DAEEP Hydrological Report DAEEP-GG-0007 April 16th 2023

GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH
Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges

Bridges Division
Bangladesh Bridge Authority
Dhaka-Ashulia Elevated Expressway Project
Hydrological Report
DAEEP-GG-0007
Prepared for:
Bangladesh Bridge Authority
&
China National Machinery Import & Export Corporation
Prepared By:
North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd.
Revision 01
Apr. 16th, 2023
Design Submission
by
North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research
Institute
Submitted to CMC by:
Hydrological Report
Revision 01
Date Apr. 16th,2023
NCME Name Designation Signature Date
Designed Project
Zhao Xinyu 16/4/2023
by Designer
Checked
Guo Zefang Checker 16/4/2023
by
Reviewed
Wang Zhaojing Reviewer 16/4/2023
by
Approved Design
Xie Baolai 16/4/2023
by Manager
Design Submission
by
China National Machinery Imp. & Exp. Corp.
Submitted by:
Hydrological Report
Revision 01
Date Apr. 16th,2023

Contractor’s
Name Designation Signature Date
Consultant
Project
Zhang Xiaoxi
Leader
JSTI
Design
Yang Yang
Checker
Contractor Name Designation Signature Date
Project
CMC Ma Zhihua
Director
Reviewed & recommended for Approval by:

Employer’s
Name Designation Signature Date
Representative
TYPSA-
Ovidio Project
DOHWA-
Cordeiro Manager
DDC
Approved by:
Employer Name Designation Signature Date

Md.
Project
BBA Shahabuddin
Director
Khan
Table of Content
1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1
1.1 Project Description .............................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Scope of Work ................................................................................................................. 2
1.4 Approach and Methodology ............................................................................................ 3
1.4.1 Integrated and interdisciplinary approach ................................................................ 3
1.4.2 Methodology............................................................................................................. 4
2 CHAPTER TWO: PROJECT AREA ..................................................................................... 6
2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Socio-Economic Setting .................................................................................................. 6
2.3 Physical Settings.............................................................................................................. 7
2.3.1 Climate ..................................................................................................................... 7
2.3.2 Agro-ecological systems .......................................................................................... 8
2.3.3 Geology and Seismology .......................................................................................... 9
2.3.4 River System and Morphology ............................................................................... 10
3 CHAPTER THREE: DATA COLLECTION ....................................................................... 13
3.1 General .......................................................................................................................... 13
3.2 Field Data Collection..................................................................................................... 13
3.3 Topographic and Bathymetric Data............................................................................... 13
3.4 Hydrological Data ......................................................................................................... 14
3.5 Satellite Images ............................................................................................................. 14
4 CHAPTER FOUR: RAINFALL ANALYSIS ...................................................................... 15
4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 15
4.2 Development of IDF Curves ......................................................................................... 16
4.3 Development of IDF Curves from Daily Rainfall Data Series ...................................... 16
4.4 Derivation of IDF equation ........................................................................................... 20
5 CHAPTER FIVE: WATER LEVEL ANALYSIS ............................................................... 23
5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 23
5.2 Water Level Data Analysis and Estimation of HFL ...................................................... 23
6 CHAPTER SIX: WATERSHED ANALYSIS ..................................................................... 29
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6.1 Map of road and Landuse .............................................................................................. 29

6.2 SoB Dem and GMTED 2010 Comparison .................................................................... 30
6.3 Stream Line Generation from GMTED 2010 Data ....................................................... 32
6.4 Watershed Delineation .................................................................................................. 33
6.5 Sub-catchments from Watershed ................................................................................... 33
6.6 Discharge Generation .................................................................................................... 35
6.7 Discharge Calculation for Road Surface area................................................................ 40
6.8 Discharge Calculation for Outlets ................................................................................. 40
6.9 Field Visit for Existing Conditions of Outfalls in Site Area ......................................... 41
7 CHAPTER SEVEN: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ................................. 42
List of Tables
Table 1: Seismic zones of Bangladesh (BNBC, 2012) .................................................. 9
Table 2: Major Hydro morphological features of Turag River .................................... 11
Table 3: Highest and lowest 1-D rainfall in Dhaka...................................................... 15
Table 4: Annual maximum rainfall series for Dhaka ................................................... 16
Table 5: Rainfall depth (mm) for different return periods in Dhaka ............................ 19
Table 6: Rainfall intensity (mm/hr) for different return periods in Dhaka. ................. 20
Table 7: Coefficients for rainfall equation for Dhaka. ................................................. 21
Table 8: Coefficients for rainfall equation for Dhaka. ................................................. 22
Table 9: Water level Gumble analysis result of stations .............................................. 26
Table 10: Total Area of Sub-catchments ...................................................................... 35
Table 11: Total Discharge in Sub-catchments with cumulative run-off co-efficient ... 39
Table 12: Total Discharge Volume in Sub-catchments with cumulative run-off co-
efficient ................................................................................................................ 39
Table 13: Total Discharge in road surface for 05 segments. ........................................ 40
Table 14: Total Discharge of the outlets for 05 segments ............................................ 41
List of Figures
Figure 1: Alignment of Dhaka – Ashulia Elevated Expressway Project (DAEEP) ................... 1
Figure 2: Integrated and interdisciplinary approach followed in the study. .............................. 4
Figure 3: Locations of Project Area/Study Area ........................................................................ 6
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Figure 4: The proposed site and the closest climate stations of BMD. ..................................... 7
Figure 5: Variation of monthly rainfall in Dhaka (BMD station nearest to the site). ................ 8
Figure 6: Agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh with the proposed study site (Source: BIMS
portal Map) ....................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 7: Map showing general soil types of Bangladesh with the proposed study site (Source:
BARC Edaphic Maps) .................................................................................................... 10
Figure 8: Exposed the watershed of Turag River, in where the longest path, reach, and watershed
.........................................................................................................................................11
Figure 9: Time series plot of the 1-D annual maximum rainfall in Dhaka. ............................. 15
Figure 10: Monthly distribution of rainfall in Dhaka. ............................................................. 15
Figure 11: IDF curves for long duration rainfall in Dhaka. ..................................................... 20
Figure 12: IDF curves for short duration rainfall in Dhaka. .................................................... 22
Figure 13: Log-log plot of IDF curves for Dhaka. .................................................................. 22
Figure 14: Location of the proposed study site and the different water level and discharge gage
stations of BWDB. .......................................................................................................... 23
Figure 15: Maximum water level hydrograph at Kaliakoir (SW301) for the hydrological year
1980- 2003. ..................................................................................................................... 24
Figure 16: Maximum water level hydrograph at Nayarhat (SW14.5) for the hydrological year
1981- 2003. ..................................................................................................................... 24
Figure 17: Maximum water level hydrograph at Pubail (SW007) for the hydrological year 1980-
2003. ............................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 18: Maximum water level hydrograph at Savar (SW69) for the hydrological year 1982-
2003. ............................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 19: Maximum water level hydrograph at Kaliakoir (SW301) for the hydrological year
1980- 2003. ..................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 20: Maximum water level hydrograph at Nayarhat (SW14.5) for the hydrological year
1981- 2003. ..................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 21: HFL interpolation map for the study area .............................................................. 28
Figure 22: Map of Site Area .................................................................................................... 29
Figure 23: Land Use of Site Area ............................................................................................ 30
Figure 24: Comparison between GMTED 2010 DEM and SoB DEM ................................... 32
Figure 25: Stream Line Generation Model .............................................................................. 32
Figure 26: Sub-catchments that intersected in Site Area ......................................................... 34
Figure 27: Flow Direction ....................................................................................................... 36
Figure 28: Cumulative run-off coefficient formula ................................................................. 37
Figure 29: Sub-catchments with road alignments along with Pour Points .............................. 38
Figure 30: Sub-catchments with Major Water Bodies (i.e., Turag River) in the site area ....... 39
Figure 31: Field Visit for Existing Conditions of Outfalls in Site Area .................................. 42
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1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Description
The Dhaka - Ashulia Elevated Expressway Project (DAEEP), a proposed elevated

expressway, is intended to reduce the current traffic congestion in the northern portion
of Dhaka, more notably in and around the Dhaka-Ashulia area. The expressway is
crucial for creating a better transportation link on the Trans-Asian highways, according
to the Bangladesh Bridge Authority, who also plans for it to be a part of the Asian
Highway route in Bangladesh.
The project addressed by this study is for a 24 km long elevated tolled expressway from
just south of the Airport Roundabout to approximately 2 km north of Baipayl. With the
exception of the first 4 km where the expressway is following the railway line, the
expressway will follow existing main roads to minimize land acquisition. The proposed
alignment of the DAEEP mostly passes through densely populated area comprising of
markets, garments factory and various types of business activities. The proposed route
of the project is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Alignment of Dhaka – Ashulia Elevated Expressway Project (DAEEP)
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This report focuses on the study of the hydrological aspects of the proposed Elevated
Expressway and suggests a number of hydrological design parameters for use in
subsequent structural/road design of the expressway.
1.2 Objectives of the Study
The overall objectives of the study are to conduct detailed hydrological study for the
proposed road and drains all along the Dhaka - Ashulia Elevated Expressway for
determining intensity of rainfall, design discharge and for computing Highest Flood
Level (HFL) for overtopping discharge, discharge over the roadway. This study is
mainly conducted to check the suitability of proposed drains whether these drains could
carry the water flow safely and effectively.
1.3 Scope of Work
The scope of work of this study is limited to the following:

• Direct observation through field visit to the project site;
• Public consultation for outfall site selection;
• Collection and processing of secondary data from BMD, BWDB, LGED, RHD,
Dhaka Bypass Expressway Development Company Limited and other
organizations;
• Collection of field data from the local people regarding streams and depressions,
etc.;
• Collection of field data from the local people regarding probable suitable
alignment of the proposed road/drain;
• Collection of data on the highest flood level;
• Collection of all relevant data including hydrologic, morphologic, hydraulic,
satellite images, etc., from concerned authorities;
• Carrying out hydrologic and morphologic surveys.
• Carrying out statistical analysis of water levels at the culvert site for
determination of the highest water levels for different return periods;
2
• Selection of a suitable site for the outfall and alignment of the approach road;
• Studying various options for selection of the outfall site;
• Determination of design parameters for the drain section;
• Determination of hydraulic design parameters for the culvert including length
of the culvert, height of the culvert, no of vents and over topping discharge;
• Consultation with Dhaka - Ashulia Elevated Expressway Project (DAEEP)
personnel and BBA personnel during different phases of the study;
• Reporting on the study.
1.4 Approach and Methodology
1.4.1 Integrated and interdisciplinary approach
Bangladesh is a delta with a vast and complex river system that runs the length of the
nation. Any alteration to this complicated river system and floodplain has the potential
to change both the existing natural environment and social relations. A problem's
solution is frequently multifaceted, involving institutional, technological, social,
economic, environmental, and frequently political components, all of which interact
with one another. Since all linked concerns (or disciplines) must be incorporated from
the very beginning of the problem conceptualization stage all the way through to the
implementation stage of the intervention, the research of any water intervention
requires an interdisciplinary approach. Hence, an integrated and interdisciplinary
strategy was used in the investigation of many elements related to the proposed
development of the BBA projects, as shown in Figure 2. People’s views on different
aspects of the culverts (hydro-morphological and social) were integrated with technical
analysis, which was also supported by technology.
3
Figure 2: Integrated and interdisciplinary approach followed in the study.
1.4.2 Methodology
An important component of the study was field observation and gathering information
from the local people through participatory approaches. The key information obtained
were people’s perceptions of the necessity of the drainage system, the hydro-
morphological behavior of the streams, socio-economic use of the streams, and the most
suitable location for constructing the outfall of the drainage system. This field
component was then integrated with an in-depth hydrological and morphological
investigation of the streams approximately the proposed and/or suitable drainage
location and size along the roads.
Structure of the Report
Chapter Two presents a description of the study area including socio-economic setting,
climate, agro-ecological systems, geology and seismology, river system and
morphology, in proposed Dhaka-Ashulia Elevated Express Way.
Chapter Three summarizes data collection procedure and types of collected data.
Chapter Four provides the rainfall analysis for different return periods to derivation
of IDF curves, Development of design Hyetographs considering climate change impact
4
on rainfall.
Chapter Five derives the water level data analysis and estimation of High Flood Level.
Chapter Six watershed analysis for sub-catchment areas.
Chapter Seven presents the conclusion and recommendation.
5
2 CHAPTER TWO: PROJECT AREA
2.1 Introduction
The project area for this study is from Tongi to Ashulia including three bridges on the
Tongi Khal, Turag Branch River and Turag River respectively. Part of Dhaleswari River
near Savar City also included for this hydrological study to design the crest level of the
road towards BaiPail. The area from Gazipur to Amin Bazar is to be considered for this
study. Figure 3 shows the project corridor map.
Figure 3: Locations of Project Area/Study Area
2.2 Socio-Economic Setting
Savar is a suburban area located in the Dhaka district of Bangladesh. The socio-
economic setting of Savar is characterized by a mix of urban and rural features, with a
population of over 1 million people. Here are some key aspects of the socio-economic
setting of Savar:
Economic activities: The economy of Savar is mainly based on the garment industry,
which is a major contributor to Bangladesh's overall economy. Other important
economic activities include agriculture, poultry farming, and small-scale businesses.
Education: There are several educational institutions in Savar, including universities,

colleges, and schools. The most notable ones are the Jahangirnagar University and the
Bangladesh University of Textiles.
6
Health: The healthcare system in Savar is relatively underdeveloped compared to urban

areas, with limited access to quality medical facilities. However, there are several public
and private hospitals and clinics in the area.
Infrastructure: Savar has a well-developed road network and is connected to the rest
of Dhaka through the Dhaka-Aricha highway. The area also has a railway station and a
bus terminal, which connects it to other parts of the country.
Social factors: Savar has a diverse population, with people from different religious and
ethnic backgrounds living together. However, there are issues related to income
inequality, poverty, and social exclusion, which affect the well-being of certain groups
in the area.
Overall, the socio-economic setting of Savar is characterized by a mix of strengths and
challenges, with significant potential for growth and development.
2.3 Physical Settings

The description of physical settings of the study area includes the climatic conditions,
agro- ecological settings, geology and soil types, hydrological system and river
morphology, status of water resources systems and existing communication network,
etc.
2.3.1 Climate
Savar Upazila is located within

North-Central hydrological
region of Bangladesh. There is no
climate station of BMD at the
Upazila. The nearest climate
station of BMD is shown in
Figure 4.
The nearest BMD station to the
proposed site at Savar Upazila is
Figure 4: The proposed site and the closest climate stations of BMD.
at Dhaka. The mean annual
7
rainfall in Dhaka is about 2041

mm which is lower than the
national average of 2300 mm.
Annual rainfall shows
considerable variability from year
to year. The rainfall also varies
considerably within a year (Figure
2.3), with 79.3% of rainfall
Figure 5: Variation of monthly rainfall in Dhaka (BMD station nearest to the
occurring in the five months from site).
May to September. According to

BMD station at Dhaka, the maximum temperature varies from 25.3°C to 33.9°C and
yearly maximum is experienced during the pre-monsoon. Average monthly minimum
temperature ranges from 12.3°C to 26.2°C where January is the coolest month. The
relative humidity ranges from 61% to 85% with average humidity stands at 75.2%.
2.3.2 Agro-ecological systems
The present project site is located in the Agro-

ecological Zone (AEZ)- 8: ‘Young
Brahmaputra and Jamuna Floodplain’ and part
of AEZ-28: ‘Madhupur Tract’ (Figure 6).
AEZ-08 Young Brahmaputra and Jamuna
Floodplain (5,924 sq km) the region comprises
the area of Brahmaputra sediments. It has a
complex relief of broad and narrow ridges,
inter-ridge depressions, partially in filled cut-
off channels and basin. This area is occupied
by permeable silt loam to silty clay loam soils
on the ridges and impermeable clays in the
basins, neutral to slightly acid in reaction. Figure 6: Agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh with the
proposed study site (Source: BIMS portal Map)
General soil types include predominantly grey
8
floodplain soils. Organic matter content is low in ridges and moderate in basins. Soils
are deficient in N, P, and S but the status of K and Zn are reasonable.
The AEZ-28 region has complex relief and soils developed over the Madhupur Clay.
The landscape comprises level upland, closely or broadly dissected TERRACES
associated with either shallow or broad, deep valleys. Eleven general soil types exist in
the area of which deep red brown terrace, shallow red brown terrace soils and ACID
BASIN CLAYS are the major ones. Soils in the valleys are dark grey heavy clays. They
are strongly acidic in reaction with low status of organic matter, low moisture holding
capacity and low fertility level.
2.3.3 Geology and Seismology
The soil type at Savar Upazila near the study site is non-calcareous grey floodplain soil
which has low organic content and slight acidic in nature (Figure 2.6). The permeability
of the soils is moderate.Based on earthquake epicenters and morphotectonic
characteristics under Bangladesh National Building Code, Bangladesh is divided into
four seismic zones, namely Zone-1, Zone-2, Zone-3 and Zone-4 (Table 1).
The proposed study site is located in Zone-2 of earthquake zones which is a zone of
very moderate seismic intensity with a basic seismic co-efficient of 0.20 (Figure 2.6).
Thus, special care should be given in design and construction considering alluvial
formations and the seismic activities. During seismic or earthquake delineation, ground
condition (firm or soft) has not been taken into consideration in Bangladesh. Hence
special precaution is needed in considering the risk from earthquakes to any water
structure in floodplain formations.
Table 1: Seismic zones of Bangladesh (BNBC, 2012)
Seismic Location Seismic Seismic Zone

Zone Intensity Coefficient, Z
1 Southwestern part including Barisal, Low 0.12
Rangamati, Jessore, Rajshahi
2 Lower Central and Northwestern part Moderate 0.20
including Noakhali, Rangamati, Pabna,
Dinajpur, as well as Southwestern corner
including Sundarbans
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Seismic Location Seismic Seismic Zone

Zone Intensity Coefficient, Z
3 Upper Central and Northwestern part Severe 0.28
including Brahmanbaria, Sirajganj,
Rangpur
4 Northeastern part including Sylhet, Very Severe 0.36
Mymensing, Kurigram
Figure 7: Map showing general soil types of Bangladesh with the proposed study site (Source: BARC Edaphic
Maps)
2.3.4 River System and Morphology
The Turag River originated from the Bangshi River (lower) at Khaliakhor upazilla
under Gazipur district. Major Hydro-morphological features of Turag River were
presented in Table 2. Turag River is divided into two parts at the point of Birulia Union
of Savar upazilla under Dhaka district. The river is flowing over Khailaikhar, Ashulia,
Savar, Mirpur, Keraniganj and finally falls into Buriganga River at Hazaribag in Dhaka
District.
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Table 2: Major Hydro morphological features of Turag River
Nature Meandering , gradient 2cm/km
Bank level Left 2.67 m to 5.92 m, right 4.210 to 368

m
Bed level -0.748 to -12541 m,
Catchment area 1024 sq km
Discharge/ River Flow
Dry period 124 cusec,
Monsoon period 1136 cu sec
Tidal effect D/S Tidal upstream, non-tidal
Another part falls into

Buriganga River of Kaundia
Union of Savar Upazila in
Dhaka district. Three tributaries
Gollar Khal, Salda and
Labundha were met at Boalia
union of Khaliakhar upazilla
under Gazipur district and at
Mirzapur of Tangail sadar. One
distributar Tongi khal
originated from Turag at
Burulia union of Savar upazilla
and Dhaka district. Tidal effect
is dominant at the downstream.
Figure 8: Exposed the watershed of Turag River, in where
At monsoon period water flow the longest path, reach, and watershed
increases and inundates the flood

plain both side of the river. Low flow or dry season flow is very important for Turag
River as it becomes polluted from the nearby industries. Water level varies from around
11
1 m to 2 m from January to April. All the years shows similar pattern and during dry
period tidal flow is dominant. Watershed is drainage region of a river. River watershed
defined by upstream outlet. Figure 8 exposed the watershed of Turag River, in where
the longest path, reach, watershed and basin boundary are shown. The catchment of
Turag River is semi funnel shape.
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3 CHAPTER THREE: DATA COLLECTION
3.1 General
As discussed in Chapter One, the study followed an interdisciplinary approach. An

important component of the study was field observation and gathering information from
the local people through participatory approaches. The technical analysis, i.e. analysis
of hydro-morphology and estimation of different parameters associated with the
proposed study site required a wide range of data, including rainfall data, topography,
river discharge and water level, and satellite images, etc.
3.2 Field Data Collection
Two-field visits were made to the study site by the Study team on the 1st and 15th
February, 2023. Four members from study team (Muhammad Hamidul Kabir, Mynul
Isam, Muhammadss Yusuf Jamil and Sadiya Islam) attended the field visit. A moderate
number of local people were present. During both the visits, field information from the
local people was gathered mostly through individual interview and group discussion.
The useful information obtained from the interviews and discussion were people’s
opinion on the necessity of the road and culverts (e.g. what is the present status, and if
and how the proposed road will benefit them), the hydro-morphological behavior of the
water bodies, socio-economic use of the road, and the most suitable location for
constructing the proposed road and culverts.
3.3 Topographic and Bathymetric Data
Field surveys were carried out to collect up-to-date topographic data covering a reach
of 18 km of road to produce digital topographic and hydrographic maps which would
be utilized for the hydro-morphological study. The scope of the work included
establishing geographic reference and bench mark along the road; preparing maps of
physical features and land topography at a block of 20m by 20m at the study site, taking
spot levels at ~5m grid interval for plain land and at smaller intervals in undulated areas,
recording site information on water level, High Flood Level, type of traffic and
navigation etc., and preparing bathymetric map and cross-sectional drawings. All these
13
topographic and bathymetric data were used to estimate cross-sections at different

locations along the study area. The topographic and bathymetric survey data were
provided by CMC and NCME.
3.4 Hydrological Data

Hydrological data were collected from BWDB. The Tongi (SW 299) and Mirpur
(SW302) are the closest gauge stations to the proposed site on the Turag River. Tongi
(SW299) station is tidal water level gauge station of BWDB while Mirpur (SW302) is
also tidal water level and discharge gauge stations of BWDB. The locations of different
gauge stations close to the proposed study site are shown in Figure. The detail
procedures used for frequency analysis and HFL estimation are described in Chapter 5.
3.5 Satellite Images
SRTM Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with resolution of 30 meter has been
downloaded and used for generating topographic information for areas outside the
topographic survey. SRTM has been processed and applied for surface hydrological
analysis (see Chapter 5). LANDSAT 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 8 satellite
images of different hydrological years (1972, 1989, 2001, 2010 and 2018) were
analyzed for a reach of 5 km. Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS)
open-source remote sensing and ArcGIS software was used to process the satellite
images and perform spatial analysis of the images. Using multi-bands data, “False
Color Composite” images were developed to distinguish land classes. Bank lines from
different images were digitized on screen from the False Color Composite images. Bank
lines obtained from different hydrological years were superimposed to determine the
erosion and accretion process of the river and the changes of bank line.
14
4 CHAPTER FOUR: RAINFALL ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction
The rainfall gage station nearest to the study area is located in Dhaka. Bangladesh
Meteorological Department (BMD) maintains the gage station. Figure 9 show a time
series plot of the one-day (1-D) annual maximum rainfall at Dhaka. The annual mean
1-D rainfalls in Dhaka are 139 mm. The highest and lowest 1-D rainfall in Dhaka and
the year of occurrence are given in Table 3.
Table 3: Highest and lowest 1-D rainfall in Dhaka
Location Highest Lowest

Dhaka 341 mm, 2004 62 mm, 2012
Figure 9: Time series plot of the 1-D annual maximum rainfall in Dhaka.
Figure 10 shows the monthly distribution of rainfall in Dhaka. As can be seen from
monthly distribution of rainfall that most of the rainfall occurs in the months of May to
September which is around 80% of the total annual rainfall. The first step in drainage
analysis is the determination of design rainfall. Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF)
relationships (curves) are used for the purpose.
Figure 10: Monthly distribution of rainfall in Dhaka.
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4.2 Development of IDF Curves

The IDF curves are the empirical equations representing a relationship between
maximum rainfall intensity as a dependent variable and other parameters of interest; for
example, the rainfall duration and frequency as independent variables. The IDF curves
can be developed from the observed rainfall for a particular location. As mentioned
earlier that the rainfall gage station nearest to the study area is located in Dhaka. There
are two types of rainfall data available. One data is based on daily measurement while
the other data set is based on 3-hourly measurements. The daily data set for Dhaka is
available since 1953 to 2015. The 3-hourly data sets for Dhaka are available since 2003.
4.3 Development of IDF Curves from Daily Rainfall Data Series
From the observed daily rainfall values, different annual maximum rainfall series such
as one-day (1-D), two-day (2-D), three-day (3-D), four-day (4-D), five-day (5-D), six-
day (6-D) and seven-day (7-D) are derived. Table 4 shows the derived annual maximum
rainfall series for Dhaka.
Table 4: Annual maximum rainfall series for Dhaka
Year 1-D 2-D 3-D 4-D 5-D 6-D 7-D

1953 90 127 128 128 150 158 174
1954 147 255 300 317 323 334 337
1955 115 120 162 176 181 220 234
1956 326 346 366 422 430 433 443
1957 73 98 117 142 184 198 213
1958 137 140 143 148 170 176 177
1959 125 179 222 266 309 313 313
1960 141 223 275 325 331 331 332
1961 185 185 202 273 317 335 399
1962 116 141 142 149 164 173 173
1963 189 257 283 325 327 371 380
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Year 1-D 2-D 3-D 4-D 5-D 6-D 7-D

1964 114 206 241 241 241 242 243
1965 177 181 182 216 219 238 245
1966 257 270 277 278 288 347 367
1967 125 147 192 243 250 251 253
1968 145 240 257 352 379 384 390
1969 86 104 139 160 199 233 252
1970 152 262 277 291 303 307 313
1971 251 328 355 355 355 360 384
1972 231 251 265 265 314 334 337
1973 168 177 185 197 205 266 287
1974 - - - - - - -
1975 143 212 323 353 401 439 447
1976 163 263 329 416 436 436 498
1977 100 133 141 174 175 194 195
1978 128 191 208 208 216 219 227
1979 108 166 230 232 234 236 330
1980 91 125 190 231 259 259 259
1981 81 148 158 166 168 175 179
1982 146 167 191 192 193 228 259
1983 133 199 227 247 255 255 256
1984 151 201 247 291 296 311 349
1985 92 132 155 158 169 187 187
1986 176 321 358 364 401 435 437
1987 138 172 180 201 234 248 293
1988 135 175 234 269 301 322 326
1989 118 151 152 152 152 174 175
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Year 1-D 2-D 3-D 4-D 5-D 6-D 7-D

1990 94 133 180 190 199 232 242
1991 123 167 201 201 219 269 303
1992 90 91 99 145 165 177 181
1993 140 183 215 258 273 290 305
1994 74 126 152 158 163 169 169
1995 83 153 219 230 230 230 230
1996 150 177 214 214 214 214 214
1997 121 147 174 236 259 267 270
1998 122 223 279 303 306 359 360
1999 141 169 224 236 246 263 273
2000 158 259 263 272 276 278 278
2001 71 123 131 163 163 167 191
2002 88 115 125 177 203 207 214
2003 93 111 138 144 146 152 173
2004 341 497 526 571 600 632 652
2005 128 192 221 242 260 269 271
2006 185 225 299 324 329 344 344
2007 152 216 288 329 361 419 451
2008 190 195 280 280 294 339 349
2009 254 351 439 480 499 507 514
2010 88 124 134 135 135 153 153
2011 94 173 188 204 230 245 252
2012 62 74 89 98 100 108 138
2013 122 157 186 191 198 203 204
2014 75 92 107 116 125 173 188
2015 106 168 212 219 262 296 311
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A suitable probability distribution is fitted to the each selected duration data series. Extreme
Value Type-I distribution is most commonly used for developing IDF relationships
(Maidment, 1992). The Extreme Value Type-I distribution is also known as Gumbel
distribution. The probability weighted moment (PWM) method is employed to estimate
the parameters of the Gumbel distribution. Estimation of the parameters of Gumble
distribution by the PWM method is best in terms of the bias (Phien, 1987). The
parameters of the Gumble distribution are given by (Greenwood et al., 1979).
2𝑏1 − 𝑏𝑜 (4.1)
𝑎=
𝑙𝑛2
𝑑 = 𝑏𝑜 − ∈ (4.2)
where ∈ is the Euler constant which is equal to 0.57721, 𝑏1and 𝑏0 are first two sample
PWM as given below:
Estimate of the flood magnitude corresponding to T year return period can be obtained from
Using the Extreme Value Type-I (Gumbel) distribution, the derived rainfall data series
have been fitted to develop the IDF curves for different return periods. Table 5 shows
the rainfall depth for different return periods for Dhaka. Tables 6 shows the rainfall
intensity for different return periods for Dhaka. Figure 11 shows the IDF curves for
long duration rainfall for Dhaka.
Table 5: Rainfall depth (mm) for different return periods in Dhaka
Duration Return period (years)

(hr) 2 5 10 25 50 100
24 129 180 213 256 287 318
48 175 241 285 340 380 421
19

(hr) 2 5 10 25 50 100
72 206 279 328 389 435 480
96 228 308 362 429 479 529
120 242 326 382 452 504 556
144 259 346 403 476 529 583
168 272 362 421 496 552 607
Table 6: Rainfall intensity (mm/hr) for different return periods in Dhaka.

(hr) 2 5 10 25 50 100
24 5.39 7.49 8.89 10.65 11.95 13.25
48 3.65 5.02 5.93 7.07 7.92 8.77
72 2.86 3.88 4.56 5.41 6.04 6.67
96 2.37 3.21 3.77 4.47 4.99 5.51
120 2.02 2.72 3.18 3.77 4.20 4.64
144 1.80 2.40 2.80 3.30 3.68 4.05
168 1.62 2.15 2.51 2.95 3.28 3.61
Figure 11: IDF curves for long duration rainfall in Dhaka.
4.4 Derivation of IDF equation
The IDF curves in Figure 11 are for long duration rainfall. For design of urban drainage
system, short duration rainfall is required. The IDF curves for short duration rainfall
can be obtained from the long duration rainfall. In order to do that IDF curves are
expressed as equations. It also helps to avoid having to read the design rainfall intensity
20
from a graph. There are different equations to fit IDF curves. Different countries use
different equations to fit IDF curves (Daniell and Tabios, 2008). In Bangladesh there is
no national guideline as to which equation to use for IDF curves. For the current study,
following equation in the form of power law has been used to express the IDF curves
(Bernard 1932):
(4.7)
𝐶𝑇 𝑚
𝐼 =
𝑑𝑒
where,
I = rainfall intensity, mm/hr
T = Return period (years)
d = duration of rainfall (min)
C, m and e are coefficients varying with location and return period.
The above equation is one of the most commonly used equations to fit IDF curves
(Daniell and Tabios, 2008). The above equation is useful to fit IDF curves for long
duration rainfall such as daily rainfall as is the case for the present study. The
coefficients of Eq. (4.7) have been estimated by fitting the rainfall data. The different
coefficients for the IDF curve as shown in Eq. (4.7) are given in Table 7
Table 7: Coefficients for rainfall equation for Dhaka.
Location Coefficients
C m e
Dhaka 467 0.31 0.65
Using the fitted equation, the rainfall intensity for short duration has been estimated for
different return periods as shown in Figure 12 for Dhaka. The IDF curves have also been
plotted in log-log paper as can be seen in Figure 13 for Dhaka. Table 8 shows the computed
rainfall intensity for different durations and return periods for Dhaka.
21
Figure 12: IDF curves for short duration rainfall in Dhaka.
Figure 13: Log-log plot of IDF curves for Dhaka.
Table 8: Coefficients for rainfall equation for Dhaka.

(mins) 2 5 10 25 50 100
5 203.4 270.2 335.0 445.0 551.7 683.9
10 129.6 172.2 213.5 283.6 351.6 435.8
20 82.6 109.7 136.0 180.7 224.0 277.7
30 63.5 84.3 104.5 138.9 172.1 213.4
60 40.4 53.7 66.6 88.5 109.7 136.0
120 25.8 34.2 42.4 56.4 69.9 86.7
180 19.8 26.3 32.6 43.3 53.7 66.6
360 12.6 16.8 20.8 27.6 34.2 42.4
720 8.0 10.7 13.2 17.6 21.8 27.0
1440 5.1 6.8 8.4 11.2 13.9 17.2
22
5 CHAPTER FIVE: WATER LEVEL ANALYSIS
5.1 Introduction
The surface water level station nearest to the study area are SW299, SW14.5, SW301,
SW69, SW007 and SW302 which are maintain by BWDB. Station SW299, SW14.5,
SW301, SW69, SW007 and SW302 situated in Tongi Khal, Bangshi, Turag,
Dhaleshwari, Balu and Turag River respectively. Distance between the project area and
for station SW299 is 40m meters, for station SW14.5 is 8.85km, for station SW301 is
43.95km, for station SW69 16.69km is, for station SW007 is 15.29km and for station
SW302 is 13.68km far from project area. SW301 is non tidal gauge station and all the
other stations are tidal. Daily maximum water level has been collected for all the
stations. The high flow months are July-September. Maximum discharge was occurred
during the monsoon and post monsoon season from June to October. The locations of
different gauge stations close to the proposed study site are shown in Figure 14.
Figure 14: Location of the proposed study site and the different water level and discharge gage stations of BWDB.
5.2 Water Level Data Analysis and Estimation of HFL
The analysis has been done with the data available from SW299, SW14.5, SW301,
SW69, SW007 and SW302. It is observed that in the rivers, Tongi Khal, Bangshi, Turag,
23
Dhaleshwari, Balu and Turag River, the flood is in a reducing trend. Figure 15 to Figure
20 show the hydrograph of SW299, SW14.5, SW301, SW69, SW007 and SW302
stations.
11.00
Water level Variation of station SW 301
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
6-Oct-80 29-Mar-86 19-Sep-91 11-Mar-97 1-Sep-02
Figure 15: Maximum water level hydrograph at Kaliakoir (SW301) for the hydrological year 1980- 2003.
Water level Variation of station SW 14.5

10
1
03/07/1983
06/10/1980
29/03/1986
23/12/1988
19/09/1991
15/06/1994
11/03/1997
06/12/1999
01/09/2002
Figure 16: Maximum water level hydrograph at Nayarhat (SW14.5) for the hydrological year 1981- 2003.
24

7
1
06/10/1980 29/03/1986 19/09/1991 11/03/1997 01/09/2002
Figure 17: Maximum water level hydrograph at Pubail (SW007) for the hydrological year 1980- 2003.

9.5
8.5
7.5
6.5
5.5
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
18/02/1982 11/08/1987 31/01/1993 24/07/1998 14/01/2004
Figure 18: Maximum water level hydrograph at Savar (SW69) for the hydrological year 1982- 2003.
25
11.00
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
6-Oct-80 29-Mar-86 19-Sep-91 11-Mar-97 1-Sep-02
Figure 19: Maximum water level hydrograph at Kaliakoir (SW301) for the hydrological year 1980- 2003.
Water level Variation of station SW 14.5

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
06/10/198003/07/198329/03/198623/12/198819/09/199115/06/199411/03/199706/12/199901/09/2002
Figure 20: Maximum water level hydrograph at Nayarhat (SW14.5) for the hydrological year 1981- 2003.
Table 9: Water level Gumble analysis result of stations
RP 2.00 2.33 5.00 10.00 20.00 50.00 100.00
SW 007 5.86 6.00 6.58 7.06 7.52 8.11 8.55
SW 14.5 8.23 8.50 9.66 10.60 11.50 12.67 13.55
SW 69 6.28 6.46 7.24 7.88 8.50 9.29 9.89
SW 301 6.72 6.89 7.63 8.22 8.80 9.54 10.09
SW 302 7.79 7.97 8.75 9.38 9.99 10.78 11.37
26
RP 2.00 2.33 5.00 10.00 20.00 50.00 100.00
SW 299 5.77 5.91 6.48 6.96 7.41 7.99 8.43
Surface water level measuring gauge is not available at the exact point of interest.
Hence interpolation of the HFL has been done for 50 years return period to find out the
HFL at the exact point of interest i.e.; at the drainage outlet points. Interpolation has
been done by using ArcGIS 10.8 software and by applying Inverse Distance Weighting
(IDW) function. Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation is mathematical
(deterministic) assuming closer values are more related than further values with its
function. Below figure shows the interpolation map for the study area.
27
Figure 21: HFL interpolation map for the study area
28
6 CHAPTER SIX: WATERSHED ANALYSIS
6.1 Map of road and Landuse
Figure 22: Map of Site Area
29
Figure 23: Land Use of Site Area
6.2 SoB Dem and GMTED 2010 Comparison
The quality of a DEM (Digital Elevation Model) is a measure of how accurate elevation
is at each pixel (absolute accuracy) and how accurately is the morphology presented.
Pixel size, also known as spatial resolution, is an important consideration in DEMs
30
because it determines the level of detail that can be captured in the terrain data. Pixel
size refers to the size of the individual cells or pixels in the DEM, typically measured
in meters. A smaller pixel size means that each pixel represents a smaller area on the
ground, which allows for more detail to be captured in the terrain data.
Conversely, a larger pixel size means that each pixel represents a larger area on the
ground, which results in less detail being captured in the terrain data. This can lead to
a loss of important features and information, such as small streams, cliffs, and other
terrain variations.
Therefore, choosing an appropriate pixel size is crucial in order to accurately represent
the terrain features of interest in the DEM. The optimal pixel size will depend on the
specific application and the level of detail required for the analysis. In general, higher
resolution DEMs are preferred for applications such as land use planning, hydrology,
and environmental modeling, while lower resolution DEMs may be sufficient for
broader-scale analysis such as regional mapping.
On that occasion, spot height-based SoB DEM has 50-meter resolution whereas Global
Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 has 30-meter resolution quality. From that
perspective, GMTED 2010 was selected for further calculation. On the other hand,
GMTED covers larger areas that intersected with site area whereas spot height-based
generated SoB DEM has lesser extent to be covered.
31
Figure 24: Comparison between GMTED 2010 DEM and SoB DEM
6.3 Stream Line Generation from GMTED 2010 Data

Stream lines is generated from GMTED 2010 data by python based arcgis model (in
figure). Once the tool has finished running, the stream lines will be generated as a
feature class that can be displayed and analyzed in ArcGIS. Note that the accuracy and
quality of the stream lines will depend on the resolution and accuracy of the DEM data
used, as well as the input parameters specified in the tool.
Figure 25: Stream Line Generation Model
32
6.4 Watershed Delineation

Watershed delineation can be performed using streamlines generated from a DEM in
GIS software such as ArcGIS, QGIS, or GRASS GIS. To determine the contributing
area, a raster representing the direction of flow was created with the Flow Direction
tool.
6.5 Sub-catchments from Watershed
To identify sub-catchments within a watershed, typically needs to use a digital elevation

model (DEM) and a geographic information system (GIS) software. The DEM provides
information on the elevation of the land surface, while the GIS software allows one to
delineate the boundaries of the watershed and sub-catchments based on the topography.
The following steps are followed to identify sub-catchments within a watershed:
a. Obtaining a digital elevation model (DEM) for the area of interest.
b. Using GIS software to delineate the boundary of the watershed by identifying the
ridge lines that separate the areas that drain into different outlets.
c. Using the DEM and GIS software to identify the flow direction of water within the
watershed. This was be done by calculating the slope of the land surface and identifying
the areas where water would naturally flow towards a particular outlet.
d. Based on the flow direction, dividing the watershed into smaller sub-catchments by
drawing boundaries that separate areas that drain into different outlets.
e. Finally, calculating the area and other characteristics of each sub-catchment, such as
its slope, aspect, and vegetation cover, using the DEM and GIS software.
33
Figure 26: Sub-catchments that intersected in Site Area
34
6.6 Discharge Generation

Table 10: Total Area of Sub-catchments
Grid Code Area Square Kilometers Hectares

1 0.17 16.92
2 0.02 1.55
3 0.16 16.29
4 0.26 26.23
5 0.11 11.37
6 0.35 35.20
7 0.35 35.13
8 0.66 65.93
9 16.99 1698.75
Total 19.07 1907.37
The Rational Method is used for determining peak discharges from small drainage areas.
This method is traditionally used to size storm sewers, channels, and other stormwater
structures which handle runoff from drainage areas less than 20 acres. The Rational
Formula is expressed as Q = CiA where: Q =Peak rate of runoff in cubic feet per
second C =Runoff coefficient, an empirical coefficient representing a relationship
between rainfall and runoff. i =Average intensity of rainfall in inches per hour for
the time of concentration (Tc) for a selected frequency of occurrence or return period.
A = The watershed area in acres.
35
Figure 27: Flow Direction
36
Processes that were followed during calculation:

a) Firstly, we generated the streamlines fro the study area by using model which
was given in report (figure 25).
b) From streamlines, generation of catchments were done. Then we formulated
sub-catchments from the streamlines which actually affect the site road.
c) Having landuses and cross-checked with the sub-catchments boundaries thus
it could have our sub-catchments landuses.
d) Landuse types were in square km then we converted it to area-acres.
e) We had used rainfall intensity from the report which was 50 years return
periods and having 6 hrs rainfall; then we converted it to inch/hrs as we used
rational discharge formula.
f) From landuses area and runoff co-efficient, we developed cumulative runoff
coefficient; thus, the formula was attached.
Figure 28: Cumulative run-off coefficient formula
g) Then we calculated discharge in cfs and convert it to m3/s.
37
Figure 29: Sub-catchments with road alignments along with Pour Points
38
Figure 30: Sub-catchments with Major Water Bodies (i.e., Turag River) in the site area
Table 11: Total Discharge in Sub-catchments with cumulative run-off co-efficient
Grid Code of
sub- Cumulative, C Discharge, cfs Discharge, 𝑚3 /𝑠 Remarks
catchments
1 0.16 9.14 0.26 Impact on
2 0.20 1.04 0.03 site
3 0.10 5.49 0.16
4 0.17 14.99 0.42
5 0.24 8.94 0.25
6 0.16 18.29 0.52
7 0.17 20.09 0.57
8 0.14 31.73 0.90
0.16 1.99 0.57 Discharge in
9 nearby
streams
Table 12: Total Discharge Volume in Sub-catchments with cumulative run-off co-efficient
Grid Code of Discharge

3 2 Volume, Q
sub- Discharge, 𝑚 /𝑠 Area (𝑚 )
catchments (mm/day)
1 0.26 170000 132.14
2 0.03 20000 129.60
3 0.16 160000 86.40
39
Grid Code of Discharge

sub- Discharge, 𝑚 /𝑠 3 Area (𝑚2 ) Volume, Q
catchments (mm/day)
4 0.42 260000 139.57
5 0.25 110000 196.36
6 0.52 350000 128.37
7 0.57 350000 140.71
8 0.90 660000 117.82
9 0.57 16990000 2.90
6.7 Discharge Calculation for Road Surface area

In this section, the discharge for just the road surface (black top) has computed.
According to the chainage, the expressway's complete length has divided into five (05)
segments. The peak flow for each segment has calculated and has shown in the table
below:
Table 13: Total Discharge in road surface for 05 segments.
R.O Storage Eff. Travel ToC Peak

Road Contributing Contributing
Chainage coeff. coeff. area time (min) Flow
Width(m) Distance(m) Area(ha)
(min) (m3/s)
4+300- 23.3 3400 7.46 0.9 0.8 5.37 1 32 1.37
7+500
7+500- 23.3 2500 5.36 0.9 0.8 3.86 1 29 1.01
9+800
13+000- 23.3 2600 5.83 0.9 0.8 4.19 1 30 1.09
15+500
15+500- 23.3 3200 6.99 0.9 0.8 5.03 1 31 1.29
18+500
18+500- 23.3 3400 7.46 0.9 0.8 5.37 1 32 1.37
21+700
6.8 Discharge Calculation for Outlets

In this section, the total discharge at outlets has estimated. There are total five (05)
outlets in the entire length of the expressway to drain out the storm water. The storm
water will contribute from the surrounding sub-catchments and the road surface for
each segments. The below table shows the total discharge at the outlet point for each
segments.
40
Table 14: Total Discharge of the outlets for 05 segments
Outlet Discharge in Sub- Discharge in Road Total Discharge, 𝑚3 /

Locations catchment, 𝑚3 /𝑠 Surface area, 𝑚3 /𝑠 𝑠
5+420 0.00 1.37 1.37
9+800 0.00 1.01 1.01
14+400 0.76 1.09 1.85
16+700 0.19 1.29 1.48
21+740 0.78 1.37 2.15
6.9 Field Visit for Existing Conditions of Outfalls in Site Area

A field visit was executed on 15th April, 2023 for confirming and understanding the
outfalls of the sub-catchments in the site area.
41
Figure 31: Field Visit for Existing Conditions of Outfalls in Site Area
Existing Conditions:
• Existing operational culvert was found in CH 13+000 and for the sub-
catchments 7 and 9 both has outfalls near the stream (Turag River).
• Newly construction of drains by government was found in CH 13+100 which
will also help to discharge water from sub-catchments 7 and 9, respectively.
• Culvert that was out of order was found at CH 15+300 which has impact the
discharges from sub-catchments 4 and 8, respectively.
• Existing canal which is started from CH 19+400 and ending point nearly CH
15+900 and in starting point the canal is crossing the road by existing culvert
and meet with nearby stream Turag River. This canal has width of 18ft but in
some points it gets shrinked to nearly 16ft. Unauthorized settlements, dumping
ravish on canals, industrial waste dumping, etc are the basic causes for this
condition.
• Private land is stemming the outfall at CH 16+700 and has impacts on sub-
catchments 4 and 8, respectively.
Recommendations:
• Drain is clogged but by proper maintenance it can be operational again.
• Canal needs to be freed from any obstructions which stemmed down its natural
flows and after fully operational it could discharge a great portion of discharge
from sub-catchments.
7 CHAPTER SEVEN: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The overall objectives of the study were to conduct detailed hydrological study for the
proposed drainage design all along the Dhaka - Ashulia Elevated Expressway for
determining design discharge, HFL and select the outfall discharge and location for
drainage system of the project. This report focuses on the study of the hydrological
aspects of the proposed drainage system. From the study, rainfall intensity is calculated
42
using Gamble Distribution method and Log- Pearson method, from them Gamble
distribution method is more appropriate. For water level analysis, daily data of six
stations of BWDB (SW007, SW 14.5, SW 69, SW299, SW 301 and SW302) have been
analysis. Station SW14 is not taken in the consideration, as the number of missing data
is higher. Road surface and nearby sub-catchments have both been taken into
consideration when calculating the overall discharge of the outlets.
43

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DAEEP Hydrological Report DAEEP-GG-0007 April 16th 2023

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GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH

Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges

Submitted to CMC by:

Date Apr. 16th,2023

NCME Name Designation Signature Date

Date Apr. 16th,2023

Reviewed & recommended for Approval by:

Employer Name Designation Signature Date

6.1 Map of road and Landuse .............................................................................................. 29

1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Description

The Dhaka - Ashulia Elevated Expressway Project (DAEEP), a proposed elevated

Figure 1: Alignment of Dhaka – Ashulia Elevated Expressway Project (DAEEP)

1.2 Objectives of the Study

1.3 Scope of Work

The scope of work of this study is limited to the following:

1.4 Approach and Methodology

1.4.1 Integrated and interdisciplinary approach

Figure 2: Integrated and interdisciplinary approach followed in the study.

2 CHAPTER TWO: PROJECT AREA

Figure 3: Locations of Project Area/Study Area

2.2 Socio-Economic Setting

Education: There are several educational institutions in Savar, including universities,

Health: The healthcare system in Savar is relatively underdeveloped compared to urban

2.3 Physical Settings

Savar Upazila is located within

rainfall in Dhaka is about 2041

May to September. According to

2.3.2 Agro-ecological systems

The present project site is located in the Agro-

2.3.3 Geology and Seismology

Seismic Location Seismic Seismic Zone

Seismic Location Seismic Seismic Zone

2.3.4 River System and Morphology

Table 2: Major Hydro morphological features of Turag River

Nature Meandering , gradient 2cm/km

Bank level Left 2.67 m to 5.92 m, right 4.210 to 368

Tidal effect D/S Tidal upstream, non-tidal

Another part falls into

increases and inundates the flood

3 CHAPTER THREE: DATA COLLECTION

As discussed in Chapter One, the study followed an interdisciplinary approach. An

3.2 Field Data Collection

3.3 Topographic and Bathymetric Data

topographic and bathymetric data were used to estimate cross-sections at different

3.4 Hydrological Data

3.5 Satellite Images

4 CHAPTER FOUR: RAINFALL ANALYSIS

Location Highest Lowest

Figure 10: Monthly distribution of rainfall in Dhaka.

4.2 Development of IDF Curves

4.3 Development of IDF Curves from Daily Rainfall Data Series

Table 4: Annual maximum rainfall series for Dhaka

Year 1-D 2-D 3-D 4-D 5-D 6-D 7-D

1954 147 255 300 317 323 334 337

1955 115 120 162 176 181 220 234

1956 326 346 366 422 430 433 443

1957 73 98 117 142 184 198 213

1958 137 140 143 148 170 176 177

1959 125 179 222 266 309 313 313

1960 141 223 275 325 331 331 332

1961 185 185 202 273 317 335 399

1962 116 141 142 149 164 173 173

1963 189 257 283 325 327 371 380