Unidad 2

Resumen gramatical 2-1 Ser and estar: plural forms and uses

• You previously learned that ser and estar mean to be in English.

• Review when each of these verbs are used.

• The plural forms of ser and estar are also irregular, which means they don’t follow
the regular pattern of verb formation.
• Remember, after the subject has been mentioned or it is clearly understood, it is not
necessary to explicitly include the subject because the verb provides this information.

¿De dónde son ustedes? Somos de Guatemala.

¿Qué somos? Sois cómicos.
¿Son interesantes los libros? Sí, son interesantes.

• Also remember that adjectives need to match the gender and number of the nouns they modify.
(Nosotras) Estamos cansadas.
(Vosotros) Estáis en la universidad.
(Ellos) Están contentos.
• Examine and memorize the plural forms of the subject pronouns as well as their corresponding
conjugations for the verbs ser and estar. The grayed out singular forms are included for review.

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Unidad 2
Resumen gramatical 2-1 Ser and estar: plural forms and uses

• In Spanish, nosotras and ellas are traditionally used for a group of women,
and nosotros and ellos are used for a group of men or a group of mixed gender.
• Similarly, the subject pronouns vosotras (all women) and vosotros (all men, or mixed gender)
are subject pronouns that refer to a group of people you are talking to in an informal context –
you, plural, or “you all.” These subject pronouns are used in Spain, but not in the rest of the
Spanish-speaking world.
• Most Spanish-speakers use the form ustedes to address a group of people, in both formal
and informal contexts. The verb conjugation that corresponds to ustedes matches that of
ellos and ellas. Note that ustedes doesn’t have different masculine and feminine forms,
and is often abbreviated Uds. in writing.
(Vosotros) Sois cómicos. (Spain) (Ustedes) Son cómicos. (General Spanish)

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