Schmidt Hammer After Palmstrom

5
2.5
Hoek Brown Criterion
Barton and Bandis GSI (Hoek et. Al. 1995)
GSI (Hoek et. Al. 1995)
 SCANLINE DISCONTINUITY SURVEY DATA Trend and Plunge of Scanline
Project Name: Tangir Darel Expressway Sheet No.: of Trend: Plunge:
Location: Bridge/ Left Bank Scanline No: End Coordinates: No. of Joint
Date: Start Coordinates: Northing: Northing: Sets
Slope Face: Dip o 85 Direction o 115 Easting: Easting:
Schmidt hammer "R" no.
Discontinuity No.

Persistence (m)

Water Seepage
Aperture (mm)
Distance (m)

Joint Set No.

Joint Filling

Roughness
Direction o

Remarks
Spacing
Strike
Type

Dip o

JRC
1 0.00 2 35 95 0.00 2.5 3 1 7 1 Type Aperture
2 0.25 2 37 295 0.25 3 7 1 4 1 0. Fault Zone 1. Cavernous >1m
3 0.35 2 37 295 0.10 1.25 7 1 4 1 1. Fault 2. Extremely wide 0.1-1m
4 0.80 2 40 268 0.45 <1 4 1 4 1 2. Joint 3. Very wide 10-100mm
5 1.60 2 85 120 0.80 0.25 3 1 4 1 3. Cleave 4. Wide >10mm
6 1.85 2 55 350 0.25 0.25 3 1 7 1 4. Schistosity 5. Moderately wide 2.5-10mm
7 2.10 2 90 25 0.25 0.23 2 1 4 1 5. Shear 6. Open 0.5-2.5mm
8 2.30 2 85 20 0.20 0.2 3 1 4 1 6. Fissure 7. Partly open 0.25-0.5mm
9 2.35 2 6 256 0.05 5 7 1 7 1 7. TensionCrack 8. Tight 0.1-0.25mm
10 2.48 2 76 335 0.13 3 3 1 5 1 8. Foliation 9. Very tight <0.1mm
11 2.50 2 40 98 0.02 2.5 3 1 7 1 9. Bending
12 2.63 2 86 316 0.13 2.5 3 1 7 1

13 2.80 2 69 92 0.17 1 4 1 4 1 Spacing Joint Infilling:

14 3.15 2 62 352 0.35 2 2 1 4 1 1. Extremely wide >6m 1. Clean
3.15 2 2. Very Wide 2-6m 2. Surface Staining
3.30 2 3. Wide 0.6-2m 3. Non-Cohesive
3.80 2 4. Medium 0.2-0.6m 4. Inactive Clay
4.66 2 5. Close 60-200mm 5. Swelling Clay
4.71 2 6. Very Close 20-60mm 6. Cemented
5.20 2 7. Thickly Laminated 6-20mm 7. Chlorite
5.70 2 8. Thinly Laminated <6mm 8. Fractured and
5.30 2 Crushed Rockfragments
5.97 2
6.00 2 Water
6.30 2 1. Dry
6.55 2 2.Damp
7.90 2 3. Wet
8.00 2 4. Seepage Flow
5. < 15 ml/s
6. 10 - 100 ml/s
7. 0.1 - 1 l/s
RQD (%) 100 SPACING (m) 0.00

RMR RATING RMR RATING

Section (0 - 10 )m Jv
J1 Min Sp J1 Max Sp J1 Avg Sp
0.00 0.00 0.00
- - -
J2 Min Sp J2 Max Sp J2 Avg Sp
0.00 0.00 0.00
- - -
J3 Min Sp J3 Max Sp J3 Avg Sp
0.00 0.00 0.00
- - -
J4 Min Sp J4 Max Sp J4 Avg Sp
0.00 0.00 0.00
- - -
Jv Min Jv Max Jv Avg
0.00 0.00 0.00

RQD Min RQD Max RQD Avg

115 115 115

Corrected RQD

100

Joint Frequency
J1 Min Fr J1 Max Fr J1 Avg Fr
0.00 0.00 0.00
J2 Min Fr J1 Max Fr J1 Avg Fr
0.00 0.00 0.00
J3 Min Fr J3 Max Fr J3 Avg Fr
0.00 0.00 0.00
J4 Min Fr J4 Max Fr J4 Avg Fr
0.00 0.00 0.00
 The Rock Mass Rating (RMR) System (BIENIAWSKI 1989)

1. Uniaxial compressive strength of rock material

2. Rock Quality Designation (RQD)
3. Spacing of discontinuities
4. Conditions of discontinuities
5. Groundwater conditions
6. Orientation of discontinuities
SL O9 P IV
A. CLASSIFICATION PARAMETERS AND THEIR RATINGS
Parameter Range of values
Point-load straight
> 10 MPa 4-10 MPa 2 - 4 MPa 1 - 2 MPa
index
Strength of
intact rock Uniaxial
1 material compressive > 250 MPa 100-250 MPa 50-100 MPa 25-50 MPa
strength
Rating 15 12 7 4
(RQD) Scan Line 90 - 100 % 75 - 90 % 50 - 75 % 25 - 50 %
2
Rating 20 17 13 8
Spacing of discontinuities > 2m 0.6 - 2 m 200 - 600 mm 60 - 200 mm
3
Rating 20 15 10 8
Very rough Sickensided or
Slightly rough
surfaces Not Slightly rough Gouge < 5 mm
surfaces
continuous surfaces Separation thick or
Condition of discontinuities No separation
Separation < 1 mm
< 1 mm Highly Separation 1-5
4 Unweathered
Slightly weathered
weathered walls mm
walls
wall rock Continuous

Rating 30 25 20 10
Inflow per 10 m tunnel
length (l/min.) None < 10 10 - 25 25 - 125
(Joint water press)/ (Major
0 < 0.1 0.1 < 0.2 0.2 - 0.5
Ground-water principal s)
5 Completely
General conditions Damp Wet Dripping
dry
Rating 15 10 7 4
B. RATING ADJUSTMENT FOR DISCONTINUITY ORIENTATIONS
Strike and dip orientations Very favourable Favourable Fair Unfavourable

Tunnels & Mines o -2 -5 -10

Ratings Foundations o -2 -7 -15
Slopes o -5 -25 -50
C. ROCK MASS CLASSES DETERMINED FROM TOTAL RATINGS
Rating 100 - 81 80 - 61 60 - 41 40 - 21
Class number I II III IV
Very good
Description Good rock Fair rock Poor rock
rock
D. MEANING OF ROCK CLASSES
Class number I II III IV
 20 yrs for 15 m 10 hrs for 2.5 m
Average stand-up time span
1 yr for 10 m span 1 week for 5 m span
span

Cohesion of rock mass (kPa) > 400 300 - 400 200 - 300 100 - 200
Friction angle of rock mass (°) > 45 35 - 45 25 - 35 15 - 25
E. GUIDELINES FOR CLASSIFICATION OF DISCONTINUITY CONDITIONS

Roughness Very rough Rough Slightly rough Smooth

Rating 6 5 3 1
Discontinuity length (persistence) <1m 1-3m 3 - 10 m 10 - 20 m
Rating 6 4 2 1
Separation (aperture) None < 0.1 mm 0.1 - 1.0 mm 1 - 5 mm
Rating 6 5 4 1
Weathering
Unweather Slightly Moderately Highly
ed weathered weathered weathered
Rating 6 5 3 1
Hard filling < 5 Hard filling > 5 Soft filling < 5
Infilling (gouge) None
mm mm mm
Rating 6 4 2 2
F. EFFECT OF DISCONTINUITY STRIKE AND DIP ORIENTATION IN TUNNELLING
Strike perpendicular to tunnel axis Strike parallel to tunnel axis
Drive with dip - Dip 45 - 90° Drive with dip - Dip 20 - 45° Dip 45 - 90°
Very favourable Favourable Very unfavourable
Drive against dip - Dip 45 - 90° Drive against dip - Dip 20 - 45° Dip 0 - 20° - Irrespective of strike °

Fair Unfavourable Fair

1989) Calculation Of The RMR Value

RMR = exp((RMR Total - 44)/9)

Strength 12
RQD 20
Spacing 10
Condition 23
Grundwater 15
Input Strike Dip Orientation -5
values Values RMR Total 75
For this low range - uniaxial comp.
test is preferred
RMR 31.33

5-25 MPa 1-5 MPa < 1 MPa 12

GSI Value 26.33
2 1 0
< 25 %
3 20
< 60 mm
5 10
Soft gouge > 5 mm thick or
Separation > 5 mm
Continuous 23
0
> 125
> 0.5

Flowing
15
0

Very unfavourable

-12 -5
-25

< 21
75
V II
Good
Very poor rock
Rock

V II
 30 min for 1 m span
1 yr for 10
m span

< 100 300 - 400

< 15 35 - 45

Slickensided
5
0
> 20 m
3
0
> 5 mm
1
0
Decomposed
3
0
Soft filling > 5 mm
3
0

rike parallel to tunnel axis

Dip 20 - 45°
Fair
p 0 - 20° - Irrespective of strike °
Fair
Total - 44)/9)
 SHEAR STRENGTH OF ROCK DISCONTINUTIES
Residual Friction Angle ør 29
Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC) 8
Joint Compressive Strength (JCS) 150 Mpa
Minimum Normal Stress 144.88 Mpa
Unit Weight of Rock 25
Height of the Slope 15

Shear Strength 305.57

Hoek and Brown Shear Strength Prmeters