SUMMARY

CONTROL VOLUME APPROACH

DR. MUNZER EBAID

MECH. DEPT.

09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 1

 CONTROL VOLUME APPROACH

MASS FLOW RATE

Volume Flow Rate Q  AV

Mass Flow Rate m

  Q  AV

Note: Velocity is constant across the section

(A-A)

09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 2

 CONTROL VOLUME APPROACH
a. Considering the velocity across the section A-A is variable
b. Considering the density is constant across the section A-A
c. Velocity is always normal to cross sectional area

Volume Flow Rate Q  VdA


A

Mass Flow Rate m   VdA   VdA  Q


A A

09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 3

 CONTROL VOLUME APPROACH

In the above Figure, the flow rate is

given as:
m 
  V cos  dA
A

Where the differential area dA is normal

to velocity flow

Q
MEAN VELOCITY V 
A

09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 4

Example (5.3)

09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 5

Example (5.3)

09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 6

CONTROL VOLUME APPROACH
a. System: The mass of a system is constant

b. Control Volume (CV ) : Is defined as a volume in space

c. Control Surface (CS) : is the surface enclosing the control volume.

09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 7

 CONTROL VOLUME APPROACH

Msys (t )  Mcv (t )  M in

Msys (t  t )  Mcv (t  t )  Mout

By definition, the mass of the system is constant

i.e. Mcv (t  t )  Mout  Mcv (t )  Min

Mcv  M in  Mout
dMcv
In the limit, m
 in  m
 out
dt

09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 8

Example 5.4 (P149)
2
 in  7 kg s
m
Area of a tank = 10m  out  5 kg s
m

Find the rate at which the water level in the tank changing?
dMcv
m
 in  m
 out
dt
d
Ah   m in  m out
dt

dh m  in  m
 out 75
   0.0002m s  0.72 m h
dt A 1000  10

09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 9

Example 5.5 (p. 155)

Find the rate of water accumulating in or evacuating from the tank?

d
M cv  m
 in  m
 out
dt
09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 10
09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 11
Example 5.7a (p. 157)

How long will take (t=?) for the water to drop from h0= 2m to hf=0.5 ?

09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 12

dMCV
 m  in   m out
dt cs cs

 m
cs
in 0

dMCV
  m out
dt CS

d dy
 ( AV ) out  AT h  y  dt
0
dt

dh
 ( AV ) out  AT 
dt

dh
 ( A 2gh ) out  AT 
dt

AT 1
dt   h 2
dh
2gAout

09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 13

09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 14
Continuity Equation for flow in a Pipe

dMCV
If the flow is steady, then 0
dt

1  m
i.e. m 2

( AV )1  ( AV ) 2

( AV )1  ( AV ) 2

Q 1  Q 2

09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 15

Example 5.10a (p. 161)

Find09/10/2019
the mass and volume flow
Dr. rate
Munzerat station (4), also V(max) at16(4)?
Ebaid
09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 17
09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 18
Example 5.12 (p. 163)

Find the pressure difference recorded by the pressure gauge?

09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 19
09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 20
 CONTROL VOLUME APPROACH

09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 21

 CONTROL VOLUME APPROACH

Differential form of continuity equation


u    v    w   
x y z t

If the flow is steady, the above equation becomes,


u    v    w   0
x y z

If the flow is incompressible   Constan t , the above equation becomes,

u v w
  0
x y z

09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 22

Example 5.13 (p. 169)

09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 23

 CONTROL VOLUME APPROACH

THE END

09/10/2019 Dr. Munzer Ebaid 24