By

204 billion units in H1 FY23- ET En.W. State Regulator Binding on Captive
Generators – KERC -Mercom India
State-owned NTPC said it has increased its
power generation by 15% to 204 Bu in the The Karnataka Electricity Regulatory
first half of FY23 as compared to 177 Bu Commission (KERC) recently directed a
during the corresponding period of last year. captive power generator to comply with the
NTPC reported a 5.5% growth in standalone renewable purchase obligation (RPO) targets
per the provisions of the ‘Procurement of
Energy from Renewable Sources https://mercomindia.com/cerc-act-ists-
Regulations, 2011.’ Dalmia Cement (Bharat) charges-waiver-open-access-solar/
had requested the Commission to declare
that the RPO targets notified for captive No takers for green power worth 5 GW-
power projects for the financial year (FY) Mint
2015-16 (non-solar at 5% and solar at 0%)
are applicable for all subsequent years until Amid the government’s ambitious energy
FY 2020-21. transition goals, as much as 5 GW of
electricity from renewable energy projects
https://mercomindia.com/renewables- remains unsold, two people aware of the
purchase-state-regulator-binding- development said. The reason: A
captive/ government-run nodal agency has been
unable to find distribution companies
CERC Yet to Act on ISTS Charges willing to buy the power from these projects.
Waiver for Open Access Renewables State-run Solar Energy Corp. of India
Proposed by Ministry of Power -Mercom (SECI), the nodal agency for renewable
India energy, signs PPAs with winning power
developers in auctions, and subsequently
Nearly a year after the Ministry of Power signs power sale agreements (PSAs) with
(MOP) extended the timeline and widened discoms for the sale of this power. However,
the scope for waiver of the interstate discoms are increasingly reluctant to sign
transmission system (ISTS) charges for PSAs, as they notice tariffs keep declining in
renewable energy projects, the expected subsequent auctions.
surge in the open access solar market has not
materialized because the Central Electricity https://www.livemint.com/industry/energ
Regulatory Commission (CERC) has not y/no-takers-for-green-power-worth-5-gw-
included the provisions in relevant 11666892639077.html
amendments. This has caused uncertainty
for developers leading to slow progress in EESL manages to maintain 95% uptime
some projects. An executive from an open of 2.4 lakh streetlights in Lucknow-Mint
access developer said, “Developers are in a
fix. If they build their projects based on the State-owned Energy Efficiency Services
MoP order, they could suffer if CERC Ltd. (EESL) has been relentlessly working
decides not to incorporate them. But if towards lighting the streets of Lucknow,
projects are held back until CERC’s Uttar Pradesh with energy efficient
regulations are finalized, we might not have streetlights. Till date, the EESL has installed
enough time to avail 100% ISTS waiver.” as many as 2,44,957 streetlights in
Lucknow, and 95% of them are up and Global investment firm KKR has joined
running - thereby ensuring maximum forces with Sterlite Power Transmission's
visibility on the city roads, the company said newly formed arm Serentica Renewables to
in a statement. create a new energy platform to help large
industrial clients decarbonise, both sides
https://www.livemint.com/industry/energ said in a statement. KKR will invest $400
y/eesl-manages-to-maintain-95-uptime-of- million into the platform for an undisclosed
2-4-lakh-streetlights-in-lucknow- equity participation, while Sterlite Group
11666878285945.html companies will invest $100 million.
Serentica Renewables is a wholly owned
Buy solar power locally instead of subsidiary of Twinstar Overseas Limited,
Arunachal Pradesh: CII to govt-Herald which is owned by Volcan Investments Ltd,
Goa Bahamas, the holding company of the family
trust of Vedanta Group's Anil Agarwal.
The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
has urged the Goa government to buy solar https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ind
power locally at a lower cost rather than ustry/renewables/kkr-to-power-sterlites-
buying it from Arunachal Pradesh Power clean-energy-business-with-400-million-
Corporation Pvt Ltd (APPCL) at Rs 5.1 per cheque/articleshow/95387049.cms
unit. The industry body has requested the
government to fast track the Prime Minister State seeks Central support for
Kusum Scheme and sign power purchase implementing hydel projects-The Hindu
agreements with private landowners in Goa,
who have expressed interest to setup plants Kerala has sought the Centre’s cooperation
on uncultivable land and supply power at Rs and financial support for implementing
4.50 per unit. hydroelectric power projects in the State. At
a meeting with Union Power Minister R.K.
https://www.heraldgoa.in/Goa/Buy-solar- Singh in New Delhi, Electricity Minister K.
power-locally-instead-of-Arunachal- Krishnankutty urged the Centre to provide at
Pradesh-CII-to-govt/195783 least 20% of the capital expenditure on
hydel projects as assistance. Viability gap
Other Corporate News funding is essential as hydel projects are
expensive to construct, Mr. Krishnankutty’s
office said.
KKR to power Sterlite's clean energy
business with $400 million cheque-ET https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/
kerala/state-seeks-central-support-for-
implementing-hydel- industrial base may end up severely
projects/article66111426.ece weakened if high energy costs persist.
South Africa gets $497 mn from World https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/

Bank to move away from coal-ET En.W. energy-crisis-chips-away-europes-
industrial-might-2022-11-02/
South Africa, one of the world's largest
greenhouse-gas emitters, has been granted Maharashtra government seeks to revive
financing of $497 million to decommission power plant at Dabhol-The Free Press
one of its largest coal-fired power plants and Journal
convert it to renewable energy, the World
Bank said. In a statement the bank said the The Eknath Shinde Government has initiated
newly-closed Komati power station about efforts to restart the 1,967MW Ratnagiri Gas
170 kilometers northeast of Johannesburg and Power Pvt Ltd (RGPPL), previously
will be repurposed using solar and wind known as the Dabhol power project, in
sources, supported by batteries for storage. coastal Ratnagiri. The RGPPL, which used
to generate 500MW for the Indian Railways,
https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.c was shut after the contract ended in March.
om/news/coal/south-africa-gets-497-mn- The project has not been generating power
from-world-bank-to-move-away-from- since for want of gas at an economical rate
coal/95312864 and because it was unable to find buyers at
its higher tariff of about Rs 6.50 a unit.
Energy crisis chips away at Europe's
industrial might-Reuters https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/
maharashtra-government-seeks-to-revive-
Europe needs its industrial companies to power-plant-at-dabhol
save energy amid soaring costs and
shrinking supplies, and they are delivering - Power Ministry opposes closed bidding
demand for natural gas and electricity both for wind capacity auctions-The Hindu
fell in the past quarter. It is far too early to Business Line
rejoice, though. The drop is not just because
industrial companies are turning down The hopes of the beleaguered wind industry
thermostats, they are also shutting down for a change in the way capacity auctions are
plants that may never reopen. And while made appear to have been dashed with
lower energy use helps Europe weather the the Ministry of Power not in favour of the
crisis sparked by Russia's war in Ukraine change proposed by the Ministry of New
and Moscow's supply cuts, executives, and Renewable Energy (MNRE). State-
economists and industry groups warn its owned renewable energy facilitator, Solar
Energy Corporation of India Ltd (SECI),
uses the 'reverse bidding' method to auction After awarding the contract for a 1,320
capacities. Under this, the wind energy megawatt (MW) thermal power project in
companies quote a price at which they Odisha’s Talcher, state-run NTPC Ltd has
would sell to SECI. SECI will first buy the finalised awarding contracts for four more
cheapest power, then the second lowest and coal-fired power projects over the next three
so on until the auctioned capacity is reached. years. These four projects will add 4.8
'BEATING DOWN PRICES" However, gigawatts (GW) of electricity generation
after the bids are opened and the lowest bid capacity to the country. NTPC Ltd, which is
price L1 is revealed, the others are asked to India’s biggest electricity generation
offer counter bids, bettering the L1. company (genco), is going to set up new
thermal power units at Sipat (1x800 MW) in
https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/m Chattishargh, Singrauli (2x800 MW) in
arkets/commodities/power-ministry- Uttar Pradesh, Darlipali (1x800 MW) in
opposes-closed-bidding-for-wind- Odisha, and Lara (2x800 MW), again in
capacity-auctions/article66086444.ece Chattisgarh. All these four projects will be
expansion projects wherein additional units
Police use water cannons on protesting will be added to the existing thermal power
farmers at NTPC Dadri, several hurt-HT plants.
Farmer leader Sukhbir Khalifa (Pehelwan) https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/busi

from Bharatiya Kisan Parishad, who led the ness/companies/ntpc-to-award-contracts-
protest, said 11 protesters, including a for-4-8gw-coal-power-projects-in-next-
woman, were injured in the police action. three-years-9429361.html
Khalifa said at least 600 protesters from 24
nearby villages gathered at the NTPC Dadri Adani group to invest $150 bn in pursuit
project site’s main gate to demand fair of $1 tn valuation-Millennium Post
compensation for their land acquired by the
corporation during the early 1970s. Richest Asian Gautam Adani's group will
invest over $150 billion across businesses
https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/no ranging from green energy to data centres to
ida-news/police-use-water-cannons-on- airports and healthcare as it chases the
protesting-farmers-at-ntpc-dadri-several- dream to join the elite global club of
hurt-101667324742593.html companies with $1 trillion valuations. On
October 10, Adani Group Chief Financial
NTPC to award contracts for 4.8GW coal Officer Jugeshinder 'Robbie' Singh detailed
power projects in next three years-Money the growth plans of the group, which started
Control off as a trader in 1988 and expanded rapidly
into ports, airports, roads, power, renewable establishments, is in talks with investors,
energy, power transmission, gas distribution including pension funds, to raise as much as
and FMCG and more recently into data $200-250 million, two people aware of the
centres, airports, petrochemicals, cement and development said. CleanMax operates more
media, at an investor meet organised by than 600MW of large-scale solar and wind
Ventura Securities Ltd in New Delhi. farms and supplies clean energy to corporate
customers. CleanMax has installed over 600
http://www.millenniumpost.in/business/ad rooftop solar projects for companies and has
ani-group-to-invest-150-bn-in-pursuit-of- a total rooftop solar operating capacity of
1-tn-valuation-497484 more than 350MW across India, the United
Arab Emirates and Thailand.
Powered by integration-FE
https://www.livemint.com/industry/energ
India’s cities lag on the quality-of-life y/cleanmax-plans-to-raise-250-mn-
metrics compared to international cities. The 11666896338751.html
Mercer’s Quality of Living Ranking (2019)
ranks Hyderabad at the top among Indian NTPC sponsors Project Affected Youths
cities, with a global rank of 143. It is for Skill Development training at CIPET,
followed by Pune at 144, Chennai at 151, Ranchi-PSU Connect
Mumbai at 154, Kolkata at 160 and New
Delhi at 162. The Ease of Living analysis by Core to the company’s philosophy, CSR has
the Union ministry of housing and urban been an integral part of NTPC’s business of
affairs (MoHUA) revealed a national power generation and lighting up the lives of
average score of 53.5 (out of 100) for 111 millions of Indians. In view of the above
smart cities. The relative underperformance spirit, for the development of the local
of cities drags down the economic and social community, skill development plays an
outcomes by imposing higher cost of living important part towards self-reliance and
on individuals, families, society, and empowerment. NTPC Coal Mining has
businesses. taken up the initiative to sponsor 80 project-
affected youths including 4 girls from all
https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion coal mining projects & its vicinity located in
/powered-by-integration/2759376/ the States of Jharkhand, Odisha, and
Chhattisgarh for skill development in
Clean energy getting hot: Indian association with Central Institute of
renewables firm to raise $250mn-Mint Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology
(CIPET), Ranchi.
CleanMax Enviro Energy Solutions, which
supplies renewable energy to commercial
https://www.psuconnect.in/news/ntpc- fed to the country's several thermal power
sponsors-project-affected-youths-for- units.
skill-development-training/34921
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/r
Power Minister chairs meet on anchi/jharkhand-adanis-gondalpura-coal-
operationalisation of 1200 MW Pumped plan-faces-local-
Hydro-Sardar Sarovar Project-PSU resistance/articleshow/95113683.cms
Connect
Hon'ble Minister for Power and New &

Renewable Energy, Shri R K Singh, chaired
a meeting on operationalization of 1200
MW Pumped Hydro-Sardar Sarovar Project.
The meeting was attended by the Secretary,
Ministry of Power, Secretary, Department of
Water Resources, Chairperson CEA, CMD
POSOCO & officers from states of
Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.
https://www.psuconnect.in/news/power-
minister-chairs-meet-on-
operationalisation-of-1200-mw-pumped-
hydro-sardar-sarovar-project/34916/
Jharkhand: Adani's Gondalpura coal

plan faces local resistance-ToI
The Adani Group's commercial coal mining

project in Gondalpura Panchayat under
Barkagaon block is facing stiff protests from
the local residents who do not want to give
up land for the project. Planned for
becoming operational by 2024, the coal
block, which was allotted to the
conglomerate by the Union coal ministry in
the first round of auction of commercial coal
blocks in 2021, is expected to produce 4
million tonne of coal annually which will be

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ENERGY KONNECT

Volume II Issue 19 Nov.-Dec. 2022

Cow Dung to Electricity=Inovative 5

Similarly, to minimize the impact of switching of consumers from industrial and

Reference: 1) News items

COW DUNG TO ELECTRICITY=INNOVATIVE METHOD

Electricity is day by day becoming costlier. But we cannot do without electricity

MICROGEN’S 1kW and 2kW Linear Free Piston Stirling

Round – Diameter 150+/‐1mm, eﬀec ve area 623cm2

Round Diamond Bullet

MICROGEN’S 1kW and 2kW Linear Free Piston Stirling

MICROGEN’S 1kW and 2kW Linear Free Piston Stirling

Some Appliance Examples

Some Appliance Examples

Kits for uni’s, schools, R&D

* Unused biofuel is wasted.

For any queries please contact

INVESTMENT FOR RENEWABLE SECTOR

SCENARIO OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA

nuclear power plants are also planned in future. *

 Additional allocation of INR 19500 Crore for solar PLI Scheme

renewable energy sources for regular operations.

A total of $14.5 billion was invested in renewable energy, up by 125% compared

According to ﬁgure 1, it is stated that investment in electricity generation is on

Key investment deals in Indian renewable energy generation in FY2021/22

Avaada Energy Equity Global Power Synergy Public 453

BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM FOOD CHAIN WASTE

A typical biogas system consists of the following components:

(1) Manure collection

(2) Anaerobic digester

(3) Efuent storage

(4) Gas handling

(5) Gas use.

Biogas is a renewable form of energy. Methanogens (methane producing

Aerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion.

The digestion process occurring in presence of Oxygen is called Aerobic digestion

It is also referred to as bio methanization, is a natural process that takes place

BIOLOGICAL PROCESS (MICROBIOLOGY)

HYDROLYSIS: In the ﬁrst step the organic matter is enzymolysedexternally by

ACIDIFICATION: Acid-producing bacteria, involved this step, convert the

METHANOGENESIS: (Methane formation) Methane-producing bacteria, which

Component Concentration (by volume)

Methane (CH4) 55-60 %

Carbon dioxide (CO2) 35-40 %

Water (H2O) 2-7 %

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) 20-20,000 ppm (2%)

Ammonia (NH3) 0-0.05 %

Nitrogen (N) 0-2 %

Oxygen (O2) 0-2 %

Hydrogen (H) 0-1 %

1. Change in volume as a function of temperature and pressure.

2. Change in caloriﬁc value as function of temperature, pressure, and water

3. Change in water vapour as a function of temperature and pressure.

FACTORS AFFECTING YIELD AND PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS

Many factors affecting the fermentation process of organic substances under

1. The quantity and nature of organic matter

3. Acidity and alkalinity (PH value) of substrate

4. The ow and dilution of material

GENERAL FEATURES OF BIOGAS

1. Energy Content 6-6.5 kWh/m3

2.Fuel Equivalent 0.6-0.65 l oil/m3

3.Biogas Explosion Limits 6-12 %

4.Biogas in air Ignition Temperature 650-750 *C