in land and water.

They get
Agricultural practices induce salt accumulation
get mobilized by irrigation
accumulated in soils through leaching fractions and
via runoff as drainage water to receiving water bodies causing salinization.
The
intrusion in coastal aquifers. pollutant.
Pumping of groundwater induces salinelevels is also a serious water
presence of salts above the threshold
Usually in unirrigated areas, agricultural
activities do not add salts to the of
enviroment but it is cause of redistribution of salts. However, in recharge
On the other hand, irrigated
arid areas can result of salinization of land. in soil profile and also
agricultural practices change the distribution of salts
These salts usually
responsible for salts accumulation which affects crop yield. causes
accumulate for extensive time periods with minimal leaching
groundwater contaminations (Suarez, 1989). Saline aquifers alsO raise water
tables due to excessive irrigation that increase the seepage of saline
seawater into aquifers
groundwater into watercourses. The intrusion of saline
another impor tant
and excessive groundwater extractions for agriculture is High
cause of salinization in coastal areas (Mateo-Sagasta and Burke, 2010). can
Concentrations of naturally occurring salts including selenium and boron Public
harm aqua tic animals and degrade recreational value of watercourse.
a high
drinking water thatLCOntains ahigh amount of dissolved solids reguire
Cost of water treat facilities, reduce the life spans of water-using
household appliances and enforce the development of alternative water
supplies. Biodiversity of aquatic plants and animals, microorganisms and algae,
declines due to increased salinity
Agricultural practices focused exclusively on crop yields at a local scale can
be transformed to practices focused on sustainable production at a global
scale through a better understanding of what soils need beyond specific
constituent amendments to effectively carry out their metabolic processes.
The emergent field of agroecology, treating soil as a living ecological system
rather than a factory in an industrial system, offers new process-oriented
perspectives on food production ]. Programs sensitive to the complex
relationships existing between soil components are already leading to the
inoculation of forests with mycorrhizal fungi (mycoforestry), thereby
enhancing tree health and retarding soil erosion potential. Organic gardeners
have long recognized the importance of mycorrhizal fungi for pest control, as
well as for enhancing crop growth
Agricultural practices that are more efficient can considerably reduce
greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn will reduce the need for fertilizers,
and pulses play an important role in this context. Along with the better
management of fertilizers, including integrated nutrient management, better
timing of fertilization and precision farming: pulses have a very important role
to play in climate change mitigation. The inclusion of pulses in crop rotations
exploits symbiotic microbes to fix nitrogen, which is partly transferred to
subsequent crops, increasing their yields. This considerably reduces green
house emission from agriculture and enhances the residence time of carbon in
the soil. In forage pulses/grass mixtures, nitrogen is transferred from pulse
ograss, increasing pasture production. When included in livestock feed.
bulses' high protein content contributes to increase the food conversion ratio
while decreasing methane emissions from ruminants, thus at the same time
educing greenhouse gas emissions.