8

Technology and
Livelihood Education
Quarter 3 – Module 1

LEARNER’S MATERIALS
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introductory Message …………………………………………………………….…. 3

Parts of the Module ……………………………………………………………….…. 4

Lesson 1: Applying Quality Standards (AQS) ……………………………….…. 5

Lesson 2: Performing Computer Operations (PCO) ………….……..…..….. 16

Lesson 3: Performing Mensuration and Calculation (PMC)…..……………. 25

Lesson 4: Preparing and Interpreting Technical Drawing (PITD) ..…..…....32

Answer Key ……………………..……………………………………………………. ..39

Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 Module 1
Household Services
First Edition, 2020
Module
Published by: Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones 1
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

GRADE 8
TLE
Quarter 3
Development Team of the Module

Authors: Ambalong, Dorothy Grace L., Faylon, Ana Jane S., Maldia, Roger C.,
Parra, Gina Z.
Editor: Faylon, Ana Jane S.
Reviewers: Florinda C. Gagasa, Ed. D.
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Roger C. Maldia, Ma. Anna Salome L. Caimen
Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral, Regional Director
Job S. Zape, Jr., Chief, CLMD

Department of Education – Region 4A CALABARZON

Office Address - Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Cainta Rizal
Landline - 02-868-257-73, Local 420/421
Email Address: lrmd.calabarzon@deped.gov.ph
 Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

This module is an aid for the students in learning the basic concepts of Household Services.
Before using this module, kindly orient the student that he/she may use the module with the help
of his/her parents and elder siblings. In answering the following parts of the module, he/she should
use a separate sheet of paper: pre-test, self-check exercises, and post-tests.
For the learner:
Good day learner! This module is intended for you to learn the basic concepts of Household
Services. The module contains three lessons that would be very helpful in studying Household Ser-
vices. These are the following:
use and maintenance of cleaning tools and equipment;
practice occupational safety and health procedures; and
maintain effective relationship with clients/customer.
Upon working with this module, you will be able to encounter the following sections that will
help you gain and assess your understanding in every topic. These are the following: what I need to
know, what I know, what’s in, what’s new, what is it, what’s more, what I have learned, what I can
do, assessment, additional activities, references, and key to correction. These sections will be dis-
cussed on the next page of this module.
Our dear student, don’t forget to use a separate sheet of paper in answering the activities.
Good luck and happy learning!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

What I Need to Know What I Can Do
This section allows you to know the cov- This is the practical application of the
I erage of lesson of this module. It is an E lesson you studied. This section will
outline of the whole lesson that will be allow you to apply what you have
discussed in the module learned in real life situations.
What’s New
What Other Enrichment Activities
It is where you will gain new infor-
Can I Engage In
mation about the lesson. This section
This is to further enrich learners’
D has topics and information that will E knowledge, skills and attitude/values
help you understand the topic and ac-
(KSAVs), they will be performing other
quire the skills set forth by the compe-
enrichment tasks.
tencies.
What I Know
What I Have Learned
This serves as the pre-test of every les-
This serves as an outline of the lesson
D son. This will help you assess your prior A that you have studied. This section will
knowledge or initial idea about the les-
help you an outline of what you have
son. This will also give you an overview
learned in the lesson.
on the lesson that will be tackled.
What’s In
What I Can Do (Assessment)
This is an initial instruction from the
I A This is the post-test of the lesson. This
teacher. In this section, the teacher will
will help you asses your over-all under-
give you a hint on what you are going to
standing of the lesson.
learn in the lesson.
What is It Answer Key
This serves as an initial activity after In this section, you will see the correct
D every lesson. This will help you asses answers from all the activities in the
your understanding on the lesson that module. It is labeled according to the
you studied. name of the activity for you to find the
answer easily.
What’s More
References
This section gives another information
In this section, you will see where the
E from the current lesson that you are
author/s obtained the information of
studying. This is also given so that you
the module. It is provided for you to
will be able to meet all the competencies
open the links or the books listed.
of a specific lesson.
 HOUSEHOLD
SERVICES
Lesson 1 – Using and Maintaining Hand Tools
(UHT)

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities.
We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feed-
back, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at
action@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

 I What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the basics
of Computer Systems Servicing. The scope of this module permits it to be used in different learning sit-
uations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are ar-
ranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into four lessons, namely:

Lesson 1: Using and Maintaining Hand Tools (UHT)
Lesson 2: Performing Computer Operations (PCO)
Lesson 3: Performing Mensuration and Calculation (PMC)
Lesson 4: Preparing and Interpreting Technical Drawing (PITD)
Lesson 5: Terminating and Connecting Electrical Wiring and Electronics Circuit
Lesson 6: Testing Electronic Components (TEC)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Assess quality of received materials

2. Assess own work
3. Engage in quality improvement
4. Plan and prepare for task to be undertaken
5. Input data into computer
6. Access information using computer
7. Produce output/ data using computer system
8. Use basic functions of a www- browser to locate information
9. Maintain computer equipment and systems
10. Select measuring instruments
11. Carry out measurements and calculation
12. Maintain measuring instruments
13. Identify different kinds of technical drawings
14. Interpret technical drawing
15. Prepare/ make changes to electrical/electronic schematics and drawings
16. Store technical drawings and equipment/ instruments

I What’s new

PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY

Direction: Answer the following questions carefully. Write your answer in one whole
sheet of paper/

1. 1. List down 5 importance of maintaining hand tools?

1. _________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________
 Learning Competency

LO1. Plan and prepare for tasks to be undertaken

LO2. Prepare Hand tools
LO3. Use Appropriate hand tools and test equipment
LO4. Maintain hand tools

D What I know

PRE-TEST Lesson 1

Direction. Select the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which tool is used for hardware to stand on to prevent static electricity from building up?

a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter

2. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws?
a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
3. Which tool is sometimes called a nut driver? It is used to tighten nuts in the same way that a
screwdriver tightens screws?
a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
4. Which tool is used to strip and cut wires?
a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
5. Which tool is used to retrieve parts from location that are too small for your hand to fit?
a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
6. Which tool is used to clean different computer components without scratching or leaving debris?
a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
7. Which tool is used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer?
a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
8. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten slotted screws?
a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
9. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like depression on the top, a feature
that is mainly found on laptop?
a. Anti-static mat b. Torx screwdriver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
10. Which tool is used to blow away dust and debris from different computer parts without touching
the components?
a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Compressed air d. Wire cutter

Lesson
1 Using and Maintaining Hand Tools (UHT)
Good tools can be quite an investment, but if you take good care of them, they'll return the fa-
vor. Keeping your tools properly stored, cleaned, and maintained will save you time and money and
make your DIY endeavors that much more rewarding. Maintenance is an excellent means of improv-
ing the performance and condition of equipment and facilities. An effective maintenance program
identified problems long before any equipment or facility breaks down or deteriorate. A good mainte-
nance system presents the early discovery of problems, thus providing plenty of lead time for
effective maintenance planning.
 D What’s In

Direction: Identify the tools and tell how this tool help you in Computer Systems Srvic-
ing.

Hi! I am Teacher Ana. Do you love computers? In

our daily activities, computers are utilized to transform
crude realities and facts into significant data and infor-
mation.
This lesson will give you information on how to
assess quality of received materials. From here, you will
be given different activities. Then, you are directed to
take the post test to see if you have learned from the
lesson. Good luck!

Notes to the Teacher

Give an extra instruction to the students about the importance of using and maintaining
hand tools.

What Is It
D

Proper tool selection

A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task. Tools range from a traditional metal
cutting part of a machine to an element of a computer program that activates and controls a particular
function.

Preparing for the task to be undertaken includes proper tool selection.

1. How do you select the best tool for the job? First, know and understand in detail the scope of work to
be accomplished, second, plan for the scope taking into account the sequence of tasks.

2. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of the tools, field experience in
their safe use, and following the manufacturer’s guidance and instructions for that specific tool.
3. When obtaining the tool all the associated tooling and consumable parts, as recommended by the
manufacturer, must be included. In addition, related consumable parts must also be selected and
used according to their manufacturer’s instructions.
Safe Use of tools

Once selected, use the tool for the purpose for which it was designed. Not all tools come with de-
tailed instructions, but there are those that do spell out the safety ―Do’s and Don’ts‖ for the your safety.
If there are set-up/use options, operator judgment must always be based on what is the safest way to use
the tool.

Environmental Safety and Health Program requires the following:

• All tools be kept in good condition with regular maintenance • The right tool be used for the job • Each
tool be examined before use AND damaged or defective tools NOT to be used • Tools be operated ac-
cording to manufacturer’s instructions • The right protective equipment for the tool and activity be
used

HARDWARE TOOLS
To complete hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit that should contain all of the neces-
sary tools. As you gain experience, you will learn which tools to have available for different types of jobs.
Hardware tools are grouped into these four categories:

1. Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools

2. Hand tools

3.Cleaning tools

4.Diagnostic tools

Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools

Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets, tile flooring, clothing, hair, fabric, and etc.
The friction of moving air alone will charge suspended particles and cause the buildup of static electrical
charges on people and objects in the environment. Grounded antistatic work mats used with antistatic
wrist straps provide the most basic means for the controlled discharge of electrostatic electricity. Exam-
ples of ESD Tools:

Anti-static wrist strap – used to prevent ESD damage to com-

puter equipment.

Anti-static mat – used to stand on or place hardware on to

prevent static electricity from building up.

Hand Tools

A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system using only hands. The
hand tools can be manually used employing force, or electrically powered, using electrical current. Exam-
ples of Hand Tools:

Flat head screwdriver – used to loosen or tighten slotted

screws

Philips head screwdriver – used to loosen or tighten cross-

head screws.
 Torx screwdriver - used to loosen or tighten screws
that have a star-like depression on the top, a feature
that is mainly found on laptop.

Hex driver – sometimes called a nut driver, is used to

tighten nuts in the same way that a screwdriver tight-
ens screws.

Needle-nose plier – used to hold small parts.

Wire cutter – used to strip and cut wires.

Tweezers – used to manipulate small parts.

Part retriever – used to retrieve parts from location

that are too small for your hand to fit.

Flashlight – used to light up areas that you cannot see

well.

Cleaning Tools
Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when maintaining or repairing computers. Using these
tools ensures that computer components are not damaged during cleaning. Examples:

Lint-free cloth – used to clean different computer components without

scratching or leaving debris.

Compressed air – used to blow away dust and debris from different
computer parts without touching the components.

Cable ties – used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a com-
puter.

Parts organizer – used to hold screw, jumpers, fasteners, and other

small parts and prevents them from getting mixed together.
Diagnostic Tools
Computers are easier to use and more dependable with each new generation of hardware and operating
system update, but that doesn't mean they're problem-free. Here's the most popular tools for diagnosing
your computer problems:

Multimeter – used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of

electricity in computer components.

Loopback Adapter – used to test the functionality of computer

ports.

Proper Use of ESD Tools

The purpose of an antistatic wrist strap is to equalize the electrical charge between you and the
equipment. The antistatic wrist strap is a conductor that connects your body to the equipment that you
are working on. When static electricity builds up in your body, the connection made by the wrist strap to
the equipment, or ground, channels the electricity through the wire that connects the strap.

Proper Use of Hand Tools

A technician needs to be able to properly use each tool in the toolkit. This topic covers many of the
various hand tools used when repairing computers.

Screws: Match each screw with the proper screwdriver. Place the tip of the screwdriver on the head of the
screw. Turn the screwdriver clockwise to tighten the screw and counterclockwise to loosen the screw.

Screws can become stripped if you over-tighten them with a screwdriver. A stripped screw, may get stuck
in the screw hole, or it may not tighten firmly. Discard stripped screws.

Flat head screwdriver: Use a flat head screwdriver when you are working with a slotted screw. Do not
use a flat head screwdriver to remove a Phillips head screw. Never use a screwdriver as a pry bar. If you
cannot remove a component, check to see if there is a clip or latch that is securing the component in
place.
CAUTION: If excessive force is needed to remove or add a component, something is probably wrong. Take
a second look to make sure that you have not missed a screw or a locking clip that is holding the compo-
nent in place. Refer to the device manual or diagram for additional information.
Hex driver: Use a hex driver to loosen and tighten bolts that have a hexagonal (six-sided) head. Hex bolts
should not be over-tightened because the threads of the bolts can be stripped. Do not use a hex driver
that is too large for the bolt that you are using.

Part retriever, Needle-nose pliers, or tweezers The part retriever, needle-nose pliers, and tweezers can be
used to place and retrieve parts that may be hard to reach with your fingers. Do not scratch or hit any
components when using these tools.

CAUTION: Pencils should not be used inside the computer to change the setting of switches or to
pry off jumpers. The pencil lead can act as a conductor and may damage the computer components.

Proper Use of Cleaning Materials

CAUTION: Before cleaning any device, turn it off and unplug the device from the power source.
Computer Cases and Monitors: Clean computer cases and the outside of monitors with a mild cleaning
solution on a damp, lint-free cloth. Mix one drop of dishwashing liquid with four ounces of water to cre-
ate the cleaning solution. If any water drips inside the case, allow enough time for the liquid to dry before
powering on the computer.
LCD Screens: Do not use ammoniated glass cleaners or any other solution on an LCD screen, unless
the cleaner is specifically designed for the purpose. Harsh chemicals will damage the coating on the
screen. There is no glass protecting these screens, so be gentle when cleaning them and do not press
firmly on the screen.

CRT Screens: To clean the screens of CRT monitors, dampen a soft, clean, lint-free cloth with distilled
water and wipe the screen from top to bottom. Then use a soft, dry cloth to wipe the screen and remove
any streaking after you have cleaned the monitor.

Clean dusty components with a can of compressed air. Compressed air does not cause electrostat-
ic buildup on components. Make sure that you are in a well-ventilated area before blowing the dust out
of the computer. A best practice is to wear a dust mask to make sure that you do not breathe in the
dust particles.
Blow out the dust using short bursts from the can. Never tip the can or use the compressed air
can upside down. Do not allow the fan blades to spin from the force of the compressed air. Hold the fan
in place. Fan motors can be ruined from spinning when the motor is not turned on.

Component Contacts: Clean the contacts on components with isopropyl alcohol. Do not use rubbing
alcohol. Rubbing alcohol contains impurities that can damage contacts. Make sure that the contacts do
not collect any lint from the cloth or cotton swab. Blow any lint off the contacts with compressed air be-
fore reinstallation.
Keyboard: Clean a desktop keyboard with compressed air or a small, hand-held vacuum cleaner with a
brush attachment.

CAUTION: Never use a standard vacuum cleaner inside a computer case. The plastic parts of the
vacuum cleaner can build up static electricity and discharge to the components. Use only a vacuum ap-
proved for electronic components.

Mouse: Use glass cleaner and a soft cloth to clean the outside of the mouse. Do not spray glass cleaner
directly on the mouse. If cleaning a ball mouse, you can remove the ball and clean it with glass cleaner
and a soft cloth. Wipe the rollers clean inside the mouse with the same cloth. Do not spray any liquids
inside the mouse.

TOOL AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE

All tools and equipment must be properly maintained so that workers are not endangered. Regula-
tions require inspections of tools, machines and equipment before use. Preventive maintenance is the
systematic care and protection of tools, equipment and machines in order to keep them in a safe, usable
condition, limit downtime and extend productivity.

We must always be aware that maintenance tasks themselves are potentially hazardous and can
result in injury. The successful maintenance program is:
• well organized and scheduled,
•controls hazards,
•defines operational procedures, and
•trains key personnel.
General requirements for tools and equipment maintenance include:
1.Obtaining a copy of the maintenance schedule recommended by the manufacturer
2.Ensuring that maintenance is performed as required
3.Ensuring that the person(s) performing the maintenance are competent (e.g. licensed mechanic)
4.Retaining records of maintenance/service conducted
5.Specifying who is responsible for overseeing equipment maintenance and where the records are
kept
6.Set up a system for removal and tagging of damaged or defective tools and equipment

PROPER STORAGE OF TOOLS, PARTS, AND EQUIPMENT

To ensure that tools and equipment remain in good condition and last for a long time, store them
properly. Properly stored tools and equipment will be easy to find when needed and are less likely to be
lost.
Good practices include:

1. Parts should be properly stored and labeled.

2. Tools should be properly placed on the board, and labeled. Consider drawing the shapes of the tools
on the board so that they always get put back in the same position.
3. Use bins for storing small parts.
4. Consider making an individual (or individuals) responsible for the good maintenance of tools and
parts.

Benefits:

1. Tools and parts are kept in good condition and are easy to find
2. Costs are reduced.
3. Productivity is increased because time is not wasted looking for tools, parts and equipment.
4. Workshop staff develop a sense of responsibility and pride in their work.

Self-Check 1
A. Direction. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
_______ 1. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of the tools, field expe-
rience in their safe use, and following the manufacturer’s guidance and instructions for that specific
tool.
_______ 2. When obtaining the tool, all the associated tooling and consumable parts, as recommended by
the manufacturer, must be included.
_______ 3. The safe use of a tool depends on using the tool for the purpose for which it was designed and
also for other purposes where it can be used as substitute where tool is not available.
_______ 4. All tools should be kept in good condition with regular maintenance.
_______ 5. Preparing for a task includes only knowing the task to be done.

E What’s More

Direction. Recognize the following hardware tools. Write your answer before each number.

_____________1. _____________4.

_____________2.
_____________5.

_____________3.

E What I Can Do

Direction: Prepare a matrix on Plan Preparation in maintaining and cleaning a personal computer.
Some items are already given for you. Continue the Table.
 COMPUTER MAINTENANCE

COMPONENTS SCHEDULE TOOLS TO USE PROCEDURE

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

E What Other Enrichment Activity Can I

A. Direction: Determine what appropriate tools to use while doing each of the following tasks.
1. Loosen computer casing screws
2. Blow away dust from keyboard
3. Tighten screws of a laptop
4. Bundle cables inside the computer
5. Test functionality of the printer port
B. Direction. Give different Hardware tools according to its classification/category. Write your answer in
the space provided.

ESD Tools Hand Tools Cleaning Tools Diagnostic Tools

1. 1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2. 2.
3. 3.
4.
5.

A What I Have Learned

Direction: Answer the following questions in one sheet of paper.

1. Why do we need to make a plan before actions?

2. Why do we need to use appropriate hand tools?
3. What is the importance of maintaining hardware tools?

A What I Can Do

POST-TEST Lesson 1

Direction. Select the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which tool is used to clean different computer components without scratching or leaving debris?
a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
2. Which tool is used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer?
a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
3. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten slotted screws?
a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
4. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like depression on the top, a feature
that is mainly found on laptop?
a. Anti-static mat b. Torx screwdriver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
5. Which tool is used to blow away dust and debris from different computer parts without touching the
components?
a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Compressed air d. Wire cutter
6. Which tool is used for hardware to stand on to prevent static electricity from building up?

a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter

7. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws?

a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter

8. Which tool is sometimes called a nut driver? It is used to tighten nuts in the same way that a screw-
driver tightens screws?
a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter

9. Which tool is used to strip and cut wires?

a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter

10. Which tool is used to retrieve parts from location that are too small for your hand to fit?
a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver

CONGRATULATIONS!!!!

You finished the second lesson of this module. Rest for

a while and you may start going through the next les-
son!
Keep it going!

References

http://www.bechtel.com/assets/files/Environmental/ToolboxSafetyTopics/20 10/
-futures/designing/assembling.html

Ron Gilster, PC Repair Bench Book., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN

Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256

Ron Gilster, PC Repair Bench Book., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN

Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 4625

Ronaldo V. Ramilo, Deomer M. Pasco, Computer Hardware Servicing Exploratory Course

8
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
SERVICING
Lesson 2 – Performing Computer

LEARNER’S MATERIAL
 I What’s new

PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY

Direction: Answer the following questions carefully. Write your answer in one whole sheet of paper.
1. 1. List down 5 computer hardware components that you already know. Write also their use(s) or
function(s).
1. _________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________

Learning Competency

LO 1. Plan and prepare for task to be undertaken

LO 2. Input data into computer
LO 3. Access information using computer
LO 4. Produce output/ data using computer
LO 5. Use basic functions of a www- browser to locate information

D What I know

PRE-TEST LESSON 2
Directions: Read and answer the following statement. Write the letter of the best answer on a sheet of
paper.
1. A successful task can be achieved through __________planning and preparation.
a. careful and proper b. courageous c. constant d. seldom
2. Good preparation will boost your __________.
a. Confidence b. Skill c. intelligence d. weakness
3. One of the factors to consider when planning and preparing for the
task in order to avoid accident is __________.
a. Materials b. safety c. place d. waste disposal
4. When the task calls for the removal of parts, use __________.
a. Cleaning tools b. Marking tools c. loosening tools d. measuring tools
5. Anything that could hurt you or someone else.
a. Risk b. Hazard c. occupational safety d. occupational procedure
6. Which of the following is an input device?
a. speaker b. keyboard c. printer d. monitor
7. What kind of input device that optically "reads" the image and converts it into a digital signal?
a. printer b. webcam c. scanner d. microphone
8. Marco wants to access information on the World Wide Web because he can't find the answer to his
assignment in his notebook. What kind of applications software he must use?
a. web browser b. internet c. word processing d. business application software
9. Which of the following is a primary storage?
a. flash drive b. DVD-r c. random access memory d. diskette
10. What is the first step in data processing wherein data is pulled from available sources?
a. data collection b. data interpretation c. data storage d. data input
 Lesson
2 Performing Computer Operations (PCO)

An operation, in mathematics and computer science, is an action that is carried out to accomplish
a given task. There are five basic types of computer operations: Inputting, processing, outputting, storing,
and controlling. Although even basic computers are capable of sophisticated pro-
cessing, processors themselves are only capable of performing simple mathematical opera-
tions. CPUs perform very complex tasks by executing billions of individual operations per second.

This module covers the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values needed to perform computer opera-
tions which include inputting, accessing, producing, and transferring data using the appropriate hard-
ware and software.

D What’s In

Direction: Tell whether the following sentences are acceptable seating position while using the computer.
Write true if yes or false if not.
_________ 1. Using the preferred keying posture, depending on the style of keying used
_________ 2. The head and neck are in a forward facing and midline
position
_________ 3. Having knees at a height higher with the hips
_________ 4. Sitting with the body close to the desk
_________ 5. Having feet flat on the floor or footrest

Good day student! Welcome to the second lesson of this module.

In this lesson, you are going to learn Performing computer oper-
ations. You will encounter input, output, storage, and pro-
cessing. After going through the lesson, don’t forget to answer
and finish the activities to assess your learning. Good luck and
happy learning!

Notes to the Teacher

You may review your student’s knowledge about basic mathematical operations such as addition and multi-
plication. It will help them in accomplishing the tasks in this lesson.

D What Is It

PLAN AND PREPARE FOR THE TASKS TO BE UNDERTAKEN

Planning is part and parcel of achieving a successful task. Your ability to plan will enable you to attain
your purpose. Many successful entrepreneurs have realized their success through proper and careful
planning. Likewise, aside from planning, you should give importance to preparation. Good preparation
will boost your confidence because it means that you are ready to do the task because you have the suffi-
cient knowledge about it. The following are some factors to be considered when you plan and prepare for
the tasks:

1. PLACE. See to it that the place for doing the task is conducive to work, well-ventilated, clean, and
has good lighting. A space provided for freedom to move is important. A place chosen will give you
an idea when task is to be done.
2. MATERIALS. Be sure that aside from tools and equipment, necessary materials and fixtures to be
used such as bench work manual of specifications must be available and ready for use.

3. WASTE DISPOSAL. Used parts or compound substance and used chemical bottles must be disposed
in proper storage bin nor container. Non-disposal of used chemical substance invites to environment
and poses danger to health.

4. TOOLS/EQUIPMENT. Tools and equipment must match with the task to be done. You should be
careful enough to choose tools and equipment that are worthy of use. They must be in good
condition so that it can be easily utilized without damaging the parts.

5. SAFETY. Always prioritize safety. Remember that accident is not an excusable incident. It can
be avoided. Always remember the motto “Safety first”.

6. SERVICE PROCEDURE/TASK. Identify what task to perform before identifying materials and
tools to use. The service procedure/task to employ will tell you the corresponding tools and
materials needed. Appropriate tools used with the task will enhance your ability to provide a
competitive and efficient service.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES

Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a planned system of working to prevent illness and injury
where you work by recognizing and identifying hazards and risks.

Health and safety procedure is the responsibility of all persons in the computer and technology in-
dustries. You must identify the hazards where you are working and decide how dangerous they are. Elim-
inate the hazard or modify the risks that it presents.
Common Hazards Encountered by Computer Technician and Users

Physical hazard – factor or circumstance that can cause harm with or without contact. They can be
classified as type of occupational hazard or environmental hazard.

Mechanical hazard – It is created as a result of either powered or manual (human) use of tools,
equipment or machinery and plant.

Chemical hazard – A type of occupational hazard cause by exposure to chemicals in the workplace.
Exposure to chemicals in the workplace can cause acute or long-term detrimental health effects.
Electric Shock hazard – Inside computers and electronic equipment, there is a range of voltages
from 3.3 volts to 25 volts, most of these are harmless.

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Monitor High-Voltage hazard – A CRT monitor has a high voltage anode
inside it, which can carry up to 25,000 volts, and it can still be holding a high charge days after
the power is removed.

SELECTING APPROPRIATE HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE ACCORDING TO TASK ASSIGNED AND

REQUIRED OUTCOME

Computer hardware Includes the physical parts of the computer or electronic device. Hardware is
only one part of a computer system. Hardware can be often categorized in to input, output, and storage
or processing components. Devices which are not integral part of the CPU are known as peripherals. Pe-
ripherals are used in input, storage or output. Peripherals devices such as hard disk, keyboard, printer
central processing unit (CPU), monitor, and mouse. It also includes all the parts inside the computer
such as the disk drive, motherboard, video card, and many others.
 By contrast, software is a set of instructions that can be stored and ran by hardware. Hardware is
termed because it is “hard” or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is “oft” because it is easy
to change.

Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combina-
tion of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other system exist with only
hardware.

Common Computer Hardware Components

Keyboard- is an input device used to enter characters and functions into the comput-
er system by pressing buttons, or keys. It is the primary device used to enter text.
A keyboard typically contains keys for individual letters, numbers and special
characters, as well as keys for specific functions

Mouse- is an input device that is used with a computer. Moving a mouse along a flat surface
can move the cursor to different items on the screen. Items can be moved or selected by
pressing the mouse buttons (called clicking).

Hard Drive- can be used to store any data, including pictures, music, videos, text docu-
ments, and any files created or downloaded. Also, hard drives store files for the operat-
ing system and software programs that run on the computer.

Monitor- A display screen used to provide visual output from a computer, cable box, vid-
eo camera, VCR or other video generating device. Computer monitors use CRT and
LCD technology, while TV monitors use CRT, LCD and plasma technologies. See ana-
log monitor, digital monitor and flat panel display.

System Unit- is often used to differentiate between the computer and peripheral devices,
such as the monitor, keyboard, and mouse. For example, if a repair shop asks you to
bring in your computer, it may be unclear whether you need to bring your monitor and
peripheral devices as well.

COMPUTER APLLICATION SOFTWARE

Application software (app for short) is a program or group of programs designed for end users.
Examples of an application include a word processor, a spreadsheet, accounting application, a web
browser, an email client, a media player, a file view, an aeronautical flight simulator, a console game or
a photo editor. The collective noun application software refers to all applications collectively. This con-
trasts with system computer, which is mainly involved with running the computer.

In information technology, an application (app), application program or application software is

a computer program designed to help people perform an activity. Depending on the activity for which it
was designed, an application can manipulate text, numbers, audio, graphics and a combination of these
elements. Some application packages focus on a single task, such as word processing; others,
called integrated software include several applications.

A computer is a machine that can be programmed to accept data (input), process it into useful
information (output), and store it away (in a secondary storage device) for safekeeping or later reuse. The
processing of input to output is directed by the software but performed by the hardware.
To function, a computer system requires four main aspects of data handling: input, processing, out-
put, and storage. The hardware responsible for these four areas operates as follows:
1. Input devices accept data in a form that the computer can use; they then send the data to the pro-
cessing unit.

2. The processor, more formally known as the central processing unit (CPU), has the electronic circuitry
that manipulates input data into the information people want.
Input technical information

Computer software can receive data in the form of an input stream, which is a flowing sequence of
data that can be directed to specific functions. The directed channel that the data stream flows is known
as a pipeline, and changing its direction is known as piping.

Types of Program/Application Software

1. Word processing software is used to manipulate a text document, such as a resume or a report. You
typically enter text by typing, and the software provides tools for copying, deleting and various
types of formatting. Some of the functions of word processing software include:

1.Creating, editing, saving and printing documents.

2.Copying, pasting, moving and deleting text within a document.
3.Formatting text, such as font type, bolding, underlining or italicizing.
4.Creating and editing tables.
5.Inserting elements from other software, such as illustrations or photographs.
6.Correcting spelling and grammar.
2. A web browser is a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web. When a user
requests a website, the web browser retrieves the necessary content from a web server and then
displays the resulting web page on the user's device.

3. The Internet is a global wide area network that connects computer systems across the world. In order
to connect to the Internet, you must have access to an Internet service provider, which acts the
middleman between you and the Internet.

Data Processing
Data processing occurs when data is collected and translated into usable information. It is im-
portant for data processing to be done correctly as not to negatively affect the end product or data output.
Data processing starts with data in its raw form and converts it into a more readable format
(graphs, documents, etc.), giving it the form and context necessary to be interpreted by computers and uti-
lized by employees throughout an organization.
Six stages of data processing
1. Data Collection – Collecting data is the first step in data processing. Data is pulled from available
sources. It is important that the data sources available are trustworthy and well-built, so the data col-
lected is of the highest possible quality.
2. Data Preparation – Data preparation, often referred to as “pre-processing” is the stage at which raw
data is cleaned up and organized for the following stage of data processing. During preparation, raw da-
ta is diligently checked for any errors.
3. Data Input – The clean data is then entered into its destination and translated into a language that it
can understand.
4. Processing – During this stage, the data inputted to the computer. Processing is done using machine
learning algorithms, though the process itself may vary slightly depending on the source of data being
processed and its intended use.
5. Data Output/Interpretation – The output/interpretation stage is the stage at which data is finally us-
able. It is translated, readable, and often in the form of graphs, videos, images, plain text, etc.

6. Data storage – The final stage of data processing is storage. After all the data is processed, it is then
stored for future use. While some information may be used immediately, much of it will serve a
purpose later.

Types of Application Software

Word processing software - This tool is used to create letters, word sheets, type papers etc. Example giv-
en MS Word, MS Works, AppleWorks
Spreadsheet Software - A tool used to compute number intensive problems like forecasting, budgeting
etc. Example given MS Excel, Quattro Pro, Lotus 1-2-3, MS Works.
Desktop Publishing Software - This tool is used to create illustrative worksheets, banners, newsletters,
signs, gift cards etc. Example given MS Word, MS Publisher, Adobe PageMaker
 Database Software - Used to store data like text information, memberships, address etc. which helps
users to sort information accordingly. Example given MS Access, FileMaker Pro
Communication Software - Allows to connected computers to communicate each other using audio, vid-
eo or chat-based medium. Example given MS Net Meeting, IRC, ICQ
Presentation Software- Used to create multimedia stacks of cards/screen. Example given MS Power-
Point, Hyper Studio, Flash, Super Card, HyperCard
Internet Browsers – This tool allows one to surf the web, read their emails and create web pages. Exam-
ple given Netscape Navigator, MS Internet Explorer
Email Programs - This software is mainly used to send and receive emails. Example given MS Outlook,
Netscape Messenger, Eudora, AOL Browser.

Self-Check 2.1.
Directions: Write the uses or functions of the given picture.

Computer Hardware Uses/ Functions

E What’s More

A. Directions: Identify the following. Write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.
__________1. A program or group of programs designed for end users.
__________2. The physical parts of the computer or electronic device.
__________3. A planned system of working to prevent illness and injury where you work by recognizing
and identifying hazards and risks.
__________4. A sequence of action steps to achieve some specific goal.
__________5. A set of instructions that can be stored and run by hardware.

E What I Can Do

Directions: Given are the following factors to consider when planning and preparing for the tasks to be
undertaken. Plan on how tasks are prepared by placing the following factors in the chart. The rubric that
will be used in this activity is same as rubric in what I have learned.

A. Factors to consider
1.Place- lighting, ventilation, space of work
2.Materials – fixtures, bench work, manual, specifications
3.Waste disposal – trash bin
4.Tools and equipment – cabinet, tools shelf
5.Safety – emergency kit, fire extinguisher, safety signs and symbols
B. Demonstrate one of the service procedures/tasks. Write your answer in a sheet of paper.

Safety Procedures/Tasks
1.____________________________________________________________
2.____________________________________________________________
3.____________________________________________________________
4.____________________________________________________________
5.____________________________________________________________

E What Other Enrichment Activity Can I Engage In

Directions: Make a list of hazards that may be present in your workplace (computer laboratory) when
operating a personal computer. Give the possible risk of the said hazards.

Hazards when operating a computer Risk

1. _____________________________________ ______________________
2. _____________________________________ ______________________
3. _____________________________________ ______________________
4. _____________________________________ ______________________
5._____________________________________ ______________________

A What I Have Learned

Direction: Answer the following questions in one sheet of paper.

1.Explain Input data in computer processing.

2.Explain how to access information through computer
3.What are the basic functions of web browser?

A What I Can Do

POST-TEST LESSON 2
Direction: Tell whether the following statement is TRUE or FALSE
____________ 1. The taskbar of a computer sits at the bottom of the screen.
____________ 2. Icons are small pictures that represent files, folders, programs, and other items.
____________ 3. When you delete a file or folder in your computer, it gets deleted right away.
____________ 4. Double-clicking a desktop icon starts or opens the item it represents.
____________ 5. There is only one approach in opening a document.
_____________6. Proper keyboarding technique will develop optimal keyboarding speed and accu-
racy to the students.
____________ 7. When you are inputting data on the computer you must keep eyes on printed
copy.
____________ 8. It is fine to expose the keyboard to dust, food, liquid, or other particles because
it will not affect to the hardware.
____________ 9. Before cleaning the keyboard, you must unplug the USB or PS/2 port.
____________ 10. If you spill liquid on the keyboard, quickly shut down the computer, discon-
nect and turn the keyboard upside down to allow the liquid to drain.
_____________11. Web browser is used to access information in the internet.
_____________12. Internet explorer is the default browser for windows operating system.
_____________13. Safari is a web browser used in Apple devices.
_____________14. A search engine enables users to locate information on the World Wide Web.
_____________15. URL stands for Universal Resource Locator.
Part II
Directions: Supply an appropriate word to make each statement complete. Choose the answer from the
pool below and write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. _________________ is/are commonly used to print text and photos.

2. Any information that is processed by and sent out from a computer or other electronic device is con-
sidered _________________.
3. A computer speaker is an output hardware device that connects to a computer to generate
_________________.
4. The two types of storage devices are _________________ and _________________.
5. A common type of storage is , _________________ which uses lasers and lights as its method of reading
and writing data.
6. _________________ is referred to as a paper copy; a hard copy is any information that is printed on pa-
per.
7. _________________ is any peripheral that receives data from a computer, usually for display, projec-
tion, or physical reproduction.
8. A _________________ is an output device that displays video images and text.
9. Storing data in _________________ is becoming popular as people need to access their data from more
than one device.
10. _________________ is a cheap storage device that replaced most magnetic and optical media because it
is more efficient and reliable.

CONGRATULATIONS!!!!
You finished the second lesson of this module. Rest for
a while and you may start going through the next les-
son!
Keep it going!

Good luck and Happy Learning!

References

https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/kenjoyb/k-to-12-automotive-curriculum
https://www.google.com/search?q=computer+laboratory+images&source=lnms&tb
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/grayzon21/computer-hardware-servicing-practice-occupational-
health-and-safety-procedures
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-computer-keyboard-parts-layout-functions.html
https://www.google.com/search?q=monitor+uses&oq=monitor+uses&aqs
https://www.google.com/search?q=systemunit+uses&source=lmns&bih
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_software
https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-types-of-application-software
https://www.google.com/search?q=Introduction+about+planning+and+preparing&
https://www.google.com/search?q=specification+image+for+computer+servicing+&
https://www.talend.com/resources/what-is-data- processing/
http://www.differencebetween.net/technology/difference-between-primary-storage-and-
secondary-storage/
https://www.worksafe.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/83067/guide-ergo-comp-
workstations.pdf
https://homepage.cs.uri.edu/faculty/wolfe/book/Readings/Reading01.htm
https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?sp=yes&code=U66W43&
https://www.clipart.email/clipart/bookshelf-clipart-transparent-74646.html
https://www.google.com/search?q=part+of+school+premises&
source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjbm7P7oLzoAhXXSH0KHYPmBkwQ_AUoAXoECA
4QAw&biw=1242&bih=553#imgrc=3AIFKce2HwIAnM
https://www.nap.edu/read/6482/chapter/3
http://www.raheembooks.com/lineage-computer-education-book-5/
8
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
SERVICING
Lesson 3 – Performing Mensuration
And Calculation (PMC)

LEARNER’S MATERIAL
 I What’s new

PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY
List down at least five components/parts of the computer that you already know and explain its pur-
pose/s. Use the rubric below as guide.
1. ____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________

Learning Competency

LO 1. Select measuring instruments

LO 2. Carry out measurements and calculation
LO 3. Maintain measuring instruments

D What I know

PRE-TEST LESSON 3

Direction: Below are the possible answer to each question. Write your

answer in the space provided before each number.

HDD Primary Memory SSD Secondary Memory

VRam Dynamic RAM Processor ROM

Random Access Memory Video Card

______________1. This Memory includes ROM and RAM and is located close to the CPU on the computer
motherboard, enabling the CPU to read data from primary memory very quickly
indeed.
______________2. This memory comprises many different storage media which can be directly attached to
a computer system.
______________3. This memory performs both read and write operations on memory. If power failures
happened in systems during memory access, then you will lose your data perma-
nently.
______________4. This type of memory is the most common type of RAM used in computers.
______________5. This type of memory is a RAM which is faster than DRAM, but more expensive and
bulker, having six transistors in each cell.
______________6. It is stands for Video RAM and is obsolete as a technology. However, the term is com-
monly used to refer to the memory dedicated to a computer’s graphics (display)
chipset.
______________7. This Memory is permanent memory location that offer huge types of standards to save
data.
______________8. This type of ROM maintains large storage media but can’t offer the erase features in
ROM.
______________9. One of the most recent storage devices.
______________10. The logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic instructions that drive a
computer. The CPU is seen as the main and most crucial integrated circuitry (IC)
chip in a computer.
 Lesson
3 Perform Mensuration and Calculation

Mensuration is often based on making use of a model or base object that serves as the
standard for making the calculations. From that point, advanced mathematics is employed to
project measurements of length, width, and weight associated with like items. The end result is
data that can help to make the best use of resources available today while still planning re-
sponsibly for the future.

D What’s In

Direction: Give the correct abbreviations of the following unit. Write your answer in the space provided.

1. Kilobyte : ____________
2. Megabyte: ___________
3. Gigabyte: ____________
4. Terabyte: ____________
5. Petabyte: ____________

Good day student! Welcome to the third lesson of this module. In this les-
son you are going to learn more measurement and calculation. You will
encounter different units of measurements that would be very helpful.
After going through the lesson don’t forget to answer and finish the activi-
ties in order for you to assess your learning. Good luck and happy learn-

Computer Memory and Data Storage Capacity

Memory is the most essential element of a computing system because without it, computer can’t
perform simple tasks. Computer memory is a generic term for all the different types of data storage tech-
nology that a computer may use, including RAM, ROM, and flash memory. Some types of computer
memory are designed to be very fast, meaning that the central processing unit (CPU) can access data
stored there very quickly. Other types are designed to be very low cost, so that large amounts of data can
be stored there economically.
Random Access Memory (RAM):

The primary storage is referred to as random access memory (RAM)

due to the random selection of memory locations. It performs both read and
write operations on memory. If power failures happened in systems during
memory access, then you will lose your data permanently. So, RAM is volatile
memory. RAM categorized into following types.
Types of RAM

DRAM: DRAM stands for Dynamic RAM, and it is the most common type of RAM used in computers. The
oldest type is known as single data rate (SDR) DRAM, but newer computers use faster dual data rate
(DDR) DRAM. DDR comes in several versions including DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4, which offer better per-
formance and are more energy efficient than DDR. However different versions are incompatible, so it is
not possible to mix DDR2 with DDR3 DRAM in a computer system. DRAM consists of a transistor and a
capacitor in each cell.
SRAM: SRAM stands for Static RAM, and it is a RAM which is faster than DRAM, but more expensive
and bulker, having six transistors in each cell. For those reasons SRAM is generally only used as a data
cache within a CPU itself or as RAM in very high-end server systems. A small SRAM cache of the
most imminently needed data can result in significant speed improvements in a system.

The key differences between DRAM and SRAM is that SRAM is faster than DRAM - perhaps two to
three times faster - but more expensive and bulkier. SRAM is usually available in megabytes, while
DRAM is purchased in gigabytes.
RAM Specifications
RAM is measured by its speed (MHz) and by its size (megabytes or gigabytes). For example, you
could have DDR RAM (name) 400mhz (speed of the RAM) 256mb (RAM size). The most common RAM siz-
es are, 16mb, 32mb,64mb, 128mb, 512mb, 1Gb and 2Gb. DDR RAM will only go into a motherboard
supporting DDR. This is the same for SDRAM and DDR2RAM.
You will hear all kinds of terms for different types of RAM bandied about. Examples include
DRAM, SDRAM, DIMM, SO-DIMM and VRAM, as well as terms such as DDR3 and GDDR5.
DRAM and SDRAM are simply more specific terms for the RAM that you’ll find in a modern computer
(technically, SDRAM, Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory, is more accurate).
DIMM describes the physical format of the RAM: Dual In-line Memory Module, so a circuit board with
memory chips on either side.
The ‘SO‘in ‘SO-DIMM’ stands for Small Outline – these are smaller RAM sticks for use in laptops and
compact PCs.
VRAM stands for Video RAM and is obsolete as a technology. However, the term is commonly used to
refer to the memory dedicated to a computer’s graphics (display) chipset – more on that below in our sec-
tion on GDDR.
DDR was superseded by DDR2, DDR3 and now DDR4, with each generation running faster and faster.
The memory types are not compatible with each other; a DDR4 module won’t physically fit in a DDR3
board, let alone work.
Read Only Memory (ROM):
ROM is permanent memory location that offer huge types of standards to save data. But it works
with read only operation. No data lose happen whenever power failure occur during the ROM memory
work in computers.
ROM stands for read-only memory, and the name stems from the fact that while data can be read
from this type of computer memory, data cannot normally be written to it. It is a very fast type of com-
puter memory which is usually installed close to the CPU on the motherboard.
Types of ROM
1. PROM: Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) maintains large storage media but can’t offer the
erase features in ROM. This type of RO maintains PROM chips to write data once and read many. The
programs or instructions designed in PROM can’t be erased by other programs.
2. EPROM: Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory designed for recover the problems of PROM and
ROM. Users can delete the data of EPROM thorough pass on ultraviolet light and it erases chip is repro-
grammed.
3. EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory like the EPROM but it uses electri-
cal beam for erase the data of ROM.
Units of Memory
A computer processor is made up of multiple decisive circuits, each one of which may be either
OFF or ON. These two states in terms of memory are represented by a 0 or 1. In order to count higher
than 1, such bits (BInary digiTS) are suspended together. A group of eight bits is known as a byte. 1 byte
can represent numbers between zero (00000000) and 255 (11111111), or 2^8 = 256 distinct positions. Of
course, these bytes may also be combined to represent larger numbers. The computer represents all
characters and numbers internally in the same fashion.
In practical, memory is measured in KiloBytes (KB) or MegaBytes (MB). A kilobyte is not exactly,
as one might expect, of 1000 bytes. Rather, the correct amount is 2^10 i.e. 1024 bytes. Similarly, a meg-
abyte is not 1000^2 i.e. 1, 000, 000 bytes, but instead 1024^2 i.e. 1, 048, 576 bytes. This is a remarka-
ble difference. By the time we reach to a gigabyte (i.e. 1024^3 bytes), the difference between the base two
and base ten amounts is almost 71 MegaByte.
Digital Representation
Within a computer, information is represented and stored in a digital binary format. The
term bit is an abbreviation of binary digit and represents the smallest piece of data. Humans interpret
words and pictures; computers interpret only patterns of bits.

A bit can have only two possible values, a one digit (1) or a zero digit (0). A bit can be used to rep-
resent the state of something that has two states. For example, a light switch can be either On or Off; in
binary representation, these states would correspond to 1 and 0, respectively.

Computers use binary codes to represent and interpret letters, numbers and special characters
with bits. A commonly used code is the American Standard Code for Information

Interchange (ASCII). With ASCII, each character is represented by a string of bits.

For example:

Capital letter: A = 01000001

Number: 9 = 00001001
Special character: # = 00100011
Each group of eight bits, such as the representations of letters and numbers, is known as a byte.
Codes can be used to represent almost any type of information digitally: computer data, graphics, photos,
voice, video, and music.

CONVERT DECIMAL NUMBERS TO BINARY

To convert a decimal number to binary, all you must do is divide the number by 2. Get the quo-
tient and the remainder. Bring down the quotient, divide it by 2, and get the quotient and remainder
again. Do it repeatedly until the quotient results to 0. Copy the remainder from bottom to top, and that is
the binary equivalent.

Checking: 1 1 0 0 1 multiplier
16 8 4 2 1 equivalents
16 8 0 0 1 results
16+8+1 = 25
Calculating Data Storage

Both computer memory and disk space are measured in these units. But it’s important not to con-
fuse between these two. “12800 KB RAM” refers to the amount of main memory the computer provides to
its CPU whereas “128 MB disk” symbolizes the amount of space that is available for the storage of files,
data, and other type of permanent information.

Types of various Units of Memory:

• Byte
• Kilo Byte
• Mega Byte
• Giga Byte
• Tera Byte
• Peta Byte
• Exa Byte
• Zetta Byte
• Yotta Byte
Self-Check 3.1.
Direction: Fill in the blank using the words below. Write your answer in your answer sheet.
MHz Components RAM
Motherboard ROM Storage capacity
EEPROM 8GB HDMI CPU
Computers are made up of many different parts, such as a motherboard, CPU, RAM, and hard drive. Each
of these parts are made up of smaller parts, called __________1. For example, a motherboard includes
electrical connectors, a printed circuit board (PCB), capacitors, resistors, and transformers. All these com-
ponents work together to make the __________2. function with the other parts of the computer.
__________3. is much faster than other storage devices but it will lose all its information when the com-
puter is switched off. RAM is measured by its speed __________4. and by its size (megabytes or gigabytes).
For example, you could have DDR RAM (name) 400mhz (speed of the RAM) 256mb (RAM size). To avoid
your computer slowing to a crawl, make sure you have enough RAM – __________5. will be enough for
most people, although if you edit videos, you’ll benefit from 16 or even 32GB. When a computer is turned
on, the CPU can begin reading information stored in __________6. without the need for drivers or other
complex software to help it communicate. __________7. Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only
Memory like the EPROM but it uses electrical beam for erase the data of ROM. __________8. refers to how
much disk space one or more storage devices provides. It measures how much data a computer system
may contain. The __________9. is seen as the main and most crucial integrated circuitry (IC) chip in a
computer, as it is responsible for interpreting most of computers commands. In the past, VGA or SVGA
was the most popular connection used with computer monitors. Today, most flat panel displays utilize
DVI or __________10. connectors. There are a few ways of measuring computer graphics cards. MB
(Megabyte) is the most common way of telling how good a computer graphics card is.

E What’s More

Direction: Do the task below using Oslo paper and any recyclable materials and art materials. Refer to
the rubric.
The Motherboard is the heart of the computer. It is a circuit type board. The Peripheral devices
connected to the input/output hub on the motherboard; critical hardware such as graphics card, central
unit, and random access memory, installed on connectors on the surface of the board, located inside the
casing.
• Your task is to make a graphic organizer about components of the system unit.

1 = Weak 2 = Moderately Weak 3 = Average 4 = Moderately Strong 5 = Strong

Criteria Points

1. The graphic organizer has an appropriate title and labels.

2. The graphic organizer’s lines, boxes, and text are neat and legible.
3. The information in the graphic organizer is accurate.
4. The spelling, grammar, and punctuation of the text on the graphic
organizer is accurate.
5. The graphic organizer presents the information in a manner that is
easy to follow.
6. The relationships presented in the graphic organizer are correct
and clear
7. The form in which the graphic organizer portrays the information
is appropriate to the relationships being represented.
8. The graphic organizer demonstrates an understanding of the
topic, its relationships & related concepts.
9. The graphic organizer fulfills all the requirements of the
assignment.
10. Overall, the graphic organizer represents the student’s full
potential.
TOTAL
 E What I Can Do

Direction: Complete the abbreviated words. Write your answer in the space provided.

1. RAM 1.
2. DRAM 2.
3. SRAM 3.
4. VRAM 4.
5. DDR 5.

E What Other Enrichment Activity Can I Engage In

Direction: Complete the abbreviated words. Write your answer in the space provided.
Direction: Answer the following questions below. Refer to the rubric Provided in the next activity.
1. How fast does a CPU transfer data?
2. Could a GPU be used in place of a CPU?
3. Could a computer work without a CPU?
4. How Is the CPU Speed Measured?
5. What is Clock Speed?

A What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the phrase in the box by writing what you’ve learned in the lesson. You will be
graded based on the rubric below.

Today I learned that…...

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

A What I Can Do

Direction: You are an I.T staff in a company and your task is to convert the decimal numbers shown
below to binary as part of daily report to your superior.
1) 19

2) 28

3) 37

Note: Perform checking to verify answers.

CONGRATULATIONS!!!!

You finished the third lesson of this module. Rest for a

while and you may start going through the next lesson!

Keep it going!
8
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
SERVICING
Lesson 4 – Preparing And Interpreting
Technical Drawing (PITD)

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by

educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We en-
courage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, com-
ments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at ac-
tion@deped.gov.ph.

LEARNER’S MATERIAL
 I What’s new

PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY

Activity: Word Web

Direction: Write 8 word associated to the term “MAINTENANCE”. Use a separate sheet of paper in writ-
ing your answer.

Technical

Explain your work/output here

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Learning Competency

LO 1. Identify different kinds of technical drawings

LO 2. Interpret technical drawing
LO 3. Prepare/ make changes to electrical/electronic schematics and drawings
LO 4. Store technical drawings and equipment/ instruments

D What I know

PRE-TEST LESSON 4
Directions. Matching Type. Match statements from Column A with the symbols from Column B. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. This indicates a decision. A.

2. This represents a process. B.

3. This represents input or output. C.

4. This represents a start or end point. D.

5. This is a connector that shows relationships

between the representative shapes. E.
 Lesson
4 Preparing and Interpreting Technical Drawing (PITD)

Flowcharts use special shapes to represent different types of actions or steps in a process.
Lines and arrows show the sequence of the steps, and the relationships among them. These
are known as flowchart symbols.

D What’s In

Directions. Identify what is being asked in each sentence. Choose your answer from the word
bank below and write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Line symbols Technical drawings Ordinate dimension Protractors

Radial Dimensions Object or Visible Line Stencil Ruler
Dimension Line Hidden Line

1. This represent the exact shape, dimensions and composition of an object with a view to its
fabrication.
2. It is used in technical drawing are often referred to as Alphabet of Lines.
3. This measures the radius or diameter of arcs and circles with an optional centerline or center
mark.
4. This measure the perpendicular distances from an origin point called the datum, such as a
hole in a part.
5. This has thick dark line use to show outline of object, visible edges and surfaces.
6. Thin and dark lines use to show the size (span) of an object with a numeric value. Usually ter-
minates with arrowheads or tick markings.
7. Short dash lines use to show non-visible surfaces. Usually shows as medium thickness.
8. A template for making pictures or texts by just applying it to the printing surface ant coloring
it.
9. A tool which helps people to measure, draw straight lines and do other stuff.
10. A tool that help humans to measure angles

Good day student! Welcome to the fourth lesson of this module.

In this lesson, you are going to how to prepare and interpret
technical drawing. After going through the lesson, don’t forget
to answer and finish the activities to assess your learning. Good
luck and happy learning!

Notes to the Teacher

You may review your student’s knowledge about occupational health and safety practices and
awareness. It will help them in accomplishing the tasks in this lesson.
 D What Is It

IDENTIFY DIFFERENT KINDS OF TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

Common Flowchart Symbols

Name Function Symbol
A connector that shows relationships be-
Arrow
tween the representative shapes.
The terminator symbol marks the starting
or ending point of the system. It usually
Start/End Symbol
contains the word "Start" or "End."

A box can represent a single step ("add

Action or Process Symbol
Decision Symbol
two cups of flour"), or an entire sub-
process ("make bread") within a larger
process.
A decision or branching point. Lines rep-
resenting different decisions emerge from
different points of the diamond.

Represents material or information enter-

Input/Output Symbol ing or leaving the system, such as cus-
tomer order (input) or a product (output).

Sample Flowchart
This sample flowcharts shows a situation on a lamp that
doesn’t work. To test, if the lamp is plugged and the bulb
burned out, it’s either replace the bulb or buy a new
lamp.
Basic Elements

1. A schematic diagram is a picture that represents the

components of a process, device, or other object using
abstract, often standardized symbols and lines. Sche-
matic diagrams only depict the significant components
of a system, though some details in the diagram may
also be exaggerated or introduced to facilitate the un-
derstanding of the system.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/
Lava_lamp_flowchart.svg/917px-
Lava_lamp_flowchart.svg.png

Figure 2. Sample Flowchart

2. A chart is a graphical representation of data, in which the data is represented by symbols, such as
bars in a bar chart, lines in a line chart, or slices in a pie chart.
 https://www.ieltsbuddy.com/ielts-bar-chart-computer-ownership1.html

Figure 3. Sample Bar Chart

3. A block diagram is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are represented by
blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks.

4. Site layout plan (sometimes called a block plan) shows a detailed layout of the whole site and the re-
lationship of the proposed works with the boundary of the property, nearby roads and neighbor-
ing buildings.

https://2.bp.blogspot.com/
_4I3eaWxD6GY/TKgcWgV8g6I/
AAAAAAAAACQ/BNdbZe1LU90/
s320/loop.png Figure 7. Sample
Causal Loop Diagram
Self-Check 4.1

Directions. Indicate the correct name of the following diagrams.

2. 3.
1.

5.

4.

E What’s More

Direction: You are a speaker in a seminar about KINDS OF TECHNICAL DRAWINGS, as a speaker you
need to make graphic organizer that will help the attendees understand you. (the teacher will provide ru-
bric for the activity).

E What I Can Do

Direction: Answer the Crossword puzzle below.

E What Other Enrichment Activity Can I Engage In

Directions: Answer the situation below and you will be graded based on the given rubric.
1. We are now in the situation of enhanced community quarantine due to the spread of the corona virus
disease or better known as Covid-19. With the directives given by the national government, think of a
situation where you can apply your learning especially now that people should be prohibited to go out-
side their homes and roam wherever they want to. With this kind of situation, think of how you can
make a flowchart out of this.
2. Your area has a newly installed wired internet connection, you want to grab this opportunity to open-up
a computer shop. You want a very organized layout of your shop for ease and convenience of your tar-
get customers. Think of a layout plan that you could possibly do for this project. Make your own lay-
out plan.
 A What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the phrase in the box by writing what you’ve learned in the lesson. You will be
graded based on the rubric below.

Today I learned that…...

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

A What I Can Do

POST TEST LESSON 4

Directions: Identify the following statements based on what you have learned from the previous lesson.
Write only the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. If you are going to make a flowchart and you were task to use a symbol that shows relationships be-
tween the representative shapes, what symbol that you need to use?
A. arrow B. decision symbol C. start/end symbol D. action or process symbol
2. Which from the following symbols represent a single step ("add two cups of flour"), or an entire sub-
process ("make bread") within a larger process?
A. arrow B. decision symbol C. start/end symbol D. action or process symbol
3. What is being defined as a symbol to decide or branching point?
A. arrow B. start/end symbol C. decision symbol D. action or process symbol
4. Ms. Hanzel asked her student to make a flowchart, to begin this, what symbol her students should use
which is also used as the ending point of the system?
A. arrow B. start/end symbol C. decision symbol D. action or process symbol
5. What is this being defined as a symbol that represents material or information entering or leaving the
system, such as customer order (input) or a product (output)?
A. action or process symbol B. start/end symbol C. decision symbol D. input/output symbol
6. Which from the following represents the components of a process, device, or other object using abstract,
often standardized symbols and lines?
A. causal loop diagram B. site layout plan C. block diagram D. schematic diagram
7. ________________ is a method used to understand and analyze complex systems.
A. causal loop diagram B. site layout plan C. block diagram D. schematic diagram
8. What is this diagram that shows a detailed layout of the whole site and the relationship of the proposed
works with the boundary of the property, nearby roads and neighboring buildings?
A. causal loop diagram B. site layout plan C. block diagram D. schematic diagram
9. Aiza was assigned to make a diagram that shows a system in which the principal parts or functions are
represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks. What should Aiza
do if this is the description given to her?
A. chart B. site layout plan C. block diagram D. schematic diagram
10. Which from the following is being defined as a graphical representation of data, in which the data is
represented by symbols, such as bars in a bar chart, lines in a line chart, or slices in a pie chart?
A. chart B. site layout plan C. block diagram D. schematic diagram