Time and work

TIME
abrupt (adj): sudden and unexpected, often in an unpleasant way
- Our conversation came to an abrupt end when George burst into the room.
- There was an abrupt change in her attitude towards me when she heard that I was Alan’s girlfriend
anachronism (n): a person, a custom or an idea that seems old-fashioned and does not
belong to the present (sự lạc hậu)
- For some people, marriage is an anachronism from the days when women needed to be protected.
annual (adj) : happening once a year
- We’ve got our annual conference next month.
antique (adj) : old and valueable
- We offer a wide range of antique furniture.
antique (n) : an old object such as a piece of furniture or jewellery that is valuable
because it is rare, beautiful or well made
- Priceless antiques were destroyed in the fire.
chronological (adj) : (of a number of events) arranged in the order in which they
happened (theo thứ tự thời gian)
- The facts should be presented in chronological order.
contemporary (adj) : belonging to the present time
= modern
- Although the play was written hundreds of years agi, it still has a comtemporary feel to it.
contemporary (n) : a person who lives at the same time as sombody else, esp sb who is about the same age
- She and I were comtemporaries at college.
- He was a comtemporary of Freud and may have known him.
- Most of his comtemporaries regarded him as a mere eccentric.
duration (n): the length of time that sth lasts or continues (thời lượng)
- The school was used as a hospital for the duration of the war.
- He planned a stay of two years’ duration.
- The duration of the film is 110 minutes.
elapse (v) : (of time) to pass
= go by
- Many years elapsed before they met again.
- Another hour elapsed and still the wind continued to howl.
era (n) : a period of time of which particular events or stages of development are typical
- They had worked for peace during the long era of conflict.
- We are living in an era in which technology is developing rapidly.
eternal (adj): continuing for ever or for a very long time
- She has earned our eternal gratitude.
expire (v): (of document, an agreement,etc.) to be no longer legally acceptable because
the period of time for which it could be used has ended
- When does your driving licence expire?
- Our lease on the houses expires next month.
frequency (n) : the number of times that sth happens during a period of time (tần suất)
- Dawn was then visiting New York with increasing frequency.
 - Changes in sea temperature will increas the frequency of hurricanes.
instantaneous (adj) : immediate
- Recently developed medical tests can give instantaneous results.
interim (adj) : intended to last for only a short time until sb/sth more permanent is found
(tạm thời)
- An interim government was set up for the period before the country’s first free election.
interval (n): a period between two events or times
- The normal interval between our meeting is six weeks.
interval (n) : a short break between the parts of sth such as a play or concert
- There will be two 20-minute intervals during the opera.
lapse (n) : a period of time passing between two things happening
= interval
- He turned up again after a lapse of two years.
lapse (v) : (of a contract, an agreement,etc.) to no longer be legally recognized because
the period of time that it lasts has come to an end
- She had allowed her membership to lapse.
lifetime (n) : the period of time when sb is alive (quãng đời)
- He achieved a lot in his short lifetime.
long-standing (adj): having existed for a long time
- There’s a long-standing tradition in our family of giving presents on Christmas Eve.
millennium (n) : a period of 1000 years
- People celebrating the millenium filled the streets.
obsolete (adj) : no loger used because of being replaced by sth newer and more effective
- Most computer hardware rapidly becomes absolete.
overdue (adj): not done or happening when expected or when needed; late
- The baby is two weeks overdue.
- This change in attitude is long overdue.
phase (n) : a particular period of time during the development of sth
(giai đoạn, thời kì phát triển)
- She is going though a difficult phase.
- The semester was divided into three parts of study.
postpone (v) : put off
- Our exam has been postponed until next Monday.
prior (adj) : existing or happening before sth else
- The course required no prior knowledge of Spanish.
- She will be unable to attend because of a prior engagement.
promt (adj) : (of an action) done quickly and without delay
- Try to be prompt because we’ll be very short of time.
prompt (v) : to make sb decide to do sth; to cause sth to happen
- The discovery of the bomb prompted an increase in security.
- The thought of her daughter’s wedding day prompted her to lose some weight.
provisional (adj) : for the present time but likely to change
= interim, temporary
- The provisional goverment lasted three months.
punctual (adj) : arriving, doing sth, or happening at the expected, correct time; not late
- Mrs Marsh liked her guests to be punctual.
seasonal (adj) : available only dring a particular period in the year
 - Animals have to find ways of coping with seasonal changes.
- The work was well paid but seasonal.
seasonal (adj) : typical or suitable for the time of year
- We need to find some seasonal music.
simultaneous (adj) : happening or being done at exactly the same time
= concurrent
- There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building.
span (n) : the length of time that sth lasts or is able to continue
= period
- I worked with him over a span of six years.
- The project must be completed within a specific time span.
- Small children have a short attention span.
span (v) : to last for a particular period of time, esp. a long period
- Tennis has a history spanning several centuries.
- Her acting career spanned almost six decades.
spell (n) : a period of time for which an activity or condition lasts continuously
(esp. a short period)
- She had a brief spell as captain of the team.
- I had a two-week spell in hospital.
stint (n): a period of time spent doing sth
= spell
- He came to California after a brief stint as a waiter in NY.
- He did a stint abroad early in his career.
subsequent (adj) : happening after sth else
= following
- In subsequent interviews, Steele has contradicted his original story.
- Those explosions must have been subsequent to our departure, because we didn’t hear anything.
timely (adj) : happening at the most suitable time (kịp thời)
- Thanks to the UN’s timely intervention, a crisis was avoided.
vintage (adj) : vintage wine is excellent in quality and was made several years ago.
- Let’s get some vintage champagne!

WORK
client (n) : sb who pays for or uses the services of a professional person such as a doctor or lawyer
- She is a well-known lawyer with many famous clients.
colleague (n): sb who works in the same organisation or department as you
- I don’t know anything about this, but I’m sure my colleague here can help you.
consultant (n) : a person who know a lot about a particular subject and is employed to give advice about it to other
people
- He was happy to act as a consultant to the company.
effective (adj) : producing the result that is wanted or intended; producing a sucessful result
- Aspirin is a simple but highly effective treatment.
efficient (adj) : doing sth in a good, careful and complete way with no waste of time, money or energy
- The new machine is far mre efficient than the old one.
executive (n) : a person who has an important job as a manager of a company or organisation
- We’ve arranged ameeting with some of the company’s executives.
fire (v) : to make sb leave their job, sometimes as a punishment
- She was fired for refusing to comply with safety regulations.
headhunt (v) : to find sb who is suitable for a senior job and persuade them to leave their present job
- He was headhunted by a large electronics company.
leave (n) : a period of time when you are allowed to be away from work for a holiday or for a special reason
(sự nghỉ phép)
- Tom, who had been granted leave, was home for several weeks.
multinational (adj) : existing in or involving many countries
- My uncle works for a large multinational corporation.
multinational (n) : a company that operates in several different countries, esp. a large powerful company
- The country’s industry is largely controlled by the multinationals.
private sector (n phr) : all the businesses, industries and services that are not owned or managed by the government
- There is less job security in the private sector.
promotion (n) : a move to a higher level in a company, institution or sport
- We try to fill our executive positions by promotion from within.
promotion (n) : the activity of encouraging and supporting sth
- The campaign is connectied with the promotion of health.
promotion (n) : the process of attracting people’s attention to a prodict or event, for example by
advertising
- The government is planning to introduce a ban on the promotion of tobacco products.
prospects (n pl) : the chances of being successful (triển vọng)
- Long-term prospects for the economy have improved.
- The prospects for employment in the technology sector are especially good right now.
public sector (n phr) : the industries and services , for example schools or hospitals, that are supported by tax
money and controlled by the government of a country
- Most doctors work in the public sector.
recruit (n) : a person who has recently joined the armed forces or the police
- She is responsible for training new recruits.
recruit (v) : to find new people to join a company, an organization, the armed forces, etc.
- We are trying to recruit officers from more diverse backgrounds.
recuit (v) : to persuade sb to do sth, esp. to help you
- The club has recruited volunteer to help.
redundant (adj): having lost your job because your employer no longer needs you
- To keep the company alive, half the workforce is being made redundant.
- Five thousand miners were made redundant when the tin market collapsed.
sack (v) : to tell sb they can no longer work at their job
- He was sacked after repeatedly arriving late at work.
strike (n) : a period of time during which people refuse to work, as a protest about pay or
conditions of work
- The train drivers have voted to take strike action.
strike (v) : to refuse to work for a period of time as a protest about your pay and conditions of
work
- Pilots were striking for a 6% salary increase.
union (n) : an organizatio of workers, usually in a particular industry, that exists to protect their
interests, impove conditions of work, etc.
- We encourage all empoyees to join a union.
Phrasal verbs
crop up : to happen or appear unexpectedly
- Her name keeps cropping up in conversation.
- I’ll be late – something has cropped up at home.
dive in/into : start doing sth suddenly and energectically, often without stopping to think
- When he saw the children fighting, he jucst dived in to sort it out.
- When I start a new project, ilike to dive right in and see how it works.
end up : to be finally in a particular place or situation at the end of a process or period of time
- They’re travelling across Europe by train anf are planning to end up in Moscow.
- I ended up doing all the work myself.
kick off (with) : to begin
- Indonesia’s perliamentary election campaign kicked off at the weekend.
- That era was when advertising really kicked off as an industry.
knock off : to stop working or doing sth
- The carpenter knocked off early to take his kid to baseball practice.
- What time do you knock off work?
knuckle down (to) : to start working or studying hard
= get down to (V_ing)
- You are going to have to really knuckle down to your work if you want to pass your final exam.
- I’m going to have to knuckle down to sme serious study.
lay off
(1) to stop employing sb, esp temporarily, because there is not enough work for them to do
= make sb redundant
- She was laid off along with many others when the company moved to California.
(2) to stop using sth, esp. for a short period of time
- I think you’d better lay off fatty foods for a while.
lie ahead : to be in the future
- You graduate today, and an exciting future lies ahead of you.
- We don’t know what lies ahead.
make up : to do sth at a different time because you cannot do it at the expected time
- She left work early and made up the time by staying late the next day.
press ahead/on (with) : to start or continue doing sth in a determined way, although it is difficult
- Most of the delegates said they wanted to press ahead with the talks.
- The company is pressing ahead with its plans for a new warehouse.
set out : to start doing or working on sth in order to achieve an aim
- She set out with the aim of becoming the youngest ever winner of the championship.
- They set out to discover a cure for cancer.
snowed under (with) : having too much to do
- I’d love to come but I’m completely snowed under at the moment.
take on : start to employ sb
- She was taken on as a trainee.
tide over : to help sb during a difficult period by providing what they need
- Can you lend me some money to tide me over until I get paid?
while away : to spend time in a relaxed way when you have nothing else to do
- We whiled away the time reading and playing the cards.
wind down : to gradually relax after doing sth that has made you tired or worried
 - When he goes on holiday, it takes him the first couple of day just to wind down.

Phrases, patterns and collocations

partly/mainly/all about : một phần/chủ yếu/toàn bộ về cái gì
be/act your age : to behave in a way suitable for sb as old as you are
- Stop being silly and act your age!
- Isn’t it time you started acting your age?
(at/by/from) the age of : ở/vào/từ độ tuổi
(be) under age : not legally old enough to do a particular thing
- It is illegal to sell cigarettes to children who are under age.
school age : the age or period when a child normally attends school
- school-age student
age limit : the oldest or youngest age at which you are allowed to do st
- The lower age limit for buying cigarettes in the UK is 16.
age group/bracket : people of a similar age, considered as a group
- 51% of enquiries were from those in the 20 to 40 age group.
- education for the 16-18 age bracket.
run its course : to develop or finish naturally
- The doctor’s advice is to let the fever run its course.
- I had to accept that the realtionship had run its course.
in/over the course of : during
- In the course of the interview it became clear that he was not the right person for the job.
- The company faces major challenges over the course of th next few years.
- He has seen many changes in the course of his long life.
in due course : at a suitable time in the future
- You will receive notification of the results in due course.
- Your request will be deal with in due course.
(be) on a collision course (with sb/sth) : having very different aims or opinions and therefore likely to strongly
disagree or fight
- I was on a collision course with my boss over the sales figures.
course of actions/ events : a way of acting in or dealing with a particular situation (đường lối, kế hoạch)
- What would be an appropriate course of action in such a situation?
- What course of action do you recommend?
make sb’s day : to make sb happy
- Seeing Adrian after such a long time really made my day.
day by day : gradually over many days
- Day by day his condition improved.
from day to day : with no thoughts or plans for the future
- They live from day to day, looking after their sick daughter.
in those days : in the past
- In those days people used to write a lot more letters.
any day/time now : very soon, esp. within the next few days
- We expect more info on this any time now.
- They should be moving house any day now.
in this day and age : at the present time, in the modern world
- You can’t afford to run businesses inefficiently in this day and age.
- Slavery continues to exist, even in this day and age
 - Why gress so formally in this day and age?
(book/have/take) a day off : a day when you do not work
- The change in rules meant they would be unable to take a day off if their children were ill.
- I usually catch up with housework on my day off.
come to an end : to stop or end, or finish
- I’m enjoying my English class, but it’s about to come to an end.
- When the war finally came to an end, Europe was in ruins.
bring st to an end : to make st finish or to stop st
- Having agrred upon the matter of payment, he brought the interview to an end.
put an end to : to make st stop happening or existing
- How can we put an end to the fighting?
first/only/etc sth ever (to) : never having happened or been expected before
- Yesterday, the company announced its first ever fall in profits.
bigger/better/etc than ever : better, bigger, etc. than at any time before
- We are spending more than ever on education.
- Cosumers today have more choices than ever before.
keep regular/late hours : to perform the same activities every day at regular/late times, esp. going to bed and
getting out of bed
at all hours : repeatedly during the day and the night
- They keep calling me at all hours ( of the day and night)
out of hours : if you drink in a abr out of hours, you drink alcohol at a time when it is not allowed by law
- The police are trying to stop out-of-hours drinking.
make/do a good/bad job of : to do sth well/badly
- I’m not going to let him repair my bike again because he made a really bad job of it last time.
- The dry cleaner;s did a good job of removing that oil stain from my shirt.
make the best of a bad job : to accept a bad situation and deal with it in the best way that you can
- They are not going to change their mindsm wo we’ve got to make the best of a bad job.
out of a job : without a job
= unemployed, out of work
- How long have you been out of a job?
on the job : if you do sth on the job, you do It while at work
- He keeps falling asleep on the job.
- The company provides on-the-job training.

the moment of truth : occasion when sth important happens that tests sb/st and that will have an effect on the
future (thời điểm quyết định)
- Liff-off is always the moment of truth for a new rocket.
never-ending : seeming to last forever
= endless, eternal
- Writing a dictionary is a never-ending task.
from now on/ as from now : from this moment and always in the future
- From now on the gates will be locked at midnight.
every now and again/then : sometimes but not often
- Every now and then they will have a beer together.
take (up) office : to start an official job
- The minister took up office in December.
run for office : to campaign to be eclected to an office
 - She is considering running for office.
head office : the most important office of an organization or company, or the people working
there
- Paul was transferred to our head office in Chicago.
public office : a job in the government that you have because you were chosen or elected
- People of their religion are barred from holding public office.
office holder : a person who holds a position of authority and responsibility in a government or other organization
- The new office-holder was briefed on his responsibilities.
office hours : the time when people in offices are normally working
- Our telephone lines are open during normal office hours.
office party : a party, usully just before Christmas, for the people who work in a particular office or company
- The office party was held at a local bar called Lucky’s
on time : at the arranged time or correct time; not late
- The train arrived right on time.
on and on : continuing for a long time
- She went on and on about her trip.
- The noise just went on and on.
on end : continuously
- She practices the violin for hours on end.
You’re on : used as a way to epressing agreesment to st happening
give/take sb a second to do : to give sb a little time to do st
(for) a split second : a very short moment of time
- They brought out guns and for a aplit second nobody moved.
- We had to make a split-second decision.
get off to a good/bad/flying/etc. start (with) : to begin an activity successfully
- I didn’t get off to a very good start this morning – I’d been at work five minutes and my computer stopped working.
- The event got off to a shaky/poor start with the stage lights failing in the first few minutes.
make a start (on/at) : to begin doing sth
- I’ll make a start on the washing-up.
- We need to make a start on preparing the brochure next week.
(right) from the start : immediately when st begins and all the time after that
- I hated her right from the start.
for a start : first, or as the first in a set of things
- We’ll take names and phone numbers for a start, then later on we can get more details.
- I’m not working there – for a start, it’s too far to travel.
get started : to begin doing st
- It is nearly ten o’clock. Let’s get started.
fixed-term : lasting only for a fixed period of time
- He is employed under a fixed-term contract.
pass the time : to do st to keep busy while waiting
= while away
- We passed the time in the airport playing cards
- They watched videos to pass the time ( to while away)
make time (for) : to make certain you have some time when you are not busy in order to do st you think you should
do (dành thời gian)
- It is important to make time to read to your children.
- In a realtionship you have to make time for each other.
 - He is finding dificult to make time for his children.
find (the) time (to do) : to have enough time to do st
- I wish I could find the time to do more reading.
- I should be able to find time to do it tomorrow.
take the time (to do) : to spend the time to do st for another person
- Receiving letters meant that someone had taken the time to write to you.
- Thank you for taking the time to participate.
in time (for st/to do st) : not late; with enough time to be able to do st
- The ambulance get there just in time.
time after time : often; on many or all occasions
- You will get a perfect result time after time if you follow these instruction.
time frame : the length of time that is used or available for st (khung thời gian)
- We expect to complete the project within a fairly short time frame.
- Have you set a time frame for completing the job?
work like magic/a charm : to be very offective, possibly in a surprising way
- Flattery usually works like magic on him.
- Those pills you gave me worked like a charm.
work wonders : to cause improvements or have a very good effect
- Her new diet and exercise programme has worked wonders for her
work your way (through st) : to do st from the beginning to end, esp. when it takes a lot of time and effort
- She worked her way through the pile of documents.
work your way up : to achieve a better position within the organization you work for
- She quickly worked her way up to vice president.
years of age : used for talking about sb’s age
- How can a child of only twelve years of age be expetcted to know?
year on year : used to compare financial results with those of the same period in the previous year
- Spending has increased year on year.
leap year : one year in every for years when Februrary has 29 days in stead of 28

idioms
a stitch in time ( saves nine ) : used for saying that it is better to solve a problem now, rather than leave it until later
when it may be more difficult to deal with
- You should consider getting your car repaired now before you’re left stranded on the side of the road – a stitch in time saves
nine.
- I know it’s a month away, but I already started preparing for the big dinner party. A stitch in time, you know.
all in good time : used to tell sb to be patient because the thing they are eager for will happen when the time is \
right
- Be patient, you’ll hear the result all in good time.
- I know you wish you house had sold already, but all in good time.
at the drop of a hat : immediately, without hesitating
- The company can’t expect me to move my home and family at the drop of a hat.
- People will file lawsuits at the drop of a hat these days.
before your time : happening before you were born or before you lived, worked, etc. somewhere
- I don’t remember the Beatles, they were before my time.
for good : permanently
- I’d like an excuse to get rid of him for good and all.
 - She says she’s leaving him for good.
for the time being : for a limited time; for a short time
- You can leave you suitcase here for the time being.
from time to time : sometimes, but not often
- She has to work at weekends from time to time.
in/for donkey’s years : for a very long time
- She has been in the same job for donkey’s years.
- We’ve known each other for donkey’s years.
in the nick of time : just in time to prevent st bad happening
- We got there just in the nick of time.
- The swimmers were rescued in the nick of time.
once in a blue moon : very rarely
- My sister lives in Alaska, so I only see her once in a blue moon.
- Once in a blue moon, there is an issue I can’t solve.
on the spur of the moment : used to say they a decision, action, etc. is sudden and done without
any planing (quyết định tức thời, bốc đồng)
- We just jumped in a car on the spur of the moment and drove to the seaside.
the other day : recently
- I saw him the other day.

Word formation
antiquity (n) : the ancient past
- The statue was brought to Rome in antiquity.
antiquated (adj) : (of things or ideas) old-fashioned and no longer suitable for modern conditions
= out-of-date, obsolete
- It will take many years to modernize these antiquated industries.
reapply (v) : to official ask again for st, for exmaple for yourself to be considered for a job, esp.
by writing or sending in a form
- Mr Gubbay said yesterday that he will not be reapplying for the job.
misapply (v) : to use st for the wrong purpose or in the wrong way
- It will be impossible to recover all the misapplied charity money.
- The company admitted that their system of penalties had been misapplied.
(in)applicability : the fact of being true or useful in a particular case or situation
- The new approach had wide applicability to all sorts of different problems.
(in)applicable : affecting or relating to a person or thing (có thể áp dụng được)
- This part of the law is only applicable to companies employing more than five people.
- The new qualifications are applicable to all European countries.
(mis)appiled : (of a subject of study) used in a practical way; not theoretical
- pure and applied mathematics/science
(un)employment : the fact of sb being paid to work for a company or organization
- employment leavels are unlikely to rise significantly before the end of next year.
- Are you in employment (to have a job) at the moment?
underemployent (n) : a situation in which sb or st is not used as much as they should be
- Underemployment of skills is one of the biggest concerns among recent graduates.
underemployed (adj) : not having enough work to do, or having a job that does not use all your skills
(un)employable : having enough skills and abilities for sb to employ you
 - Computer skills make you far more employable.
eventuality (n) : st unplesant or unexpected that might happen or exist in the future
- We’ve tried to anticipte the most likely problems, but it’s impossible to be prepared for all eventualities.
- I’m looking for a travel insurance policy that will cover me for any eventuality.
(un)eventful : full of interesting or important events
- Her time at college was the most eventful period of her life.
- We had quite an eventful journey.
eventual (adj) : happening or existing at a later time or at the end, esp. after a lot of effort,
problems, etc.
- Although the original budget for the project was $1 billion, the eventual cost is likely to be 50% higher.
eventually (adv) : in the end, esp. after a long time or a lot of effort, problems, etc.
- Although she had been ill for a long time, it came as a shock when she eventually died.
expectation (n) : a feeling of good things are going to happen in the future
- The holiday lived up to all our expectations.
- I have high expectations for this job.
expectancy (n) : the feeling that st exciting or pleasant is going to happen
- There was a general air of expectancy in the crowd.
expectant (adj) : thinking that st pleasant or exciting is going to happen
- children with expectant faces waiting for the fireworks to begin
expectantly (adv : in a way that shows you are hoping for st, esp. st good or exciting
- She looked at him expectantly.
incidence (n) : an event, or the rate at which st happens
- There have been quite a few incidences of bullying in th school this year.
- an area with a high incidence of crime
coincidence (n) : an occasion when two or more similar things happen at the same time, esp. in a way that is unlikely
and surprising
- you chose exactly the same wallpaper as us – what a coincidence!
- Is it just a coincidence that the wife of the man who ran the competition won first prize?
coincidental (adj) : happening by chance; not planned
= unintentional
- I suppose you presence here today is not entirely coincidental.
coincidentally (adv) : because of chance or luck
- The highest scores, coincidentally, were all women.
- He met a student in toronto who, coincidentally, came from his home state of Kerala.
incidental (adj) : less important than the thing st is connected with or part of
- The points you make are true, but they’re incidental to the main problem.
- Try not to be distracted by incidental details.
incidentally (adv) : used to introduce a new topic, or some extra information, or a question that you have just
thought of
= by the way
- We had a marvellous meal at that restaurant you recommended – incidentally, I must give you the number of a similar one I
know.
- Incidentally, have you heard the news about Sue?
outlast (v) : to live or exist, or to saty energetic and determined, longer than another person or thing
= outlive, survive
- The empress outlasted all her children.
lasting (adj) : continuing to exist for a long time or for ever
 - Few observers believe that the treaty will bring a lasting peace to the region.
everlasting (adj) : lasting forever or for a long time
- I wish someone could invent an everlasting light bulb.
- Their contributions to science have earned them an everlasting place in history.
lastly (adv) : used to show when st comes after all the others things in a list
= finally
- In accepting this award, I would like to thank the producer, the dirctor, the scriptwriter, and, lastly, the film crew.
mismanage (v) : to organize or control st badly
- The restaurant was hopelessly mismanaged by a former rock musician with no business experience.
manageress (n) : a female manager
(un)manageable (adj) : easy or possible to deal with
- The work has been divided into smaller, more manageable sections.
- The targets for increased productivity are described as “ tough but manageable”.
managerial (adj) : connected with the work of a manager
- Does she have any managerial experience?
momentous (adj) : very important because of effects on future events
- Whether or not to move overseas was a momentous decision for the family.
momentary (adj) : lasting for a very short time
= brief
- The accident was the result of a momentary laspe of concentration.
- The annoucement caused momentary confusion among the passengers.
momentarily (adv) : for a very short time
= briefly
- She was momentarily blinded the light.
periodical (n) : a magazine or newspaper, esp. on a serious subject, that is published regularly
- She has written for several leagal periodicals.
periodic (adj) : happening repeatedly over a period of time
- He suffers periodic mental breakdowns.
periodically (adv) : in a way that is repeatedly after a particular period of time
- The equipment should be tested periodically.
mistime (v) : to do sth at the wrong moment with the result that it is unsuccessful or has an unwanted effect
- She mistimed her swing anf the ball went into the net.
timely (adj) : happening at the best possible moment
(un)productive (adj) : resulting in or providing a large amount or supply st
- In order to turn the deserts into fertile and productive land, engineers built an 800-mile canla.
counterproductive (adj) : having the effect that is opposite to the one intended or wanted
- Improved safety measures in acrs can be counterproductive as they encourage people to drive faster.
rework (v) : to change a speech or a piece of writing in order to improve it or make it more suitable for a particular
purpose
- She reworked her speech for a younger audience.
overwork (v) : to (cause sb to) work to much
- You looked exhausted – I hope thye’re not overworking you.
(un)workable (adj) : that can be used successfully and effectively
= practical
- I’m sure we can come to some workable arrangement.
New words
counteract (v) : to reduce or remove the effect of sth unwanted by producing an opposite effect
- Drinking a lot of water counteracts the dehydrating effect of hot water.
- These exercises aim to counteract the effects of stress and tension.
counterattack (v) : to attack an enemy in order to stop or oppose their attack on you
- The air force counterattacked and repelled the invasion.
counterbalance (v) : to have an equal but opposite effect to st else
- Parents’ natural desire to protect their children should be counterbalanced ny the child’s need for independence.
- The ugliness of the resort is counterbalanced by th excellent of the skiiing.
counterculture (n) : a way of life and set of ideas that are opposed to those accpeted by most of society
(phản văn hóa)
counterintelligence (n) : secret action taken by a country to prevent another country from discovering its military,
industrial, or political secrets, esp by giving them false information
countermeasure (n) : an action taken against an unwnated action or situation
- The Chancellor’s countermeasures agianst inflaion have been comletely ineffective.
counteroffensive (n) : a set of attacks that defend against enemy attacks
counterpart (n) : a person or thing that has the same purpose as another one in a different place or organisation
- The prime minister is to meet his European counterparts to discuss the war against drugs.