Eco-guilt

4A
Reading p.34
eco-guilt (noun) : The feeling you get when you could have
done something for the environment, but consciously made
the decision not to.
example: Maria could have recycled that plastic bottle, but
instead she throw it into the regular trash bin; she was soon
feeling eco-guilt for her laziness.
to commit (verb) : do something that is considered wrong,
or that is illegal
example: He was sent to prison for a crime that he didn't
commit.
sin (noun): something that you should not do because it is
morally wrong
example: She had committed a sin and was ashamed to
confess it.
straight (adjective): directly and immediately
example: We decided to go straight home.
run (verb): If liquid runs somewhere, it flows.
example: Tears ran down her face.
reusable (adjective) : capable of being used again
example: These containers are reusable.
recyclable (adjective): reusable
plastic bags:
convenient (adjective) :easy to do, easy to use, suitable
example: If it’s convenient, call me tomorrow before
noon.
running water :

container (noun): an object such as a box or a bottle

that is used for holding something
example: They package all their goods in recycled glass
containers.
pollute (verb): make water, air, soil, etc dirty or harmful
example: We need a fuel that won't pollute the
environment.
The villagers drank from wells polluted with toxic
chemicals.
recycle (verb) : change waste materials such as
newspapers and bottles so that they can be used again
example: Japan recycles 40% of its waste.
recycled paper/glass
 Look at the picture on p.35.
What do you see?

electric car solar panels

wind cowl

snow cannon
 p.35 text
generate
wind electricity :
turbines produce
electricity
fine (noun): an amount
of money that you must
pay for breaking a law or
cut down (phrasal verb): rule
reduce example: a parking fine
example: This new low-cost
system should cut down (adjective):
the time spent in cheap
meetings
run out (phrasal verb): If a supply of something runs
out, all of it has been used or it is completely
finished.
example: The milk has run out.
desalination (noun) : the process of removing salt
from sea water
desalination plant = desalination factory
heatwave (noun) : a period of time such as a few
weeks when the weather is much hotter than usual
occurrence (noun): something that happens; event
example: Street-fights are an everyday occurrence in
this area of the city.
 Future Perfect
will have + past participle (3rd form of the verb) :
I will have finished.
She will have finished.
We use the future perfect to say that something will
be finished by a particular time in the future.
We often use it with BY and IN :
by Saturday, by March ( = at the latest)
in six months (= period of time)
example: I will have finished the report by next
Thursday.

now I will have

finished.
 Positive, negative, question
I will have arrived.
I won’t have arrived.
Will you have arrived ?
1. I ……….. by six. (leave)
2. ……………. (you, finish) the report by the deadline?
3. When ……….. (we,do) everything ?
4. She ……….. (finish) her exams by then.
5. You ……….. (read) the book by Monday.
6. She ……….. (not/ finish) work by seven.
7. When ……….. (you, complete) the work ?
8. They ………. (arrive) by dinner time.
9. We ………. (be) in London for three years next week.
10. ………. (she, got) home by lunch time?
 Future continuous
will be + verb + ing:
I will be thinking.
She will be thinking.
We use the future continuous to say that an action will
be in progress at a certain time in the future.
We sometimes use it like the present continuous: to talk
about things which are already planned:
I will be going to the cinema later. Do you want to come?
example: This time tomorrow we will be sitting on the
beach.

now we will be sitting on the beach

 Positive, negative, question
We will be sitting.
We won’t be sitting.
Will you be sitting?
1. John …….. (use) his computer when the boss comes.
2. …….. (you, work) hard this time tomorrow?
3. Why …….. (he, study) between 6.00 and 8.oo ?
4. At 3.oo tomorrow, I …….. (work) in my office.
5. …….. (he, wait) for the train at 5.oo tomorrow?
6. I …….. (sleep) this time tomorrow.
7. She …….. (not/study) in the library at 6.00 tomorrow.
8. …….. (she/exercise ) at the gym this time tomorrow?
9. She …….. (not/shop) this time tomorrow.
10. They …….. (meet) their parents at 6.oo tomorrow.
p.36 Reading
observe (verb) : notice, see
example: Did you observe anything unusual about his
appearance ?
in haste : in a hurry, too quickly and without planning
example: It is very important that decisions are not
taken in haste.
survey (noun) : a set of questions that you ask a large
number of people
example: This survey shows the percentage of single-
parent households in each area
weather forecast : a report on likely weather
conditions for a period of time
temperatures soared : temperatures increased
threat (noun): danger
example : Three main line railway stations were closed
because of bomb threats.
earnestly (adverb) : in a serious and determined way
example: She nodded earnestly and took notes.
rule (verb) : make an official legal decision
example : Romania’s Supreme Court ruled that the
strike was illegal.
warm spell: a short period of time of warm weather
in October and November
example: After a recent warm spell, many people were
caught off guard by the cold and snow.
the heat: wave of hot weather
heatwave (noun) : a period of time such as a few
weeks when the weather is much hotter than usual
overcome (verb) : deal with something
example: overcome a difficulty/problem
reserve (noun) : not showing your feelings or
thoughts
example: I took her out for a drink and tried to break
through her reserve.
intrinsically (adverb) : in a way that is an extremely
important and basic characteristic of a person or thing
example: The college and the community are
intrinsically linked.