Who?

:
Stephen Hawking
Presentation by Andrew Cuong Period 3
 What?:
➢ One of his most significant accomplishments was the discovery of
radiation(dubbed “Hawking radiation) emitted by black holes
➢ He and the British scientist, Roger Penrose, theorized space singularities
○ A one dimensional point in space with infinite mass and density
➢ Published the book “A Brief History of Time”
○ Sold millions of copies and explained to the public the concepts of celestial
bodies & phenomenon
➢ Contributed to Alan Guth’s theory of Cosmic Inflation
○ The expansion of the universe after the Big Bang
➢ Theorized that before the universe time never existed

Black hole bending space into a singularity

 When?: 1974
1974 Hawking concludes the 2013
He was elected as a Fellow emission of radiation from Stephen Hawking was
of the Royal Society black holes. This significant awarded the Fundamental
January 8, 1942 because his work was discovery leads to the Physics Prize, also known as
Stephen Hawking was born recognized worldwide. identification, observation the Breakthrough Prize, for
in Oxford, England.
and study of black holes. his research in black holes.

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

1970 1988 2018

Based off of Einstein and Hawking publishes his Stephen Hawking dies due
Roger Penrose’s work of scientific book “A Brief to his complications with
singularity, Hawking History of Time.” It explained ALS(amyotrophic lateral
proved that singularities the concepts of physics, such sclerosis)
were caused by gravity. as space, time, black holes,
planets, stars and gravity to
the average reader.
Stephen Hawking was
Where?: Hawking studied at the University of
born in Oxford, England
Oxford and pursued a PhD at the
on January 8, 1942
University of Cambridge. Both
schools are located in England.

University of Oxford He became a professor at the

University of Cambridge and was later
Oxford, England
appointed Cambridge's Lucasian
professorship of mathematics. That is
where he did most of his research.

University of Cambridge
 How?:
Stephen Hawking’s discovery of radiation emission from
black holes was influenced by his visit to Moscow, Russia in
1973. There he was introduced to a the theory by Yakov
Zel’dovich and Alexei Starobinsky that rotating black holes
create and emit particles. Another physicist, Vladimir Gribov,
believed that non-rotating black holes would still emit
particles. Hawking was convinced by these theories and
started to form calculations. To his surprise, his calculations
proved that the theories were right and black holes did emit
radiation. This radiation was dubbed as “Hawking radiation.”
 Why?:
The contributions of Stephen Hawking is
important because it give us a better
understanding of the physical nature of the
universe. Hawking was not able to observe a black
hole, but he was able to delineate the properties of
black holes by forming calculations. His most
important finding was that black holes spewed
radiation. Which proved that black holes are
identifiable with special instruments. Today,
scientist are now better equipped to observe and
study the mechanics of a black hole. In 2019, the
first ever photo of a black hole was taken by 300
international scientists. His findings may not have
impacted our lives, but it increased our general
knowledge and understanding of the universe and
our place in it.
The First Image of a Black Hole
¡EL FIN!