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DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST
SECTION 2
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
Time-25 minutes
(including the reading of the directions)
Now set your clock for 25 minutes.

This section is designed to measure vour ability'' to recognize language that is appropriate for standard
u'ritten English. There are t\No tlrpes of questions in this section, v,'ith special directions for each tvpe.

Structure
Directions: These questions are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you r,r'ill see four words
or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one u'ord or phrase that best completes the
sentence. Then, on vour ans\ver sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the ansrver vou have chosen.

Look at the 1'ollorving examples.

Example I Sample Answer

The president the election bv a landslide. O

@
(A) r.r'on e
(B) he r,r'on - O)
(C) 1'esterdav
(D) fortunatelv

The sentence should read, "The president rvon the election bv a landslide." Therefore, vou should
choose ansu''er (A).

Example II Sample Answer

@,
When the conference?
(A) the--doctor attended
o
@
(B) did the doctor attend @
(C) the doctor u'ill attend
(D) the doctor'.s attendance

The sentence should read, "When did the doctor attend the conference?" Therefore, volr should
choose ansrver (B).

IOI:FJ, te\t di|ections and loilrat arr'r'eprintccl b\ permissi()n

I tTS, thc coprright orrner. f{rnvcver, all cranrpies ancl tcst
iLr.sli()ns !ire pror idecl br Pearson Ecittcatiotr, lrc. STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION PRE-TEST 55
 2o2o2o2o2o2o2o2
In the earlv 1900s, Eastman Researchers have begun str-rdving u'hat
inerpensive Brou,nie box cameras. is on human circadian rhvthms.
(A) it der,eloped - (A) it is the elfect of light
(B) it u,as developed -(B) rhe light af{ects
(C) developed (C) is affecting the light
(D) developing (D) the effect of light

2. the discover-r of tJ.re fossilized If calcium oride remains exposed to air,

remnants of tides in one-billion-vear-old to calcium carbonate.
-rocks. (A) rurning
(A) Geological reports -(B) turns
(B) Geologists report (C) ir turns
(C) The reports of geologists (D) the turn
( D ) Geologisls' I'cpot ls

Some earlv batteries used concentrated

3. The Brooklvn Bridge took thirteen nitric acid, gave off poisonous fumes.
vears to complete. (A) thev
(A) in Nerv York - (B) -
then thev
(B) is in Neu' York (C) but thev
(C) it is in Ner.r'York (D) but thel,had
(D) u'hich Neu'York
10. The sound produced bv an object in a
4. Genes control all of the phl'sical \\'e periodic rvav involr,es more than the simple
inherit. sine r,r'ave. -
(A) that traits
- (A) it vibrates
(B) that ale traits (B) r'ibrating
(C) traits that (C) is vibrating
(D) traits are that (D) r.ibrates

5. Indigo can ire extracted fr-om a plant, and t1. Prior to the discoven- o[ anesthetics in 18,16,
then to d1'c' cloth blue. surgen'u'as clone \\ras still conscious.
(A) it (A) u'hile thc patienl
-
(B) using (B) the patient felt-
(C) using it (C) during the patient's
(D) it can be r.rsed (D) rthile patientlv

in the Unitecl States spends 900 hours

per ve:rr in class and 1,170 hours in iront of
-the television.
(A) The a\.erage third-grader
(B) The third grade is average
(C) Thc-re are three grades
(D) Three average grades

56 STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION PRE-TEST

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12. The drastic decline ol the beaver helps to 1:1. A vacht js steeled uith a rudder, the
illustrate u'hat to the ecosvstcrlrs of flou'of uatcr-that passes thc hr,rll.
--
thc North American continent'
(A) *,hich cleflecring -
(A) happening (B) detlects
(B) the happening (C) it def'lects
(C) has happened (D) u'hich dcflects
(D) abor-rt happenin_e
15. For top specd and strclden:rcceleration, the
Middle
13. The usc oi shorthand diecl out in the accelerator pi-rn'rp l'eeds aclditional g:rsoline
Ages beczrtrse of uith rvitchcraft. from the llciat chanrber into above the
- *'as im'gine.l
(A) the association t'enttlrl ltlllc'
(B) associate lhe inragination (A) the air fkrrr,s -
(C) im:rgine the association (B) the. erir flon
(D) the irnagined associ:rtion (C) the air-is florvins
(D) flous the air

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION PRE-TEST 57

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Written Expression
Directions: In these questions, each sentence has four trnderliner,l u'ords or phrases. The four
underlined parts of the sentence are markecl (A), (B), (C), ancl (D). Identitv the one trnderlined r.r'ord
or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on yoLlr ansu,el sheet,
find the number of the question and fill in the space that corlesponds to the letter of the ansu'er vou
have chosen.

Look at the follor,r'ing eramples.

Example I Sample Answer

@
The lour string on a violin are tuned
A B- C D o
.o
in fifths. ,o
'Ihe sentence should reacl, "The fotrr strings on a violin are tuned in fifths." Therefore, vou should
choose ansr.r'er'(B).

Example II Sample Answer

The researc-h for the book Roor.s taking

'e
BC @
A
AIer Halev t\erl eJgqrs
o
.D
D

The sentence should read, "The research for the book Rools took Aler Halev trvelve r,ears." Therefore,
vou shor-rld choose ansrver (C).

TOEFL t('sl clirecti,rn' arrcl [ormat ar! r'cprinl.'(l ll perrrission

oi E-fS, th. c()p\ r lght ,xr ncr H<rrrever; all exantple' ancl test
58 STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION PRE-TEST (luestions are prrrr idc'd bv Pearsort l,dtrcation, Int.
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16. In 1732, coach travelers could got h'om Ner.v York to Philadelphia in about two days.
B C D

17. Some of the District oi Columbia are on lorv-lving, marshv ground.

A BC D

t8 Ggo.grq: econom\. is based main on agriculture.

ABCD
l9. The Paul Revere House nas built in 1676, and todav its the oldest r.r'ooden building in Boston.
AB-.-D
20. Conifers such as cedars, firs, and pines bear its seeds in cones.
A BC D

21. A dome ir u t"-"pllgl'.gl 911#= *+t f a builjlins.

22. Succulents suck up trrater in.just a ferv hour, but thev can store i1 in their stems for months.
A B C_ D

23. Flving buttresses enabled builders to pLtt up tall but thinnesl stone walls.
ABCD
24. Weather forecasters monitor barometric pressures and record thev on charts as isobars.
-ABCD
25. In manr- languages, the forms of a u'ord varies to express such contrasts as number, gender,
ABC
and tense.
D

26. A Milkv Wav object that erupted in the constellation Scorpius has provides information to
AB
astronomers since Juh,.
CD
27. Much fossils are for-rnd in coal-bearing rocks.
A B C- D

28. When salt is added to ice, this mixture becomes coldlv enough to freeze ice cream.
ABCD
29. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Long Isiand was chiefiy an agricultural region
ABC
u'ith fishing,',r'haling, and build ships as the important industries.

30. No one rvho has studied the Battle of Little Bighorn knou' the exact route that Custer and his
ABT
detachment took.
D

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-ll.'thefolktalesu,hic}rthebrothersGrimmhadcolleqlingwererranslatedintoEnglishinl823.
A-E-C-"D
32. In our sola| s.YStem, nine planets, fiftr.seven moons, several dozen comets, several million
AB
asteroids, and billions of meteorites have so far been discover.
C-D
33. From the 1850s until after thr'tuln o{ the centun, man\ of America'.s superricl"r fan-rilies rnade
A- B C
Neruport lris laror-ile \umn)er rcs()t'1.
D

3'1. Mars may looks red becatrse it is covered rvith a layer of soft red iron oxidc.
ABCD
35. The radioactive srtbslances that pose the
-ereatest harnr to humanitv have neither verv short or
A - B-C
verv long half Iives.
h
l)

36. A robin cocks its hezrd to peer at a \\'ornt r,vith one e)te's and not to hear it, as u,as once thoLtght.
ABC-D
37. Film sonnd is often record bv an analog s.\'steln rr hich, like thc- compact disc, uses light.
ARCD
38. The scribes of the Middle Ages used quill pens to prodtrce their high dec<.rratecl manuscr-ipts.
ABCI-
39. The principles of phr sics 491ff!g4 bv Chr-istian Doppler in 1842 for the movemenl of stars has
Ag
been adzrpted to evaltrate the movement oi blood rvitl'rin the heart.
CD
40. The Piotteer l0 and /l spacecraft r',u'ere the first r,.ehicles of humankind r.o venture ber..ond rhe
AB
limits of ours solar svsteln.
CD

This is the end of the structure and written Expression Diagnostic pre-Test.

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60 STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION PRE_TEST