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IOT Based Automatic Vehicle Accident Alert System

Conference Paper · October 2020

DOI: 10.1109/ICCCA49541.2020.9250904

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 IOT Based Automatic Vehicle Accident Alert System
Nazia Parveen Ashif Ali Aleem Ali
Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science Centre for Management Studies
and Engineering and Engineering Jamia Millia Islamia
Al- Falah University Al- Falah University New Delhi, India
Haryana, India Haryana, India aali3@jmi.ac.in
nazia.naz93@gmail.com ashifali76@gmail.com

Abstract—The concept of detecting car accidents is not fresh mode, all the communication is done with serial pin number 10
and the automobile industries have made tremendous progress in of Arduino [17]. We have used the NMEA sentence $GPGGA
optimizing the technology. This paper is an try and make a string. The sentence provides time, coordinates and many other
contribution in that location of generation. Here we are seeking required information and prefix for it is $GPGGA [1].
to stumble on accident through the Accelerometer as it facilitates
in identifying the vicinity and if the values of x, y and z We have extracted the coordinates using $GPGGA string.
parameters are extra than the defined values than it's going to set After getting the string $GPGGA then it is stored in array [10].
situation to proper and the code written for initiating the Longitude and Latitude are fetched after four and two commas
intimation and SMS alert gets executed. With this method the respectively using $GPGGA and are stored in different arays
accident location can be detected easily and the information of [19]. $GPGGA String and the description:
the accident location can be sent via the GPS to the emergency
offerings for assistance. $GPGGA,215645.111,8810.1490,N,17838.5545,E,2,19,1.8,
621.5,M,54.8,M,,*58
Keywords—accident detection, accelerometer, alert system, $GPGGA,HHMMSS.SSS,latitude,N,longitude,E,FQ,NOS,HD
GPS.
P,altitude,M,height,M,, checksum [19].
I. INTRODUCTION B. Integration of GSM module
Over the last few years , the automotive industry worldwide The GSM module is integrated to Arduino UNO on Pin
has shown considerable progress in its production. With the number 2 and 3 and GND pin to GND pin of Arduino UNO as
growing technology, rate of vehicle production is increasing shown in “Fig. 1” and is used to send the accident alert
and parallelly it can be concluded that the rate of accidents is message.
also increasing.Road accidents leads to the high risk of
people’s life. This is because our country lacks the best
emergency facilities [6]. This paper proposes an automated
detection and alerting system for automobile accidents.This
system helps in detecting the accidents in very less period of
time, basically within a few seconds, send the basic information
to the first aid center in a message including the time and
location of the accident [2]. The alert message helps in locating
the location so that the medical services can be provided on
time and this way the precious lives can be saved. If in case
there is no casuality and assistance is not required then you can
terminate the message sending process using the switch
provided in the device [16].The message is transmitted via the
GSM module, and the location of the accident is identified
using the GPS module [3].With the help of the Accelerometer
sensor the accident can be precisely detected [11]. The angle of
the car's rolls over can also be known through the
accelerometer via the message.This application provides in the
most feasible way the optimal solution to the poor emergency
facilities provided for road accidents [18]. Fig.1 Working module of IOT based automatic vehicle accident alert
system.
II. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
It is powered by a 12v Power supply. With the help of AT
A. Integration of GPS module (ATTENTION) commands of GSM module, we have
In the first phase each module is tested independently with programed the Arduino to initiate the GSM module and send
arduino to checking the working principle of the modules. SMS on receiving accident alert from Accelerometer circuit.
Later on all the modules are integrated with the Arduino UNO. Working of GSM module is very simple, it responds with OK
Each module has some input and output port for serial for each successful AT Command.
communication. GPS Module Tx pin is connected with the pin
number 10 of Arduino and Rx is not connected as it is hybrid
C. Integration of Accelerometer(ADXL335) GPS Receiver helps in detecting the coordinates of the vehicle
Accelerometer is the component which is used to initiate [9]. The detected cordinates are then sent to the rescue team via
the circuit. Accelerometer gives us x, y, and z direction SMS using the GSM module [20]. The accelerometer
coordinates value in Hz [10]. If on the detection of any jerk, i.e. ADXL335 is used in any axis to detect accidents or sudden
accident, and the movement of the vehicle is more than the changes. It displays coordinates or status messages via 16x2
defined value in the code, then it will set condition to true and LCD [12].
the code written for initating the intimation and SMS alert gets
executed [4].
D. Integration of 16x2 LCD Display
The functioning of the circuit is displayed using the 16x2
LCD display [13]. We have shown all the functions output on
the LCD Screen in Table 1. The connection of LCD pins is
given in the circuit diagram Fig. 1.
E. Integration of Piezo Buzzer
Buzzer used to play a beep sound before sending the SMS
alert so that in case of no damage victim can stop to send any
alerts to respective persons [8].
F. Integration of 10K Potentiometer
Variable 10K pot is used to adjustment the brightness of the
LCD Display and provideing the power to the LCD as per the
requirement [7]. Fig. 3. Interfacing of the controller with other modules

III. ALOGORITM FOR ACCIDENT DETECTION AND
ALERT
Flowchart mentioning the various functions of the system
proposed as shown in the “Fig. 2”.
The Ardino then read the changed values and compares
with the predefined values in order to identify the axis change,
if there any [5].
If there is a change in the axis values then Arduino read
coordinates through $GPGGA from GPS module records and
informs the rescue team with accident location by sending
SMS [15]. This way the affected person can be rescued by the
rescue team with in the minimum time and can be provided
with the required mdical support [14].

TABLE I. UNIT TEST CASES & RESULTS

Modules Test Test case name I/P Expected Results

case id Outputs

GSM_T1 Checking the circuit 12v Module Pass

with giving power as Power should ON
per given instruction in Supply and power
the module description LED should
glow

GSM_T2 Checking the working Any number Pass

of GSM modules on working should be ring
inserting the sim and Sim with on calling.
calling on that sim incoming
number. enable
GSM
Verifying that the Giving GSM module
module should be connectio should
GSM_T3 respond to the Arduino n with the respond to Pass
UNO on connecting help of Arduino UNO
the GSM module with connectio
the Arduino UNO n wires
on GSM
pins
Tx,Rx,
GND &
Power
supply

GPS_T1 Checking the circuit 12v Module Pass

with giving power as Power should ON
per given instruction in Supply and power
the moduledescription LED should
glow
Fig. 2. Flow chart outlining the Accident Detection and Alert System

A. Working Explanation
In this paper as shown in “Fig. 3”, Arduino is used with
GPS Receiver and GSM module to control the entire process.
 Verifying that the Giving GSM module TC_03 Verify that calling is Calling User should Pass
module should be connectio should enabled on SIM after tosimcont be able to call
GPS_T2 respond to the Arduino n with the espond to Pass initialization of GSM act on number
UNO on connecting help of Arduino UNO module. Number
GPS
the GPS module with connectio
the Arduino UNO n wires
on GPS Verify that GPS GPS module
pins TC_04 module is initialized initialized Pass
Tx,Rx, successfully and successfully
GND and provide the current message
Power coordinate of the should show
supply Accident location
Alert
ACC_T1 Checking the circuit +5v Module Pass circuit
with giving power as supply, should ON TC_05 Verify that LCD Configured Pass
per given instruction in and GND and power Display is Power ON messages
the module description LED should and Respective should display
glow Message should be as per
display as per code code
ACCELE Verifying that the Connect Acceleromete
ROMET ACC_T2 module should be input of r should Pass
ER respond to the Arduino X, Y, Z provide the TC_06 Verify that LCD LCD display Pass
UNO on connecting from X,Y and Z Display brightness text should be
the GPS module with Arduino direction should be adjustable by display
the Arduino UNO A1,A2,A value by 10K pot normally
3. and running a
GND pins sample
program Verify that on tilting Beep sound
TC_07 the Object(CAR) should be Pass
LCD module +5v LCD should Accelerometer should blow for 5 sec
shouldpowerON by Power display text initiate the Piezo
giving power supply supply on connecting buzzer and it should
LCD_T1 Pass
from it with make the Beep
Arduino Arduino as sound for intimation
16x2 LCD
UNO per
giveninputsin
Circuit Verify that if Reset Press Circuit should
TC_08 button is pressed before Reset be reset and Pass
Diagram 5 Sec than Circuit button by no intimation
should be reset and no User should
Check whether the +5v Buzzer should Intimation initiate
PZB_T1 buzzer make sound on supply, make sound Pass should be take place.
giving the power. and GND on giving
power supply
Verify that on tilting enough GPS module
PIEZO_B TC_09 the object(CAR) force to should get the Pass
UZZER Verifying that the Direction Buzzer shoud accelerometer should tilt the current
buzzer is make sound value in make beep initiate the GPS object coordinateand
PZB_T2 on getting the value of Hz given sound. Pass module and GSM speed inKnots
X,Y and Z direction by module
more than the fix Accelero
value meter Sending
Message
Verify that on tilting should display
verifying that the +5 power Power supply TC_10 the object(CAR) on LCD Pass
power supply is supply should be accelerometer should Screen and
passing through the and available initiate GSM module Message
POT_T1 Potentiometer after inputs through the Pass should be sent
connecting it as per from potentiometer. to given
given circuit diagram Arduino Mobile
UNO number
10K_POT

Verifying that the +5v Variable Verify that after System Ready
Potentiometer is able to Power power supply TC_11 sending the SMS messageshould Pass
POT_T2 increase and decrease Supply depending Pass Circuit get reset to display after
the upon the initial stage. circuit reset.
resistance from 0- 10k resistance
value of
potentiometer
IV. CONCLUSION
TC_01 Verify that the circuit is 9Volt to all the Pass
Power ON after apply 12 Volts connected
The main purpose of this system is to increase the chances
the Power supply to power module should of life of a person met with an accident. This device helps the
the circuit supply be Power ON paramedics to reach to the accident location with in the
minimum time frame as it provides the alert message as soon as
TC_02 Verify that the GSM OK output Pass
the accident occurs. So, it also helps in minimizing the
module initialized should show communication delay and the person met with the accident can
successfully and on be treated timely. It plays a very importnat role in identifying
respond with OK AT Arduinotermin the accident locations that occurs in midnights.
Command al
 V. FUTURE SCOPE
The proposed program deals with detecting incidents and
warning paramedics to reach the specific location by taking
them to the nearest hospital and providing the medical services
to the person affected by the incident. This can be extended
through providing the victim with medication at the spot of the
accident. We can also avoid accidents by increasing the
technology and using warning systems that could really stop
the vehicle to conquer them.
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