CSTR

MINI PROJECT COVERSHEET
Attach this coversheet as the cover of your submission. All sections must be completed.
Section A: Submission Details
Types of Chemical PHOSPHORIC ACID

Production Rate 275, 000 MTA
CONTINOUS STIRRED TANK REACTOR
Types of Reactor
(CSTR)
(Student Name)
No *According to the work task distributed Student ID Program
Student 1 AHMAD IZZUDIN ARIF BIN RAMLEE 55222120127 BCP

Student 2 MUHAMMAD FIRHAD HAZRANI BIN ZAIMI 55222120119 BCP
Student 3 MUHAMMAD AMIR AIMAN BIN OMAR 55213120087 BCP
Student 4 MOHAMED HANIF BIN MOHAMED RAWI 55222120105 BCP
Student 5 MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL SYAKIR BIN BAHAZIN 55222121179 BCP
Course Code & Name : CKB 20104 (Reaction Engineering)
Course Lecturer(s) : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kelly Yong Tau Len
Deadline : Day 29 Month 5 Year 2022 Time 11:59pm
Plagiarised work is an Academic Offence as stated in University Rules &

Penalties
Regulations and will be penalised accordingly.
Section B: Declaration of Academic Integrity
Tick (✓) each box below if all of you agree:
✓ You have read and understood the UniKL’s policy on Plagiarism in University Rules & Regulations. This
✓ submission is your own, unless indicated with proper referencing.

✓ This submission has not been previously submitted or published. This
✓ submission follows the requirements stated in the course.
1
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. MASS BALANCE (STUDENT 1)............................................................................3
1.1 Production Rate of Phosphoric Acid................................................................3
1.2 Chemical Reaction Involved To Produce Phosphoric Acid.............................3
1.3 Block Flow Diagram........................................................................................3
1.4 Mass Balance For Each Section.......................................................................4
2. STOCHIOMETRIC TABLE (STUDENT 2)............................................................6
2.1 Production Rate of Phosphoric Acid: 275,000 MTA.......................................7
2.2 Molar Flowrate B.............................................................................................8
2.3 ONE OF RAW MATERIAL FEED RATE INCREASES (0 – 100%).........10
2.3.1 Stochiometric Table for 0% Feed Rate................................................10
2.3.2 Stochiometric Table for 20% Feed Rate..............................................11
2.3.6 Stochiometric Table for 100% Feed Rate............................................15
2.4 ONE OF RAW MATERIAL FEED RATE INCREASES (0 – 100%).........16
2.4.6 Stochiometric Table for 100% Feed Rate............................................21
3.0 REACTION KINETICS (STUDENT 3)...............................................................22
3.1 Phosphoric Acid Reaction Order....................................................................23
3.2 Determination of the Rate constant, k............................................................23
3.3 Reaction Order Calculation............................................................................24
4.0 REACTOR DESIGN AND SIZING (STUDENT 4 and 5)...................................27
5.0 REFERENCES.......................................................................................................30
2
1. MASS BALANCE (STUDENT 1)
1.1 Production Rate of Phosphoric Acid
275,000 MTA
Conversion of Production Rate: 1
Metric Ton: 1,000 kg
275,000 1,000
𝑒𝑟 X 1 𝑒𝑟 1 1 ℎ𝑢𝑟
1 X 365 𝑠 X 24 ℎ𝑢𝑟𝑠 X 60 𝑢𝑒𝑠
= 52.32 kg/min
So, the flowrate of the product stream of phosphoric acid is 52.32 kg/min
1.2 Chemical Reaction Involved To Produce Phosphoric Acid.
reaction between phosphate rock and sulphuric acid producing

calcium phosphate, calcium sulphate (gypsum) and hydrofluoric acid.
2Ca5FO12P3 + H2SO4 + 2H2O→ 3Ca3(PO4)2 + CaSO4 + 2H2O + 2HF
reaction of calcium phosphate produce from the first reaction with sulphuric acid produce
phosphoric acid and gypsum.
3Ca3(PO4)2 + 3(3H2SO4) + 3(6H2O)→3(2H3PO4) + 3(3CaSO4) + 3(6H2O)
1.3 Block Flow Diagram
1 2 3 4
3
1.4 Mass Balance For Each Section
Section 1 (Reactor Series)

Types of
Intop (kg/min) Inmiddle (kg/min) Inbottom (kg/min) Out (kg/min)
species
Phosphate
- 116.51 52.03 52.03
Rock
Sulphuric Acid 28.83 - - 11.75
Calcium
- - - 55.33
Sulphate
Calcium
- - - 16.21
Phosphate
Phosphoric Acid - - - 23.54
Water 21.63 - - 46.54
Hydrofluoric
- - - 4.26
Acid
TOTAL 50.46 116.51 52.03 219.66
Section 2 (Filter)
Types of species In (kg/min) Outbottom (kg/min) Outtop (kg/min)

Phosphate Rock 52.03 52.03 -
Sulphuric Acid 11.75 - 11.75
Calcium Sulphate 55.33 - 55.33
Calcium Phosphate 16.21 - 16.21
Phosphoric Acid 23.54 - 23.54
Water 46.54 - 46.54
Hydrofluoric Acid 4.26 - 4.26
TOTAL 219.66 52.03 157.63
4
Section 3 (Separator)
Types of species In (kg/min) Outbottom (kg/min) Outtop (kg/min)

Sulphuric Acid 11.75 8.97 2.78
Calcium Sulphate 55.33 55.33 -
Calcium Phosphate 16.21 16.21 -
Water 46.54 14.65 31.89
Hydrofluoric Acid 4.26 - 4.26
TOTAL 157.63 95.16 62.47
Section 4 (Evaporator)
Types of species In (kg/min) Outbottom (kg/min) Outtop(kg/min)

Sulphuric Acid 2.78 - 2.78
Calcium Sulphate - - -
Calcium Phosphate - - -
Water 31.89 5.89 26.00
Hydrofluoric Acid 4.26 4.26 -
TOTAL 62.47 10.15 52.32
5
2. STOCHIOMETRIC TABLE (STUDENT 2)
General Equation for production of Phosphoric Acid:
3(𝑂4)2 + 32 𝑂4 23 𝑂4 + 3𝑂4
A + B C + D
SPECIES SYMBOL INITIAL (mol/s) CHANGE REMAINING

(mol/s)
3 (𝑂4 )2 A FA0 -FA0X FA= FA0-FA0X
32 𝑂4 B FB0= FA0.ѲB − 𝐴0 FB0=

FA0.ѲB− 𝐴0
23𝑂4 C FC0= FA0.ѲC + 𝐴0 FC0=

FA0.ѲC+ 𝐴0
3𝑂4 D FD0= FA0.ѲD + 𝐴0 FD0=

FA0.ѲD+ 𝐴0
FT0 = FA0 + FT =
FA0.ѲB + FA0.ѲC FA+ FB+ FC+ FD
+ FA0.ѲD
Table 2.0: Basic Stochiometric Table
6
2.1 Production Rate of Phosphoric Acid: 275,000 MTA
Conversion of Production Rate: 1
Metric Ton: 1,000,000 g

275,000 1,000,000
𝑒𝑟 X 1 𝑒𝑟 1 1 ℎ𝑢𝑟
1 X 365 𝑠 X 24 ℎ𝑢𝑟𝑠 X 3600 𝑠𝑒𝑠
= 8720 g/s
Initial molar flowrate:
FA0 = CA0 X V0
𝐴0.0
CA0 =
0
Based on Stage 1:
yA0= 0.6 yB0= 0.94 P0= 1 atm R= 0.082057 L atm/mol.KT= 353.15 K
0.6(1atm)
CA0= Using same formula CB0= 0.032M
0.082057 (353.15)
.
= 0.021 M
FA0= 0.021M X 50 L/s

= 1.05 mol/s
𝐵0
ѲB= 0.032 = 1.524
𝐴0 =
0.021
7
2.2 Molar Flowrate B:
Molar mass = 98.079 g/mol

1
So, Fb = 8720 g/s X
98.079 = 88.91 mol/s
Stochiometric Table with Values

X= 25%
SPECIES SYMBOL INITIAL (mol/s) CHANGE REMAINING (mol/s)
3 (𝑂4)2 A FA0 = 1.05 mol/s -FA0X FA= FA0-FA0X

= -1.05 (0.25) = 1.05 – 0.2625
= -0.2625 = 0.7875
32𝑂4 B FB0= FA0.ѲB − 𝐴0 FB= FA0.ѲB− 𝐴0
= 1.05(1.524)
= 1.6 – 0.7875
= 1.6 =- 3
(1.05) (0.25)
1 = 0.8125
= - 0.7875
23𝑂4 C FC0 = FA0.ѲC + 𝐴0 FC= FA0.ѲC+ 𝐴0
=0 = 0 + 0.525
2
= (1.05) (0.25)
1 = 0.525
= 0.525
3𝑂4 D FD0 = FA0.ѲD + 𝐴0 FD= FA0.ѲD+ 𝐴0

=0
3 = 0 + 0.7875
= (1.05) (0.25) =0.7875
1
= 0.7875
FT0 = FA0 + FA0.ѲB + FA0.ѲC + FA0.ѲD FT = FA+ FB+ FC+ FD
= 1.05 + 1.6 + 0 + 0 = 0.7875 + 0.8125 + 0.525 +
= 2.65 mol/s 0.7875
= 2.913 mol/s
Table 2.1: Actual Stochiometric Tables (X=25%) for Phosphoric Acid Production.
8
Stochiometric Table with Values
X = 50%
3 (𝑂4 )2 A FA0 = 1.05 mol/s -FA0X FA= FA0-FA0X

= -1.05 (0.50) = 1.05 – 0.525
= -0.525 = 0.525
= 1.05(1.524)
= 1.6 – 1.575
= 1.6 =- 3
(1.05)
1 = 0.025
(0.50)
= - 1.575
=0 = 0 + 1.05
2
= (1.05)
1 = 1.05
(0.50)
= 1.05

=0
3 = 0 + 1.575
= (1.05)
1 =1.575
(0.50)
= 1.575
= 1.05 + 1.6 + 0 + 0 = 0.525 + 0.025 + 1.05 +
= 2.65 mol/s 1.575
= 3.175 mol/s
Table 2.2: Actual Stochiometric Tables (X=50%) for Phosphoric Acid Production.
9
2.3 ONE OF RAW MATERIAL FEED RATE INCREASES (0 – 100%)
Chose= A (𝑎(𝑂)) For
conversion, X= 25%
2.3.1 Stochiometric Table for 0% Feed Rate

= -1.05 (0.25) = 1.05 – 0.2625
= -0.2625 = 0.7875
= 1.05(1.524)
= 1.6 – 0.7875
= 1.6 =- 3
(1.05)
1 = 0.8125
(0.25)
= - 0.7875
=0 = 0 + 0.525
2
= (1.05)
1 = 0.525
(0.25)
= 0.525

=0
3 = 0 + 0.7875
= (1.05)
1 =0.7875
(0.25)
= 0.7875
= 1.05 + 1.6 + 0 + 0 = 0.7875 + 0.8125 +
= 2.65 mol/s 0.525 +
0.7875
= 2.913 mol/s
Table 2.3.1: Stochiometric Tables for 0% Raw Material Feed Rate
10
FA from Actual Stochiometric Table: 0.7875 mol/s

Mass of raw material A, 3 (𝑂4)2
MW= 310.18 g/mol
MA= FA X MW A
= 0.7875 X 310.18
= 244.27 g/s
120
New mass flowrate after 20%=
100 X 244.27 g/s
𝐴
FA0=
1− =
1.20 = 1.6 mol/s
1−0.25
= 293.12 g/s
1
FA = 293.12 g/s X
244.27
= 1.20 mol/s

= -1.6 (0.25) = 1.6 – 0.4
= -0.4 = 1.2
32 𝑂4 B FB0= FA0.ѲB − 𝐴0 FB= FA0.ѲB− 𝐴0
= 1.6(1.524)
= 2.4384 – 1.2
= 2.4384 =- 3
(1.6)
1 = 1.2384
(0.25)
= -1.2
=0 = 0 + 0.8
2
= (1.6) (0.25)
1 = 0.8
= 0.8

=0
3 = 0 + 1.2
= (1.6) (0.25)
1 =1.2
= 1.2
= 1.6 + 2.4384 + 0 + 0 = 1.2 + 1.2384 + 0.8 +
= 4.0384 mol/s 1.2
= 4.4384 mol/s
Table 2.3.2: Stochiometric Tables for 20% Raw Material A
11

MW= 310.18 g/mol
MA= FA X MW A
= 0.7875 X 310.18
= 244.27 g/s
140
100 X 244.27 g/s
𝐴
FA0=
1− =
1.40 = 1.87 mol/s
1−0.25
= 341.978 g/s
1
FA = 341.978 g/s X
244.27
= 1.4 mol/s

= -1.87 (0.25) = 1.87 – 0.4675
= -0.4675 = 1.4
= 1.87(1.524)
= 2.85 – 1.4025
= 2.85 =- 3
(1.87)
1 = 1.448
(0.25)
= -1.4025
=0 = 0 + 0.935
2
= (1.87)
1 = 0.935
(0.25)
= 0.935

=0
3 = 0 + 1.4025
= (1.87)
1 =1.4025
(0.25)
= 1.4025
= 1.87 + 2.85 + 0 + 0 = 1.4 + 1.448 + 0.935 +
= 4.72 mol/s 1.4025
= 5.1855 mol/s
12

MW= 310.18 g/mol
MA= FA X MW A
= 0.7875 X 310.18
= 244.27 g/s
160
100 X 244.27 g/s
𝐴
FA0=
1− =
1.60 = 2.13 mol/s
1−0.25
= 390.832 g/s
1
FA = 390.832 g/s X
244.27
= 1.6 mol/s

= -2.13 (0.25) = 2.13 – 0.5325
= -0.5325 = 1.6
= 2.13(1.524)
= 3.25 – 1.6
= 3.25 =- 3
(2.13)
1 = 1.65
(0.25)
= -1.6
=0 = 0 + 1.065
2
= (2.13)
1 = 1.065
(0.25)
= 1.065
=0
3 = 0 + 1.6
= (2.13)
1 =1.6
(0.25)
= 1.6
= 2.13 + 3.25 + 0 + 0 = 1.6 + 1.65 + 1.065 +
= 5.38 mol/s 1.6
= 5.915 mol/s
13

MW= 310.18 g/mol
MA= FA X MW A
= 0.7875 X 310.18
= 244.27 g/s
180
100 X 244.27 g/s
𝐴
FA0=
1− =
1.80 = 2.4 mol/s
1−0.25
= 439.686 g/s
1
FA = 439.686 g/s X
244.27
= 1.8 mol/s

= -2.4 (0.25) = 2.4 – 0.6
= -0.6 = 1.8
= 2.4(1.524)
= 3.66 – 1.8
= 3.66 =- 3
(2.4)
1 = 1.86
(0.25)
= -1.8
=0 = 0 + 1.2
2
= (2.4) (0.25)
1 = 1.2
= 1.2
=0
3 = 0 + 1.8
= (2.4) (0.25)
1 =1.8
= 1.8
= 2.4 + 3.66 + 0 + 0 = 1.8 + 1.86 + 1.2 +
= 6.06 mol/s 1.8
= 6.66 mol/s
14

MW= 310.18 g/mol
MA= FA X MW A
= 0.7875 X 310.18
= 244.27 g/s
200
100 X 244.27 g/s
𝐴
FA0=
1− =
2 = 2.67 mol/s
1−0.25
= 488.54 g/s
1
FA = 488.54 g/s X
244.27
= 2 mol/s

= -2.67 (0.25) = 2.67 – 0.67
= -0.67 =2
= 2.67(1.524)
= 4.1 – 2
= 4.1 =- 3
(2.67)
1 = 2.1
(0.25)
= -2
=0 = 0 + 1.335
2
= (2.67)
1 = 1.335
(0.25)
= 1.335
=0
3 =0+2
= (2.67)
1 =2
(0.25)
=2
= 2.67 + 4.1 + 0 + 0 = 2 + 2.1 + 1.335 +
= 6.77 mol/s 2
= 7.435 mol/s
15
2.4 ONE OF RAW MATERIAL FEED RATE INCREASES (0 – 100%)
Chose= A (𝑎(𝑂)) For
conversion, X= 50%

= -1.05 (0.50) = 1.05 – 0.525
= -0.525 = 0.525
32 𝑂4 B FB0= FA0.ѲB − 𝐴0 FB= FA0.ѲB− 𝐴0
= 1.05(1.524)
= 1.6 – 1.575
= 1.6 =- 3
(1.05)
1 = 0.025
(0.50)
= - 1.575
=0 = 0 + 1.05
2
= (1.05)
1 = 1.05
(0.50)
= 1.05

=0
3 = 0 + 1.575
= (1.05)
1 =1.575
(0.50)
= 1.575
= 1.05 + 1.6 + 0 + 0 = 0.525 + 0.025 + 1.05 +
= 2.65 mol/s 1.575
= 3.175 mol/s
16

MW= 310.18 g/mol
MA= FA X MW A
= 0.7875 X 310.18
= 244.27 g/s
120
100 X 244.27 g/s
𝐴
FA0=
1− =
1.20 = 2.4 mol/s
1−0.50
= 293.12 g/s
1
FA = 293.12 g/s X
244.27
= 1.20 mol/s

= -2.4 (0.50) = 2.4 – 1.2
= -1.2 = 1.2
= 2.4(1.524)
= 3.658 – 3.6
= 3.658 =- 3
(2.4)
1 = 0.058
(0.50)
= - 3.6
=0 = 0 + 1.2
2
= (2.4) (0.50)
1 = 1.2
= 1.2

=0
3 = 0 + 3.6
= (2.4) (0.50)
1 =3.6
= 3.6
= 2.4 + 3.658 + 0 + 0 = 1.2 + 0.058 + 1.2 +
= 6.058 mol/s 3.6
= 6.058 mol/s
17

MW= 310.18 g/mol
MA= FA X MW A
= 0.7875 X 310.18
= 244.27 g/s
140
100 X 244.27 g/s
𝐴
FA0=
1− =
1.40 = 2.8 mol/s
1−0.50
= 341.978 g/s
1
FA = 341.978 g/s X
244.27
= 1.40 mol/s

= -2.8 (0.50) = 2.8 – 1.4
= -1.4 = 1.4
= 2.8(1.524)
= 4.27 – 4.2
= 4.27 =- 3
(2.8)
1 = 0.07
(0.50)
= - 4.2
=0 = 0 + 2.8
2
= (2.8) (0.50)
1 = 2.8
= 2.8

=0
3 = 0 + 4.2
= (2.8) (0.50)
1 =4.2
= 4.2
= 2.8 + 4.27 + 0 + 0 = 1.4 + 0.07 + 2.8 +
= 7.07 mol/s 4.2
= 8.47 mol/s
18

MW= 310.18 g/mol
MA= FA X MW A
= 0.7875 X 310.18
= 244.27 g/s
160
100 X 244.27 g/s
𝐴
FA0=
1− =
1.60 = 3.2 mol/s
1−0.50
= 390.832 g/s
1
FA = 390.832 g/s X
244.27
= 1.60 mol/s

= -3.2 (0.50) = 3.2 – 1.6
= -1.6 = 1.6
= 3.2(1.524)
= 4.877 – 4.8
= 4.877 =- 3
(3.2)
1 = 0.077
(0.50)
= - 4.8
=0 = 0 + 3.2
2
= (3.2) (0.50)
1 = 3.2
= 3.2

=0
3 = 0 + 4.8
= (3.2) (0.50) =4.8
1
= 4.8
= 3.2 + 4.877 + 0 + 0 = 1.6 + 0.077 + 3.2 +
= 8.077 mol/s 4.8
= 9.677 mol/s
19

MW= 310.18 g/mol
MA= FA X MW A
= 0.7875 X 310.18
= 244.27 g/s
180
100 X 244.27 g/s
𝐴
FA0=
1− =
1.80 = 3.6 mol/s
1−0.50
= 439.686 g/s
1
FA = 439.686 g/s X
244.27
= 1.80 mol/s

= -3.6 (0.50) = 3.6 – 1.8
= -1.8 = 1.8
= 3.6(1.524)
= 5.4864 – 5.4
= 5.4864 =- 3
(3.6)
1 = 0.0864
(0.50)
= - 5.4
=0 = 0 + 3.6
2
= (3.6) (0.50)
1 = 3.6
= 3.6

=0
3 = 0 + 5.4
= (3.6) (0.50) =5.4
1
= 5.4
= 3.6 + 5.4864 + 0 + 0 = 1.8 + 0.0864 + 3.6 +
= 9.1 mol/s 5.4
= 10.8864 mol/s
20

MW= 310.18 g/mol
MA= FA X MW A
= 0.7875 X 310.18
= 244.27 g/s
200
100 X 244.27 g/s
𝐴
FA0=
1− =
2 = 4 mol/s
1−0.50
= 488.54 g/s
1
FA = 488.54 g/s X
244.27
= 2 mol/s
3 (𝑂4 )2 A FA0 = 4 mol/s -FA0X FA= FA0-FA0X

= -4 (0.50) =4–2
= -2 =2
= 4(1.524)
= 6.096 – 6
= 6.096 =- 3
(4) (0.50)
1 = 0.096
=-6
=0 =0+4
2
= (4) (0.50)
1 =4
=4

=0
3 =0+6
= (4) (0.50)
1 =6
=6
= 4 + 6.096 + 0 + 0 = + 0.096 + 4 + 6
= 10.096 mol/s = 10.8864 mol/s
21
3.0 REACTION KINETICS (STUDENT 3)
Kinetic studies are helpful for analyzing reactions and have practical applications. In
industry, for example, reactions are carried out in reactors, where substances are mixed
together, perhaps heated and churned for a while, and then transported to the next stage of the
process. It is critical to understand how long to hold the reaction at one step before going on,
in order to ensure that the previous reaction has completed before beginning the next (1:
Introduction to Reaction Kinetics - Chemistry LibreTexts, n.d.).
For a chemical reaction, the rate law (also known as the rate equation) is an expression
that describes the connection between the rate of the reaction and the concentrations of the
reactants involved. The Rate Law is expressed as the rate constant and the concentration of
the reactants based on the reaction order respected as shown below: (Rate Law -
Expression, Rate Constants, Integrated Rate Equation, n.d.).
Rate ∝ [A]x[B]y ⇒ Rate = k[A]x[B]y
Reaction Order was the rate law links the reaction rate, –rA with reactant
concentrations (CA and CB) and reaction rate constant (k). Based on Power Law Model,
reaction rate, –rA is given as follows. The exponents and β are the REACTION ORDERS
(typically Zero, First, or Second Order).
-rA = K(CC)
Based on the equation above, we can say that the reaction is α order with respect to
reactant A, and β order with respect to reactant B. The overall order of the reaction, η is η = α
+ β.
22
3.1 Phosphoric Acid Reaction Order
3 (𝑂4 )2 + 32𝑂4 23 𝑂4 + 3𝑂4 (Phosphate

rock) + (Sulfuric acid) (Phosphoric acid) + (Calcium Sulfate)
Reactant A + Reactant B Product C + Product D
The rate of reaction on phosphoric acid production was non-elementary rate law. The second
order of the rate law with respect to the 3 (𝑂4)2 and and first order with respect to 32 𝑂4 .
The overall order for the reaction was second order of the rate law.
3.2 Determination of the Rate constant, k
The rate constant of the reaction is crucial to calculated in order to obtain the rate of
reaction of Phosphoric Acid at respective operating condition. The rate constant, k can be
determined by using the following formula from Arrhenius equation;
−𝑎
Arrhenius equation, k = Aexp ( )
𝑇
Where;
k is the reaction rate constant
A is the Pre-exponential factor (A) (s-1) Ea
is the Activation Energy (cal.mol-1) R is
the gas constant (1.9872 cal/K.mol)
T is the temperature at respective process temperature
23
Rate Constant, K Calculation
(The Kinetics Reaction of Phosphoric Acid Formation from Cow Bone | Journal of
Research and Technology, n.d.)
−𝑎
Arrhenius equation, k = Aexp ( )
𝑇
Ea = 3742 Cal/mole
R = 1.987 cal/mol.K
T = 353.15 K
A = 120.5 min
k = (120.5
L −3742 / ) = 5.82 x 𝟏−
) exp (
mol.min 1.987 (353.15) .
.
3.3 Reaction Order Calculation
3 (𝑂4)2 + 32 𝑂4 23 𝑂4 + 3𝑂4
(Phosphate rock) + (Sulfuric acid) (Phosphoric acid) + (Calcium Sulfate)
Reactant A + Reactant B Product C + Product D
Calculation for Reactor 1 (Conversion = 25%)

Initial Concentration
mol
CA0 = 0.021
L
mol
CB0 = 0.032
L
CB0 0.032 M
B= =
CA0 = 1.524
0.021 M
Initial Volumetric Flowrate, 0
0= 50 L/min
24
Initial molar flowrate, FA0
mol
FA0 = 0.021
L X 50 L/min = 1.05 mol/min
For Reactant A, Temperature = 353.15K, Conversion = 0.25 (25%)
FA FA0 (1−X) 1.05 mol/min(1−0.25)
CA = = =
v v0 50L/min
= 0.01575
For Reactant B, Temperature = 353.15K, Conversion = 0.25 (25%)
FB FA0 (θB−X) 1.05 mol/min (1.524−3(0.25) )

CB = = =
v v0 50 L/min
= 0.01625
Reaction Order Rate Law

Conversion = 25%
L
k = 5.82 x 10−1
mol.min
Second Order with respect to A

-rA = kC
L mol
-rA = (5.82 x 10−1 ) = 1.44 x −
mol.min ) L .
Calculation for Reactor 2 (Conversion = 50%)

Initial Concentration
mol
CA0 = 0.021
L
mol
CB0 = 0.032
L
CB0 0.032 M
B= =
CA0 = 1.524
0.021 M
Initial Volumetric Flowrate, 0
0= 50 L/min
25
Initial molar flowrate, FA0
mol
FA0 = 0.021
L X 50 L/min = 1.05 mol/min
For Reactant A, Temperature = 353.15K, Conversion = 0.50 (50%)

FA FA0 (1−X) 1.05 mol/min(1−0.50)
CA = = =
v v0 50L/min
= 0.0105
For Reactant B, Temperature = 353.15K, Conversion = 0.50 (50%)

FB FA0 (θB−X) 1.05 mol/min (1.524−3(0.25) )
CB = = =
v v0 50 L/min
−
= 5.04 x
Reaction Order Rate Law

Conversion = 25%
L
k = 5.82 x 10−1
mol.min
Second Order with respect to A

-rA = kC
L mol
-rA = (5.82 x 10−1 ) = 6.416 x −
mol.min ) L .
26
4.0 REACTOR DESIGN AND SIZING (STUDENT 4 and 5)
Part 4 : Reactor Design and Sizing ( Student 4 and 5)
2 (𝑂4 )2 + 32 𝑂4 → 23𝑂4 + 3𝑂4
(Phosphate rock) + (sulfuric acid) ( phosphate acid )+ ( calcium sulphate)

(Reactant A ) + (Reactant B ) ( Product C ) + ( Product D)
Second Order Rate Law
Volume for the CSTR

Production rate : 275, 000 MTA = 275, 000, 000 kg
Rate law ( from student 3) = -ra = KCa2
𝐴𝑂
= − 𝑟𝐴
Sample flow of the CSTR reactor in series
𝐴𝑂1
,1 = − 𝑟𝐴1
,2 𝐴𝑂 2 ( − 1)
= − 𝑟𝐴2
27
temperature = 80 °C = 353.15 K
FAO = 1.05 mol/min Conversion,1
= 0.25 (25%)
Conversion,2 = 0.50 (50%) From student 3
-rA ( 0.25) = 1.44 × 10-4 mol/dm3.min
-rA ( 0.50) = 6.416 × 10-5 mol/dm3.min
𝐴𝑂 1 1.05 0.25
,1 = =
− 𝑟𝐴1
1.44 × 10−4
.
VCSTR,1 = 1822.92 L
𝐴𝑂 (2 − )1 1.05 ( 0.50 − 0.25 )

,2 = =
− 𝑟𝐴2 6.416 × 10−5
.
VCSTR,2 = 4091.33 L
28
Complete diagram of the reactor
29
5.0 REFERENCES
1: Introduction to Reaction Kinetics - Chemistry LibreTexts. (n.d.). Retrieved May

26, 2022, from
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemi
stry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical
_Chemistry)/Kinetics/01%3A_Introduction_to_Reaction_Kinetics
Rate Law - Expression, Rate Constants, Integrated Rate Equation. (n.d.).
Retrieved May 26, 2022, from
https://byjus.com/chemistry/rate-law-laws-of-motion/
The Kinetics Reaction of Phosphoric Acid Formation from Cow Bone | Journal
of Research and Technology. (n.d.). Retrieved May 27, 2022, from
https://journal.unusida.ac.id/index.php/jrt/article/view/234
30

CSTR

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CSTR

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MINI PROJECT COVERSHEET

Section A: Submission Details

Types of Chemical PHOSPHORIC ACID

Student 1 AHMAD IZZUDIN ARIF BIN RAMLEE 55222120127 BCP

Course Code & Name : CKB 20104 (Reaction Engineering)

Course Lecturer(s) : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kelly Yong Tau Len

Deadline : Day 29 Month 5 Year 2022 Time 11:59pm

Plagiarised work is an Academic Offence as stated in University Rules &

Section B: Declaration of Academic Integrity

Tick (✓) each box below if all of you agree:

✓ submission is your own, unless indicated with proper referencing.

1.1 Production Rate of Phosphoric Acid

1.2 Chemical Reaction Involved To Produce Phosphoric Acid.

reaction between phosphate rock and sulphuric acid producing

1.3 Block Flow Diagram

Section 1 (Reactor Series)

Types of species In (kg/min) Outbottom (kg/min) Outtop (kg/min)

Types of species In (kg/min) Outbottom (kg/min) Outtop (kg/min)

Types of species In (kg/min) Outbottom (kg/min) Outtop(kg/min)

General Equation for production of Phosphoric Acid:

SPECIES SYMBOL INITIAL (mol/s) CHANGE REMAINING

3 (𝑂4 )2 A FA0 -FA0X FA= FA0-FA0X

32 𝑂4 B FB0= FA0.ѲB − 𝐴0 FB0=

23𝑂4 C FC0= FA0.ѲC + 𝐴0 FC0=

3𝑂4 D FD0= FA0.ѲD + 𝐴0 FD0=

Table 2.0: Basic Stochiometric Table

Conversion of Production Rate: 1

Metric Ton: 1,000,000 g

Initial molar flowrate:

FA0= 0.021M X 50 L/s

Molar mass = 98.079 g/mol

Stochiometric Table with Values

SPECIES SYMBOL INITIAL (mol/s) CHANGE REMAINING (mol/s)

3 (𝑂4)2 A FA0 = 1.05 mol/s -FA0X FA= FA0-FA0X

3𝑂4 D FD0 = FA0.ѲD + 𝐴0 FD= FA0.ѲD+ 𝐴0

SPECIES SYMBOL INITIAL (mol/s) CHANGE REMAINING (mol/s)

3 (𝑂4 )2 A FA0 = 1.05 mol/s -FA0X FA= FA0-FA0X

3𝑂4 D FD0 = FA0.ѲD + 𝐴0 FD= FA0.ѲD+ 𝐴0

Chose= A (𝑎(𝑂)) For

2.3.1 Stochiometric Table for 0% Feed Rate

SPECIES SYMBOL INITIAL (mol/s) CHANGE REMAINING (mol/s)

3 (𝑂4)2 A FA0 = 1.05 mol/s -FA0X FA= FA0-FA0X

3𝑂4 D FD0 = FA0.ѲD + 𝐴0 FD= FA0.ѲD+ 𝐴0

Table 2.3.1: Stochiometric Tables for 0% Raw Material Feed Rate

FA from Actual Stochiometric Table: 0.7875 mol/s

SPECIES SYMBOL INITIAL (mol/s) CHANGE REMAINING (mol/s)

3 (𝑂4 )2 A FA0 = 1.6 mol/s -FA0X FA= FA0-FA0X

3𝑂4 D FD0 = FA0.ѲD + 𝐴0 FD= FA0.ѲD+ 𝐴0

Table 2.3.2: Stochiometric Tables for 20% Raw Material A

FA from Actual Stochiometric Table: 0.7875 mol/s

SPECIES SYMBOL INITIAL (mol/s) CHANGE REMAINING (mol/s)

3 (𝑂4)2 A FA0 = 1.87 mol/s -FA0X FA= FA0-FA0X

3𝑂4 D FD0 = FA0.ѲD + 𝐴0 FD= FA0.ѲD+ 𝐴0

Table 2.3.3: Stochiometric Tables for 40% Raw Material A

FA from Actual Stochiometric Table: 0.7875 mol/s

SPECIES SYMBOL INITIAL (mol/s) CHANGE REMAINING (mol/s)

3 (𝑂4)2 A FA0 = 2.13 mol/s -FA0X FA= FA0-FA0X

Table 2.3.4: Stochiometric Tables for 60% Raw Material A

FA from Actual Stochiometric Table: 0.7875 mol/s

SPECIES SYMBOL INITIAL (mol/s) CHANGE REMAINING (mol/s)

3 (𝑂4)2 A FA0 = 2.4 mol/s -FA0X FA= FA0-FA0X

Table 2.3.5: Stochiometric Tables for 80% Raw Material A

FA from Actual Stochiometric Table: 0.7875 mol/s

SPECIES SYMBOL INITIAL (mol/s) CHANGE REMAINING (mol/s)