The contents of this document are proprietary and confidential.

They are the

property of Ariel Corporation and may not be disclosed, reproduced, or used for
ENGINEERING REFERENCE manufacture in part or in whole without written permission from Ariel Corporation.

Instrumentation
Packagers must provide safety shutdowns, controls, and instrumentation to ensure the compressor sys-
tem operates within published Ariel limits. The use of “alarm” instead of “shutdown” for any minimum
instrumentation requirement may result in equipment damage. Additional information for control and
instrumentation may be found in the appropriate Ariel Maintenance and Repair Manual.
NOTE: Ariel recommends the use of shipboard or armored cabling as opposed to wiring in
conduit to minimize nuisance shutdowns due to wire chafing and shorts. Cable in cable
trays also facilitates maintenance access.

CAUTION: DO NOT drill holes in cylinders or other pressure containing components for
any purpose. Epoxy-mounted clamps (to bare metal) for wiring and tubing are a suitable
alternative. See Ariel ER-89.10.

For the most recent edition of this document, visit www.arielcorp.com.

14 020186 9-1-15
Page 4, "Main Bearing Temperature Alarms and Shutdown", 4th ¶: "black" was "green", "green" was 13 019880 12-8-14
16 "black".
Figure 1: "black" was "green", "green" was "black".
12
11
018758
018781
10-17-13
4-22-13 16 201601414 1-9-17
10 018694 1-25-13 15 020430 1-29-16
VER. DESCRIPTION VER. ECN DATE VER. ECN DATE

Page 1 of 8 VER. 16 ER-56.07

 The contents of this document are proprietary and confidential. They are the
property of Ariel Corporation and may not be disclosed, reproduced, or used for
ENGINEERING REFERENCE manufacture in part or in whole without written permission from Ariel Corporation.

TABLE 1 Required Instrumentation Summary

INSTRUMENT SUPPLIER SETTING/REQUIREMENT

Frame Oil System (see ER-56.06)
Oil Pressure Packager
• Start Permissive with
30 psig (2.1 barg) for 2 minutes
Prelube Pump
• Run Permissive 45 psig (3.1 barg) within 10 seconds of start
• Alarm 50 psig (3.4 barg)
• Shutdown 45 psig (3.1 barg)
Oil Filter Differential Ariel
• JG:A:M:P:N:Q:R:J:H:
Change at 10 psi (0.7 bar) or 4000 hours, whichever occurs first
E: K:T & JGC:D:F/2
• JGC:D:F/4/6 &
Change at 15 psi (1.0 bar) or 4000 hours, whichever occurs first
KBB:V:Z:U
Oil Temperature Packager
• Minimum, start up See ER-56.06 for max. oil viscosity based on frame size.
• Minimum, to load See ER-56.06 for max. oil viscosity based on frame size.
• Minimum, operating 150°F (66°C)
• Maximum, shutdown 190°F (88°C)
Crankcase Level Packager 1/2 to 2/3 sight glass level
• Low Level Shutdown 1/4 sight glass level
(Standard on B:V:Z:U. Recommended, but optional on
Main Bearing Temp. Ariel
JG:A:R:J:H:E:K:T:C:D:F)
Thrust Bearing Temp. Ariel (Standard on B:V)
• Alarm +20°F (11°C) above normal not to exceed 220°F (104°C)
• Shutdown +30°F (17°C) above normal not to exceed 230°F (110°C)
• Differential Alarm 20°F (11°C)
• Differential Shutdown 30°F (17°C)
Packing Case Temp. Ariel (Optional)
• Alarm +20°F (11°C) above normal
• Shutdown +30°F (17°C) above normal
Packing Case Vent Packager (Optional)
• Vent Flow Alarm 2 - 4 scfm (per throw)
• Vent Flow Shutdown > 4 scfm (per throw)
Scrubber Liquid Level Packager
• High Liquid Level Control
• High Liquid Level Shutdown
Gas Conditions Packager
• Inlet Temperature Indicator, each cylinder
• Inlet Pressure Indicator, each stage
• Discharge Pressure Indicator, each stage
• Discharge Temperature Indicator, each cylinder, each nozzle on dual nozzle cylinders

Page 2 of 8 VER. 16 ER-56.07

 The contents of this document are proprietary and confidential. They are the
property of Ariel Corporation and may not be disclosed, reproduced, or used for
ENGINEERING REFERENCE manufacture in part or in whole without written permission from Ariel Corporation.

INSTRUMENT SUPPLIER SETTING/REQUIREMENT

• High Discharge Temperature 10% above normala
Shutdown, each cylinder (Not to exceed the maximum temperatures below)
• Lubricated Cylinders 350°F (177°C)
• Non-Lube/PRC Cylinders 325°F (163°C)
• Hydrogen Rich > 50%
300°F (149°C)
< 0.41 Specific Gravity
Not to exceed autoignition temperature of cylinder lubricant
• Air
at discharge pressure
Up to 150:
• Relief Valve Setting above to 2500: Over 5000:
15 psig to 3500: 8% to 5000: 6%
normal operating pressure 10% As agreed
(1.0 barg)
(not to exceed MAWP)
See ER-56.04.
Cylinder Rod
Packager
Load Protection
High Vibration
Packager As close to normal level as practical. See TABLE 3.
Shutdown
Over Speed Packager 10% over rated speed for shutdown
a. Example: Normal Discharge Temp. = 270°F; Shutdown Setting = 270 x 1.1 = 297°F.

Notes
1. Install the compressor frame low lube oil pressure shutdown set to stop the unit if oil pressure down-
stream of the filter falls below 45 psig (3.1 barg). Compressor operation for only a few seconds
without oil pressure causes major damage. Normal oil pressure is about 60 psig (4.1 barg) at full
rated speed and normal operating temperature. The low oil pressure shutdown must activate after
oil pressure exceeds 45 psig (3.1 barg) at start-up. Ariel provides a 1/4 inch tubing fitting to connect
the low lube oil pressure shutdown and ties a tag to this connection before each compressor ships.
Do not operate the compressor for prolonged periods at less than 50 psig (3.4 barg) oil pressure.
2. Automated pre-lube systems require a start permissive to sense minimum required pressure/time at
oil gallery inlet. See ER-56.06. Unit must shut down if the system fails to achieve 45 psig (3.1 barg)
oil pressure within 10 seconds after crankshaft starts to turn.
3. Mount overhead lube oil supply tanks high enough to provide oil flow to the level control at all ambi-
ent temperatures.
4. On multi-nozzle cylinders, Ariel strongly recommends a temperature device in both discharge
nozzles.
5. Install the high lube oil inlet temperature shutdown at the filter inlet connection.
6. At a minimum, install one vibration shutdown for two and four throw frames and two for six throw
frames. Mount vibration devices near the top of the frame with the sensitive axis parallel to the piston
rod axis.
7. Install all safety shutdowns, controls, instrumentation, ignition systems, electrical devices, and high
temperature piping (gas discharge and engine exhaust) in accordance with good engineering prac-
tice and applicable codes for the area classification at the end user location. Ensure compatibility of
all systems for area classification.
8. If packing vent temperature is monitored, alarm and shutdown set points should be confirmed
through vent flow rates.

Page 3 of 8 VER. 16 ER-56.07

 The contents of this document are proprietary and confidential. They are the
property of Ariel Corporation and may not be disclosed, reproduced, or used for
ENGINEERING REFERENCE manufacture in part or in whole without written permission from Ariel Corporation.

Ariel Supplied End Devices

CAUTION: Any arc welding on the skid and/or associated equipment and piping can per-
manently damage solid-state electronic equipment. Welding can cause immediate failure
or reduce electronic equipment life and void the warranty.
To protect electronic equipment prior to any arc welding (including repair welding), dis-
connect all electrical connections including ground, and remove batteries, or completely
remove the electronic equipment from the compressor.
It is good practice to attach the welding ground clamp as close as possible to the area
where the welding will occur and to use the lowest practical welder output setting. Weld-
ing must not cause a current flow across any compressor bearing surface, including but
not limited to crankshaft and crosshead bearing surfaces.

Main Bearing, Thrust Bearing, and Packing Case Tem-

perature Sensors
Thermocouples, Type J (Iron-Constantan) or K (Chromel-Alumel) - A thermocouple is two dis-
similar conductors joined together at one end to form a sensor that produces a thermoelectric voltage as
an accurate function of temperature. Appropriate controls interpret the thermocouple voltage as tem-
perature.
Resistance Temperature Devices (RTD) - An RTD is a sensor that pro-
duces electrical resistance as an accurate function of temperature.
Appropriate controls interpret the electrical resistance as temperature. A typ-
ical measurement technique sends a small constant current through the
sensor and measures voltage across the sensor with a digital voltmeter to
indicate resistance by a computer and wave-fitting equations.
For main or thrust bearing temperature sensing, Ariel supplies dual element,
six-wire, 100 Ohm (at 0°C) RTD’s. Dual element RTD’s allow rewiring
instead of sensor replacement if an element fails. Insulate unused wire ends
from each other and conduit ground.
To simplify wiring, RTD's come with two green wires and one black for one
element, and two red wires and one white for the other. See FIGURE 1.
A Zone 1 environment may require the installation of proper, intrinsically
safe or equivalent protection to fulfill electrical requirements. FIGURE 1 Typical
Dual Element RTD
Wiring Diagram
Force Feed Lubrication System Monitoring
Ariel requires the control panel to shut down the unit if a lube distribution block stops cycling during com-
pressor operation. Set the shutdown to a maximum of 3 minutes. This is a class B shutdown, defined as
a shutdown unarmed until a short time (typically 2 minutes) after the compressor starts. This allows
divider blocks time to cycle the first time before the shutdown activates.
Ariel requires all force feed lubrication monitoring devices to be grounded back to the control panel earth
ground, and all unused wires to be individually isolated so they cannot contact each other or external
sources. Improper grounding and wiring can result in unreliable monitor operation, phantom shutdowns,
and premature device failure.

Page 4 of 8 VER. 16 ER-56.07

 The contents of this document are proprietary and confidential. They are the
property of Ariel Corporation and may not be disclosed, reproduced, or used for
ENGINEERING REFERENCE manufacture in part or in whole without written permission from Ariel Corporation.

Ariel offers several lube system shutdown devices. See TABLE 2 for specifications on available types.
For detailed information about each device, visit the vendor literature section of www.arielcorp.com.

Shutdown Switch
The shutdown switch monitors divider block pin position and supplies a shutdown contact. If the divider
block stops cycling for a given time, the switch sends a shutdown signal to the control system.
For no flow shutdown devices, Normally Open (NO) refers to the switch state while the divider block
cycles or the unit runs. An NO switch means when the unit runs, the shutdown switch is open or non-
failsafe; the control system cannot detect damaged devices or loose or cut wires at startup and will
never stop the unit. A Normally Closed (NC) switch means when the unit runs, the shutdown switch is
closed or failsafe; the control system will detect a loose or cut wire and shutdown the unit.
Ariel recommends NC (failsafe) switches. However, when a NO (non-failsafe) switch is used, Ariel
recommends testing shutdown circuits at least once a month.

Proximity Switch
The proximity switch senses divider block piston position and changes switch state or pulses with every
position change. This device must work with a PLC or some other counter/timer device to produce a
shutdown. Some devices open the switch when the pin is in and close when the pin is out. Others pro-
duce a 0.5 second pulse when the pin moves in and out. With pulses, the control system must sense
switch cycling and stop the unit if a block stops cycling.
When using a proximity switch, a local cycle indicator is required for local monitoring of lube cycle times.
Ariel recommends a control system set to find the time between triggered cycles when the switch trans-
itions from off to on. See FIGURE 2.
1. Shutdown Time with No Lubrication - Distribution block cycle times vary slightly from cycle to
cycle; 12 seconds for one cycle, then 15, then 14 is normal. The recommended shutdown time is
double the design cycle time + 30 seconds, limited between 30 seconds and 3 minutes.
Shutdown Time = (2 x design cycle time + 30 seconds)
Find design cycle time on the compressor lube sheets or the compressor tag.
2. DE-BOUNCE and Latching Circuits - The device and control system scan time may necessitate
de-bounce hardware and/or software. Some devices include no built-in de-bounce circuits and can
cause a fast control system to double or triple count. Other times, it may be necessary to latch input
to allow the control system to detect only the first transition from low to high. This becomes sig-
nificant when displaying the cycle time for the operator to set pump flow rates and when calculating
total oil through the divider block.
3. Suggested Operator Displays
Divider Block Cycle Time - Set lube system pumps according to recommended divider block
cycle times. A display of divider block cycle time in seconds is helpful to adjust lube pumps as they
wear out, or to set divider block cycle times at pump replacement.
Time Since Last Pulse - It is helpful to display the timer so the operator sees it actively timing.
Average Cycle Time - Cycle time varies a few seconds from cycle to cycle. It is sometimes helpful
to display a cycle time averaged over 5 to 10 cycles.
Total Oil Consumed - Displays how much oil the lube system uses for accurate oil orders.
4. Sample Flow Diagram to Create Shutdown - FIGURE 2 shows one method to create a shut-
down within the PLC from a cycling digital input.

Page 5 of 8 VER. 16 ER-56.07

 The contents of this document are proprietary and confidential. They are the
property of Ariel Corporation and may not be disclosed, reproduced, or used for
ENGINEERING REFERENCE manufacture in part or in whole without written permission from Ariel Corporation.

FIGURE 2 Suggested
Force Feed Lube System
Proximity Switch
Shutdown Logic Diagram

TABLE 2 Force Feed Lube System Monitors - Specifications

Specification Proximity Switch DNFT Programmable DNFT

Shutdown Signal NO YES YES

Proximity Signal YES YES YES

Local Data Storage NO NO Count Display

Infrared Port NO NO NO

Remote Mounting NO NO NO

Local Cycle Indicator Separate Indicator YES - LED YES - LCD & LED

De-bounce Included NO YES YES

Battery: A-10807 Battery: A-10807

Power N/A
or 24 VDC or 24 VDC

Programmable
Shutdown Time PLC 180 seconds
20 to 255 seconds

Area Classification CSA, IECEX, ATEX

CSA 186200 (Canada): Ex d m IIC T5

CSA
CSA 186200 (US): Ex d m IIC T5, Class I, Zone 1, AEx d mb IIC T5 Gb

IECEX IECEx CSA 12.0020, Ex d mb IIC T5 Gb

ATEX II 2G SIRA 12ATEX1357, Ex d mb IIC T5 Gb

Temperature -40°F to +131°F (-40°C to +55°C)

Max. Switch Voltage 240 VDC

Max. Switch Current 10.4 mA

Max. Switch Power 2.5 VA

Page 6 of 8 VER. 16 ER-56.07

 The contents of this document are proprietary and confidential. They are the
property of Ariel Corporation and may not be disclosed, reproduced, or used for
ENGINEERING REFERENCE manufacture in part or in whole without written permission from Ariel Corporation.

Vibration Protection (Packager Supplied)

Ariel requires sensors, such as a vibration switch or transmitter, to protect the equipment in the event of
excessive vibration. Adjust alarm and shutdown levels on site under normal running conditions. Below
are typical vibration levels established from field experience:
TABLE 3 Typical Vibration Levels for Ariel Reciprocating Compressors, inch/sec (mm/s)

PackageComponents JG:A:M:P:N:Q:R:W JGJ:H:E:K:T JGC:D:F:B:V:Z:U; KBB:V:Z:U

Skid <0.10 (<2.5) <0.15 (<3.8) <0.20 (<5.1)
Compressor Frame <0.20 (<5.1) <0.40 (<10) <0.50 (<13)
Compressor Cylinder <0.45 (<11) <0.80 (<20) <1.0 (<25)
Tandem Cylinder <0.70 (<18) <1.0 (<25) <1.0 (<25)

1. Ariel does not provide vibration limits for skid piping, bottles, or scrubbers.
2. Table does not apply to JGI - vertical non-balanced compressors.
3. These figures apply to balanced opposed reciprocating compressors. They are measured in terms
of velocity, inches per second (mm/s), in zero to peak values, band filtered from 10 to 250 Hz. The
values are guidelines only. In general, if vibration levels fall below those in TABLE 3, stress levels
are well below equipment fatigue stress limit.
4. Analyze levels exceeding TABLE 3 values to determine the cause. A spectral vibration analysis
should be performed by a qualified vibration specialist.
The following devices are acceptable for use on Ariel equipment.

Vibration Switch
Ariel requires installation of an inertial or electronic vibration switch with the sensitive axis in the piston
rod direction. A minimum of 2 switches are recommended for six throw machines. Switches are not
required if transducers are utilized.

Velocity Transducers
For frames over 500 HP, Ariel recommends velocity transducers (or accelerometer transducers integ-
rated to a velocity measure) from a 10-250 Hz bandwidth, measured in peak or RMS converted to peak
levels.
Mount velocity transducers perpendicular to the crankshaft at the crankshaft centerline elevation. A
single transducer on the drive end is adequate on 2-throw and 4-throw machines. Six-throw frames
require one transducer on the drive end and one on the auxiliary end. Many Ariel frames now have
machined bosses for easy and solid connection. TABLE 3 guidelines can be applied to these readings.
The packager may set these levels as initial alarms in the shop, but must reduce them to more con-
servative protection levels after achieving normal operation.
Load changes from pneumatic clearance pockets or HE unloader actuation may cause intermittent high
vibration levels that can cause nuisance shutdowns. If this is problematic, a 1-second delay to ensure
the vibration is not a transient condition is acceptable. Other more complicated methods in control logic
can prevent these nuisance shutdowns as well.

Page 7 of 8 VER. 16 ER-56.07

 The contents of this document are proprietary and confidential. They are the
property of Ariel Corporation and may not be disclosed, reproduced, or used for
ENGINEERING REFERENCE manufacture in part or in whole without written permission from Ariel Corporation.

Accelerometer Transducers
Acceleration measurement on the frame or crosshead guides is sometimes a preferred method and
acceptable as a secondary method of protection. Typically, acceleration is measured with a high sample
rate over a wide bandwidth to quantify impact levels for protection. The many factors associated with
this measurement (sensor resonance, sample rate, mounting, structure resonance), prohibit Ariel from
providing predetermined amplitude limits. Set shutdown and alarms for these devices to a practical level
above normal after normal operation is achieved. Given the variability of acceleration responses, shut-
down and alarms (as a percentage of normal operation) may vary with application. These
measurements can also be sensitive to unloader and pocket activation.

Impact Sensors
Use of crosshead guide impact sensors or accelerometers is optional. Impact sensors monitor and
count peak G levels over a set threshold for a certain number of revolutions, and report the count to the
panel, usually in a 4-20mA current loop. They are typically mounted in the vertical direction on the
crosshead guide or in the horizontal direction on the frame and are acceptable as a second level of pro-
tection.
On high speed separable compressors, crosshead guides have a fairly high impact response in the ver-
tical direction due to normal rod reversals. Sometimes a normal machine response can saturate impact
sensor electronics and cause nuisance alarms and shutdowns. Mount impact sensors on a machined
surface. If a mounting location is not already available, these sensors can be mounted on the lifting eye
machined surface. If a different location is preferred, drill, tap, and spot face the mounting hole. It is crit-
ical to drill the hole straight so the sensor sits flat on the machine.
Mounting sensors on the frame in the horizontal direction at centerline elevation is also acceptable as a
second level of protection. Impact responses from looseness and debris transmit to the sensor effect-
ively in this location. For frame mounting, use the machined frame bosses if possible. One impact sensor
per each pair of throws or in between throws offers adequate protection. Drill, tap, and spot face mount-
ing hole. It is critical to drill the hole straight so the sensor sits flat on the machine.
Impact sensors must be selected based on the intended operating speed of the compressor. Impact
sensors require field tuning with a calibration tool. Consult manufacturer instructions for adjustment. Typ-
ical settings: time the reset level to capture approximately 16 revolutions at normal operating speed. Set
the threshold to 1.25 to 3 times the normal baseline level depending on how unit load changes affect
sensor response.

Page 8 of 8 VER. 16 ER-56.07