lOMoARcPSD|23878820

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

Report of PBL Project On

Patient Health Monitoring System using

Arduino

Prepared By:

Atik Pathan
Chaitanya Autade
Dhiraj Bairy
Sachin Rathod
Abuzar Shaikh
Rutuja Chinuke

Under the guidance of:

Prachi Deshpande Mam

Academic Year: 2022-2023

PBL project Pattern-2019 (22-23) - SEMESTER IV (SE – E&tc)

DHOLE PATIL COLLAGE OF ENGINEERING

NEAR EON IT PARK KHARADI,DHOLE PATIL COLLAGE ROAD WAGHOLI,

PUNE, MAHARASHTRA 412207

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that following students:

Name Roll No

Atik Pathan …

Chaitanya Autade …

Sachin Rathod …

Abuzar Shaikh …

Dhiraj Bairy …

Rutuja Chinuke …

have submitted PBL Project Report on “Patient Health Monitoring System using Arduino” as the
partial fulfillment for the requirement of Second Year of Engineering (4th Semester) in S.E. – E&TC
under my guidance during the academic year 2022-2023.

Asst. Prof. Prachi Deshpande Dr. Rajankar Sir

Subject Incharge Head Of Department

Date of Examination:

Internal Examiner External Examiner

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Table of Contents

.
1. Abstract

2. Introduction

3. Literature Review

4. Proposed System

5. Hardware Requirements

6. Implementation Details and Results

7. Advanatages & Disadvantages

8. Application

9. Flowchart

10. Conclusion

11. Future Scope

12. References
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Abstract

Healthcare is given the extreme importance now a-days by each country with the advent of the novel
corona virus. So in this aspect, an health monitoring system is the best solution for such an epidemic.
It is the new revolution of internet which is the growing research area especially in the health care.
With the increase in use of wearable sensors and the smart phones, these remote health care
monitoring has evolved in such a pace.

monitoring of health helps in preventing the spread of disease as well as to get a proper diagnosis
of the state of health, even if the doctor is at far distance. In this paper, a portable physiological
checking framework is displayed, which can constantly screen the patient's heartbeat, temperature
and other basic parameters of the room. We proposed a nonstop checking and control instrument to
screen the patient condition and store the patient information's in server utilizing Wi-Fi Module
based remote correspondence. A remote health monitoring system using is proposed where the
authorized personal can access these data stored using any based on these values received, the
diseases are diagnosed by the doctors from a distance.
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Chapter 1: Introduction

Today internet has become one among the vital components of our daily life. It is
modified to methodologies how individuals live, work, play and learn. Internet
serves as a tool for several purposes like education, finance, business, industries,
recreation, social networking, shopping and etc. Future new mega trend of internet
is . Visualising a world wherever several objects will sense, communicate and
share data over a personal net protocol or public networks can be done through .
The interconnected objects collect the data at regular intervals, analyse and initiate
needed action, providing associate intelligent networks for analysing, designing
and decision making. This is the world of Internet of Things.
is mostly thought about as connecting object to the internet and victimisation
that affiliates for management of these objects or remote watching. But definition
of is creating a brilliant invisible network which may be detected, controlled and
programme. The products developed based on include embedded technology that
permits them to exchange information, with one another or the internet and it is
assessed that 8-50 billion devices are connected by 2020. Since these devices
come online, they provide better life style, create safer and more engaged
communities and revolutionised healthcare. In low and middle economical gain
countries, there is more and more growing range of individuals with persistent
diseases because of totally different risk factors like nutrient imbalance and
physical inactivity.
According to WHO report, 4.9million individuals die from carcinoma from the
consumption of snuff, over weight a pair of 2.6million, 4.4million for increased
cholesterol and 7.1million for high pressure.Chronic diseases are extremely
variable in their symptom, evolution and treatment. Some, if not monitored and
treated early, will end the patient’s life.
For several years the standard measure of glucose level, pressure level and
heart beat was calculated in specialised health centres. Due to the technological
development, there is a great variety of running sensors giving important signs
such as blood pressure cuff, glucometer and pulse monitor together with
electrocardiogram, which permits the patient to take their vital signs daily. The
readings taken daily are sent to doctors and enable them to suggest the medicine
and physical exercise routine that enable them to improve the quality of life and
overcome such disease.
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Chapter 2: Literature Review

S. J. Jung and W. Y. Chung studied the Flexible and scalable patient’s health monitoring system in
6LoWPAN . The main advantage of this enabling factor is the combination of some technologies and
communications solution. The results of Internet of Things are synergetic activities gathered in various
fields of knowledge like telecommunications, informatics and electronics.

K. S. Shin and M. J. Mao Kaiver studied a cell phone based health monitoring system with self analysis
which incorporates a new paradigm that uses smart objects which are not only capable of collecting
the information from the environment and interacting the physical world, but also to be interconnected
with each other through internet to exchange data as well as information

Gennaro tartarisco and Tabilo Paniclo had studied a Maintaining sensing coverage and connectivity in
large sensor networks mainly includes the information about how to build or develop a new
computational technology based on clinical decision support systems, information processing, wireless
communication and also data mining kept in new premises in the field of personal health care.

Cristina Elena Turcua studied Health care applications a solution based on the survey aims to present a
detailed information about how radio frequency identification, multi-agent and Internet of Things
technologies can be used to develop and improve people’s access to quality and health care services and
to optimize the health care process.

Gentili G.B proposed a simple microwave technique to monitor the cardiac activity. This technique is
dependent on changes in modulation envelope of amplitude modulated waves passing through the body .
It explained the use of wireless microsensors networks for medical monitoring and environmental
sensing.
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Chapter 3: Proposed System

3.1 Introduction
In this proposed work the vital parameters such as temperature, EEG and heart beat readings
which are monitored using Arduino Uno. These sensors signals are send to Arduino Uno via
amplifier circuit and signal conditioning unit (SCU), because the signals level are low (gain),
so amplifier circuit is used to gain up the signals and transmit the signals to the Arduino Uno.
Here patients body temperature , EEG and heart rate is measured using respective sensors and
it can be monitored in the screen of computer using Arduino Uno connected to a cloud
database system as well as monitored anywhere in the world using internet source. The
proposed method of patient monitoring system monitors patient’s health parameters using
Arduino Uno. After connecting internet to the Arduino uno, it is connected to cloud database
system which acts as a server. Then the server automatically sends data to the receiver
system. Hence, it enables continuous monitoring of the patient’s health parameters by the
doctor. Any abrupt increase or decrease in these parameter values can be detected at the
earliest and hence necessary medications can be implemented by the doctor immediately..
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Chapter 4: Hardware Requirements

Arduino UNO:

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and

software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a
Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED,
publishing something online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of
instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino programming
language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on Processing.

Fig 2: Arduino UNO

LCD 16x2:

An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and has a wide
range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used
in various devices and circuits. A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and
there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. The 16 x 2
intelligent alphanumeric dot matrix display is capable of displaying 224 different characters
and symbols. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data.

Fig 3: LCD 16x2

10
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Breadboard:

Breadboards are temporary work boards for electronic circuits. The general shape of a
breadboard is Compatible with most breadboards, 24-gauge wire is used to connect circuits;
solid wire, not stranded. Sometimes, kits may be available with various colors of fixed
lengths to specifically fit breadboards. These are a nice convenience. Breadboard has sets of
miniature sockets laid out on a 0.1 inch grid which will accept the manual insertion of
component leads and tinned copper wire (TCW) links. It has rows of contacts interconnected
in groups placed either side of the center line of the board, where the integrated circuits (ICs)
are inserted, giving multiple contacts on each IC pin.

Fig 4: Breadboard

Pulse Sensor:

The Heartbeat rate information knowing is very useful while doing exercise, studying, etc.
But, the heartbeat rate can be complicated to calculate. To overcome this problem, the pulse
sensor or heartbeat sensor is used. This is a plug & play sensor mainly designed for Arduino
board which can be used by makers, students, developers, artists who can utilize the heartbeat
information into their projects. This sensor uses an easy optical pulse sensor along with
amplification & cancellation of noise to make a circuit. By using this circuit, we can get fast
and reliable heartbeat readings. This circuit can be operated with 4mA current and 5V voltage
to use in mobile applications..

Fig 5: Pulse Sensor

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LM35 Temperature Sensor :

LM35 is a temperature measuring device having an analog output voltage proportional to the
temperature. It provides output voltage in Centigrade (Celsius). It does not require any external
calibration circuitry. The sensitivity of LM35 is 10 mV/degree Celsius. As temperature
increases, output voltage also increases.
The LM35 temperature sensor uses the basic principle of a diode to measure known
temperature value. As we all know from semiconductor physics, as the temperature increases the
voltage across a diode increases at a known rate.

Fig 6: LM35 Tempreture Sensor

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Chapter 5: Implementation Details and Results

The Patient Health Monitoring System developed is tested using various persons with normal
to abnormal health conditions. The various testing and findings producing results with
minimal error rate and the observations are listed below.

Fig 6. Circuit Diagram

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Chapter 6: Results

Fig 7. Patient Health Monitoring System Arduino

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Chapter 7:Advantages & Disadvantages

The main advantages of implementation in healthcare:  

1. Remote monitoring: Real-time remote monitoring via connected devices and smart alerts
can diagnose illnesses, treat diseases, and save lives in case of a medical emergency.
2. Prevention: Smart sensors analyze health conditions, lifestyle choices, and the environment
and recommend preventative measures, which will reduce the occurrence of diseases and
acute states.  
3. Reduction of healthcare costs: reduces costly visits to doctors and hospital admissions and
makes testing more affordable.
4. Medical data accessibility: Accessibility of electronic medical records allow patients to
receive quality care and help healthcare providers make the right medical decisions and
prevent complications. 
5. Improved treatment management: devices help track the administration of drugs and the
response to the treatment and reduce medical errors. 

Disadvantages

1.Privacy of Data

Privacy is the biggest challenge with , as all the connected devices transfer data in real-time. Personal
data can be hacked if this end to end connection is not secure. Criminals can use this personal data of
others for their own benefits.

2. Accuracy
Accuracy issues may come due to handling such massive data in real-time.

3. Cost
As compare to other the cost is lightly high
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Chapter 8: Application

The recent advancement in the technology has enabled the medical devices to make real-time analysis
that was not possible for doctors a few years ago. It has also supported the healthcare centers to reach
more people at a time and deliver excellent healthcare service at a minimal cost. The application of big
data and cloud computing has also made communication between the patient and doctors more reliable
and easier. This resulted in an enhanced patient’s engagement in the treatment process with a reduced
financial burden on the patient. The considerable impact of ,
which has been witnessed in recent years, is contributing to the evolution of applications that includes
disease diagnosis, personal care for pediatric and elderly patients, health and fitness management, and
supervision of chronic diseases. For a better grasp of these applications, it has been divided into two basic
categories, namely, services and applications. The former includes the concepts that are being used while
developing an device and the latter includes the healthcare applications in either diagnosis of a specific
health condition or measurements of health parameters. The following sections have included an detailed
description of the services and applications
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Chapter 9: Flow Chart

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Chapter 10: Conclusion

The proposed system of patient health monitoring can be highly used in

emergency situations as it can be daily monitored, recorded and stored as a
database. In future the device can be combined with the cloud computing so
that the database can be shared in all the hospitals for the intensive care and
treatment.

health monitoring systems have the potential to revolutionize the healthcare

industry by providing continuous monitoring of health parameters and
enabling early detection of health issues.

While there are challenges to implementing these systems, such as ensuring

data security and privacy, the benefits they offer make them a promising
solution for improving healthcare outcomes.
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Chapter 11: Future Scope

The main aim of our project is to display various notices which we have achieved using the
Bluetooth technology but as Bluetooth has a limited range, the application is limited to a
particular geographical area which is the main drawback of our system, so if the Bluetooth
Based Electronic Notice Board Based notice board disconnected to a Wireless fidelity the n
the range of the network can be increased. The inclusion of other effective parameters such as
date and time can be done as well as provisions can be made to display several notices
simultaneously can be achieved in the notice board. A playlist of certain default notices can
also be created to be display done daily basis such as the notice if welcome’ or the various
good thoughts can be done. The design can be made more user friendly by enhanced
interaction for the user. There can also be a provision for each student to connect his/her
mobile to the Bluetooth modem so that the notice can also be seen in their mobiles. We can
have detailed information about who has send the message, whether the message has been
read or not by the receiver. Another advancement that can be made to the current model is
that a buzzer and a led can be added in order to make aware the receiver a new message or
notice that arrived will not go unread.
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Chapter 12: REFERENCES

1. Fabacademy. 2017. Rajan, R. Final Project: Self-Balancing Robot. Fablab Trivandrum, Technopark,
Kerala, India. Read on 10.9.2018. `
2. Instructables. 2017. Arduino Self-Balancing Robot. Read on 8.9.2018.
https://www.instructables.com/Arduino-Self-Balancing-Robot-1/

3. How To Mechatronics. 2017. Arduino DC Motor Control Tutorial – L298N | PWM | H-Bridge. How
To Mechatronics. Read on 12.9.2018 https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/arduino-dc-motor-
control-tutorial-l298n-pwm-h-bridge/

4. https://www.Arduino.cc
5. https://controlguru.com/PID Control and Derivative on Measurement – Control Guru
6. How MPU module Works and Interfacing it with Arduino
https://circuitdigest.com/interfacing of MPU6050 using arduino