SHORT NOTES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

1 Aldol CH3CHO ( H) Dil base CH3-CH=CH-CHO AB + Nu addition + dehydration

(K2CO3/NaHCO3/KOH)
2. Claisen Schmidt CH3CHO + PhHO Dil base PhCH=CH-CHO AB + Nu addition + dehydration
(H ) (H ) (K2CO3/NaHCO3/KOH)
Less stable
AB + Nu addition + dehydration
3. Direct aldol LDA + CH2=O
O O

CH2 OH
4 Polymer aldol nCH3CHO Con. KOH CH3-(CH=CH)n-1CHO Polymerization

5 Intra molecular CHO CHO >ketone

aldol Dil KOH OH (6 > 5 > 7 > 4 > 3 ring stability)
COCH 3
COCH3
6. Cannizaro HCHO (H absent) Conc. KOH HCOOK + CH3OH Nu.add + H-transfer + AB
7. Cross cannizaro HCHO + PhCHO Conc. KOH HCOOK + PhCH2OH Note :
HCHO > PhCHO
+M > -M
C-D > C-H
Intra > inter
8. Perkin PhCH=O (CH3CO)2O + CH3COONa Ph-CH=CH-COOH AB + Nu. Add + hydrolysis +
dehydration

9. Isocyanide R-NH2 CHCl3 + KOH R-N  C R NH2 + CCl2
OH OH OH O
CHO
R.T.R
10. (Reimer teimann CHCl3 + KOH + CCl2
reaction)

CHO

OH OH O

COOH Cl
Reimer teimann CCl4 + KOH
11. Carboxylation + Cl
+ Para Cl
Cl
Cl
12. Abnormal RTR CHCl3 + KOH Cl
Cl
OH O
CO2 + KOH Para
13. Kolbe Schmidt O
CO2 + NaOH Ortho
+ C O

Ph OH O
14. Beckmann N H2SO4/PCl5 Anti migration
CH3 NH C Ph
H3C

15. W.K.R. Ph NH2 Ph

(Wolf kischner N KOH/ Ph-CH2-CH3 C N NH
reduction)
CH3 CH 3

C.R. H H
16. (Clemmenson O Zn-Hg+HCl 
H O+e
reduction) 

SH H S
O + Ni-H 2 Ni/H2
17. Mojingo SH H
reduction S

Pinacol- HO OH O OH
18. Pinacolone Con H2SO4 

CH3

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19. Pinacolone OH OH Con H2SO4 OH O


O OH O
20. Pinacolone Con H2SO4 
fasion

OH OH
21. Pinacolone NH2 NaNO2 + HCl 
O
diazotization CH2 N2

OH HO O
CH2OH TsCl + Py CH2 OH
22. Semipinacolone

less steric

23. Diazotisation R-NH2 NaNO2 + 2HCl R-OH 

R N2

H-X/S/O/N/CCl3
24. RMgx SR PhMgX Ph-H RMgX
(acid base) H C Aromatic
enol star

Ph
Ph
R C O
25. Nu addition R–C  N PhMgX/H3O H
R C O
O
H

O OH
26. SNAE (2) PhMgX/H3O  
COCl > COOCO > CHO >
R C X/S/O/N/CCl 3 R C Ph
CO > COOR > CONH2
Ph

27. SN2 PbCl2 (4) C2H5MgX (C2H5)4Pb Transfer of metal

28. Hoffman R–Cl (excess) NH3/Py R4NCl- SN2

ammonolysis

Hoffman 
29. exhaustive NR 3 Alc. KOH/ 1° > 2° > 3°  -hydrogen
elimination Bad lgp

Br
- +
30. Bulky base O K / 1° > 2° > 3° (-Hydrogen)

O O
Hoffmann (4) KOH + Br2 R-NH2
R C NH 2
31. hypobro mamide R N Br

CN
32. Cyanohydrin R-CH=O KCN(esters) Nu-Addition (CHO > CO)
R CH OK
OH White ppt with RCHO and CH3CO
33. NaHSO3 R-CH=O Aq NaHSO3 R CH but not with C2H5COC2H5
SO3Na
34. N-derivative R–CH=O NH2–OH RCH=N–OH Oxime
35. R-CH=O H2N-NH2 R-CH=N-NH2 Hydrazone
O O
36. R-CH=O Semicarbazide
H2N C NH NH2 R CH N NH C NH2

37. R-CH=O 2,4-DNP R CH N NH NO 2 Yellow/red

Brady reagent

O 2N

38. R-CH=O HO
HO
Acetal

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 O
R CH
O

39. H/ROH (any.) OR

Markonikoff
O O

40. H3O
O CH O Hydrolysis
OH


41. Decarboxylation O  O H
(-ketoacid) 14  O O
Ph C CH2COOH Ph C CH 3
+ 14
CO 2 Ph O


 O
COOH  C O H
42. Geminal di acid CH2  CH3COOH + CO2
CH2
COOH
C O
OH

 
 CH2  H
43.  -unsaturated  + CO2 H2C O
COOH
acid
O

44. Soda lime 14 NaOH/CHO 14 O

RCOOH R H + CO 2 
R C O R CO 2
From comp.

45. NaHCO3 14 12 12 From Bicarbonate

RCOOH NaHCO 3 RCOONa + CO2

O
O
46. Ca salt R-COOH CaO/ R C O
R C R 
Ca
R C O
O


 O
COOH 
47. Vicinal di acid 
COOH O SNAE

48. Swartz R–Cl AgF/HgF2 R–F SN2

49. Finkelstein R–Br NaI/Acetone R–I SN2 – lechatalier concept
50. Williamson ether R–OH  RO R–Cl R–O–R SN2 1º>2°>3°

51. Gabriel R–Cl

phthalimide NH + KOH R–NH2 SN2 + Hydrolysis

52. 
 R–OH  R–O–CH3 R O + CH 3 N2
CH 2 N2 CH 2 N2

53. NaNH2 R–C  C–H R–Cl R–C  C– R A.B. + SN2

H H
54 Inversion in SN2 HS  
CH3 Cl HS CH3
One interchange.
D D

Racemzation

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55. in SN2 H NaI/Acetone 50% + 50% If lgp and Nu both are same
CH3 I
D

H H
Reaction out of Chiral center
R O R O R
56. Retention in SN2 R-Cl
D D

R O H

Cl S Cl
O
57 Darzen R-OH SOCl2/ R-Cl Recention

C O > C O
58. PCl5/ R-OH PCl5/ R-Cl
Cl
C Cl C
Cl

59. PBr3/ R–OH PBr3/ R–Br SN2

P  Cl2  P+Cl2 R CH COOH E Addition

60. RCH2COOH
H.V.Z Cl

  O

O
61.  Hydroxy acid OH  Lactide
CH2 O
COOH
O

 
 OH 
62. Hydroxy acid  CH2=CH–COOH
CH2 CH2COOH

 
63. Hydroxy acid OH COOH 
O Lactone/cyclic ester
O

 
64. -Amino acid NH2 COOH  Lactum/cyclic amide
O
NH

65. Wurtz R-Cl Na/DE R–R Free radical

66. Fitting Ph–Cl Na/DE Ph–Ph Free radical
67. Wurtz fitting R–Cl + Ph–Cl Na/DE R–R + Ph – Ph + Ph – R Free radical
68. Ulmann 2R–l Cu/ R–R Free radical
69. Correy house R–Cl R2CuLi R–R SN2 Best than wurtz
O

R C O R COO
70. Kolbe electrolytic RCOOK Electro. R–R
-CO2
R

D Sun Addition
71. Hydrogenation Ni/D2
CBSE
TEST
D

Br Anti. addition
72. Halogenation Br2/CCl4 CAT
TAE
Br

73. Lindlar Pd-BaSO4 + H2 H H

Syn Add.

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 H Radical anion
74. Birch Na/NH3

75. Birch Na/NH3 Radical anion

76. Dehydrogenation Se/S/Pd



77. Aromatisation Al2O3/Cr2O3

78. Isomerisation AlCl3/

79. Terminal alkyne CH

NaNH2 paraffin Internal alkyne

alcKOH/
CH

80. Prelieschiev PAA/H3O Anti addition

OH OH

81. Baeyer reagent Dil KMnO4

Syn addition
OH OH

O O O O O
82. Baeyer villiger PAA
O O C Ph
CH3 Et

83. Reductive O3 O + CH2 O Double bond replace by two

O3 + Zn or Me2S oxygen
O O

84. Oxidative O3 O + CH 3COOH

O3 + H2O2 or Ag2O
O O

O O
85. Rosenmund H2 + Pd – BaSO4 1 mole H2
Ph C Cl Ph C H

86. Stephen R–C  N SnCl2  2HCl R-CH=O R-CH=NH

H3O 

CHO OCrOHCl 2
CH
OCrOHCl 2
87. Etard CrO2Cl2/H3O

CHO

88. Gattermann CO + HCl / AlCl3

Koch

RCHO
O OH
 
R C CH 2 RCHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2] + 3HO
Ag (1) (2) (3)
89. Tollen HCOOH
Silver
AgNO3 + NH4OH Mirror 
HO OH RCOO + 2Ag + 2H2O + 4NH3
Test

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 R-NH-OH
RCHO
O OH +2 -
RCHO + 2Cu + 5OH
90. Fehling (A) CuSO4 + NaOH Cu2O
R C CH 2 (B) Na-K-tartarate (Red ppt) 
HCOOH RCOO + Cu2O + 3H2O
Not for aromatic aldehyde

91. Benedict RCHO CuSO4 + NaOH Cu2O Not for aromatic aldehyde
Na-citrate Red ppt

O O

OK AB + SNAE
92. Iodoform CH2 3I2 + 4KOH + CHI 3
COOK

O
O
R C CH3 O
R CH CH3 3I2 + 4KOH
R C OK + 4CHI 3
OH
4I2 + 6KOH RCOOK + CHI3
R CH CH3
Cl 4I2 + 7KOH RCOOK + CHI3

O
O
R C OH 
93. Esterification H / SNAE type
+ R C OCH3
CH3-OH
O  O
94. Benzoylation  SNAE
Ph C Cl + CH3NH2 Ph C NH-CH3
R-NH2 PhSO2Cl + KOH Soluble
95. Hinsberg R2-NH PhSO2Cl + KOH Insoluble Identification and separation test
R3N PhSO2Cl + KOH No reaction

1ºROH (1) P/I2 Red

96. Victor mayer 2ºROH (2) AgNO2 Blue Identification test
3°ROH (3) HNO2 Colourless
(4) KOH

1ºROH Heat SN1

97. Lucas/Groove 2ºROH HCl + ZnCl2/ 5 min (White ppt)
3°ROH Immediate

98. Sandmeyer Ph-N2X CuCl/HCl Ph-Cl Better than

CuCN/KCN PhCN Gatterman

99. Gattermann PhN2X Cu/HCl Ph-Cl

Cu/HBr Ph-Br

100. Balzscheimann PhN2X HBF4/ Ph–F

Oragen
PhOH  HO
101. Coupling Ph-N2X
reaction PhNH2  H Yellow B.P.A. – Roy
OH
 Red
+ HO

OH
102. OMDM Hg(OAc)2 + NaBH4 Markonikoff +no rearrangement
H

H Anti markonikoff +no

103. HBO B2H6/H2O2 OH rearrangement

O
OH
104. Kurcherov HgSO4 + H2SO4 Markonikoff +no rearrangement
H

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 OH O
105. Cumene OH
hydropenoxide (1) O2 + hv
(2) H3O+ + O

Cl OH

NaOH + 300 atm + 400°C Benzyne mechanism

106. Dow’s process

KMnO4 HO 1°ROH

107. Oxidation or 2°ROH RCOOH
K2Cr2O7 3°ROH >=O
 X

108. H KMnO4 OH O + CO 2

109. PCC / PDC 1°ROH

Anhydrous 2°ROH RCHO
3°ROH
O

1°ROH RCHO
110. 2°ROH
Cu / 300C
3°ROH O
Anhydrous

Alkene

OH O
MnO2
OH OH
111. Allylic oxidation MnO2/

CH=O HCOOH
(3) HIO4 +
H OH
112. HIO4 HCOOH Vicinal diol or vicinal diketo
C O +
CH 2OH CO2
+
CH2=O

115. NBS NBS/Br2,

Stable radical

Br

OH OH
114. Zn/
Zn/

+ ZnO

RCl + AlCl3, R/COOR

115. Friedal craft R C Cl + AlCl 3/   complex
O  cation

116. SNAr mesenheimer

Carbanion
KOH/

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 Cl OH

NO2 NO2

7HI
5  CH3CO 2 O
117. Glucose
5HIO4

CH2OH
O
118. Cyclic glucose 2,4-DNP/Schiff/NaHSO3 No reaction D-glucopyranose
H OH
Mutarotation G
Two M.P.
OH H G
HO

H OH

Sucrose
Cellulose
119. NON reducing Starch
Glycogen

O CH3 O O
120. NH2 CH2 C NH CH C NH CH C OH
N-terminal peptide atternate amide C-terminal
Polypeptide  Xn consider P.N.C

Polymer
1 UPE Squeeze bottle, toys, flexible pipe
2 HDPE Bucket, Dustbin, Bottles
3 PVC Rain coat, Hand bags, Vinyl flooring, water pipe
4 PP Ropes, toys, pipes, fibres
5 PVA adhesive
6 PMMA Lens
7 PAN Orion/Acrilan - wool arificial
8 Tefflon non stick utensil
9 PS Insulator, wrapping material, Toy TV cabinet
10 Isoprene Chig-gun
11 Guttapercha Teeth filling
12 Neoprene Conveyor belts, gaskets, hoses
13 BuNa-S Auto tyres, Foot wear, Cable insulation
14 BuNa-N Oil sealing
15 Nylon-6,6 Sheet, bristle, Textile
16 Nylon-6 Rope, tyre cord, fabrics
17 Nylon-2,6 Stiches fibres
18 Terylene/Dacron Fibres
19 Kevlar Bullet proof jacket
20 Glyptal Paints & lacquer
21 PHBV Capsule cocker
22 Bakelite Comb, electric switch, handles
23 Melamine-HCHO Unbreakable crockery
24 Urea-HCHO resin Unbreakable cup, laminated sheet

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