Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Filter Design
with EM Simulation
Daniel G. Swanson, Jr.
DGS Associates, LLC
Boulder, CO
dan@dgsboulder.com
www.dgsboulder.com
Agenda
Part 1: High Q Cavity Combline Filter Design
Part 2: Microstrip Combline Filter Design
In both cases the design flow is the same.
If you can define a resonator and a coupling
mechanism between resonators, this simple
procedure works for all lumped and distributed
filters.
Combline Triplexer
www.orionmicrowave.com
www.dgsboulder.com
www.allenavionics.com
Metal
Disk
www.gwtsoft.com/Misc/Hagensen3.pdf
www.gwtsoft.com/Misc/Hagensen3.pdf
Intuitive Microwave Filter Design 9
Combline Filter Asymmetry or “Skewing”
80 MHz
160 MHz
30 25 6
N 5.33
20 log10 (2 2 1)
2
Outer: 35 x 35 mm
Inner: 10 mm dia
Height: Don’t care
6 mm
20 mm
10 mm
12 mm
35 mm
Td 10 IL / 20
Qu
2 (10 IL / 20 1)
where IL insertion loss in dB
5659
N
4.343 g i f 0
4.343 8.4011 3.44
Loss ( f 0 ) i 1
0.28 dB
f Qu 0.08 5659
BW 0.023
K1, 2 0.0194
g1 g 2 0.9958 1.4131
BW 0.023
K 2,3 0.0141 Note:
g 2 g3 1.4131 1.8950 Resonator impedance
BW 0.023 is not a variable.
K 3, 4 0.0134
g3 g 4 1.8950 1.5505
g 0 g1 1.0 0.9958
Qex 43.3
BW 0.023
Intuitive Microwave Filter Design 23
A Very Useful Spreadsheet
We want to force
synchronous tuning.
At resonance:
mag (im(Y (1,1))) 0
mag (im(Y (2,2))) 0
-30 dB min
f 2 f1
Coupling Coefficient 0.0279
f0
Coupling Bandwidth f 2 f1 96 MHz
0.020
Coupling Coefficient
+3.0%
0.015
+3.1%
0.010
+3.3% How significant is 3%?
0.005
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
0.03 +115.8%
+20.8%
+22.8%
0.02 +129.7%
+25.8%
+31.3%
0.01 We can achieve at least
+/- 20% tuning around a
nominal 5 mm deep screw.
0
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
2nd order
2 mm wall
polynomial
6 mm screw
coefficients
5 mm deep
2nd order
5 mm wall
polynomial
6 mm screw
coefficients
5 mm deep
Iris Thickness = 5 mm
0.025 Iris Thickness = 2 mm
Coupling Coefficient
0.020
0.015
0.010
0
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Tap_Height = 5 mm
2 f (GHz) t d (nS)
Qex
4
3.1416 3.44 8.054
2
43.5
F(x) = a + bx + cx2
y
+y metal pattern
misalignment
x
1 2 3 4 5 Resonators 1, 3, 5
get longer
Resonators 2 & 4
get shorter
The filter is badly
mistuned
Metalized slot
N = 5 Microstrip Combline
Center Frequency: 2.44 GHz
Bandwidth: 244 MHz (10%)
Insertion Loss: < 2 dB
Return Loss: 20 dB (.044 dB ripple)
50mil by 435mil
(1.27mm by 11.05mm)
150 mil
25 mil
600 mil
Vertical via metal
230
H = 25
H = 20 W=50, H=25
250 H = 15
Unloaded Q
W=40, H=20
200 W=25, H=25
W=30, H=15
W=20, H=20
150
W=15, H=15
100
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Width / Height
N
4.343 g i f 0
4.343 6.4989 2.44
Loss ( f 0 ) i 1
1.23 dB
f Qu 0.244 230
BW 0.1
K1, 2 0.08653
g1 g 2 0.9732 1.3723
BW 0.1
K 2,3 0.06357
g 2 g3 1.8032 1.3723
g 0 g1 1.0 0.9732
Qex 9.732
BW 0.1
Note: Resonator impedance is not a variable.
Intuitive Microwave Filter Design 73
A Very Useful Spreadsheet
EMSight
AWRDE V11
150 mil
25 mil
600 mil
Vertical via metal
Loosely couple
with transformers.
We want to force
synchronous tuning.
At resonance:
mag (im(Y (1,1))) 0
mag (im(Y (2,2))) 0
-30 dB min
f 2 f1
Coupling Coefficient 0.0607
f0
Coupling Bandwidth f 2 f1 148 MHz
150 mil
Spacing 0.1137 1.2903 K 3.9600 K 2
25 mil
600 mil
Tap_Height = 93 mils
2 f (GHz) t d (nS)
Qex
4
3.1416 2.44 2.605
Qex 9.98
2
150 mil
4
Tap Height 0.2012 0.0158 Delay 4.498 10 Delay 2
25 mil
600 mil
S1 = 31 mils
S2 = 47 mils
L1 = 442 mils
L2 = 437 mils
100 mil
25 mil
600 mil
Internal nodes
External port
Tuning element
Low error
Very effective for
frequency tuning
Limited to lumped
elements by the
transformer
How do we tune
couplings?
M ij K ij Li L j
Coupled Li 0
inductor array
1 K ij 1
Mutual couplings
tune EM circuit
couplings
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X X X X X
X EM simulation frequencies
Sonnet em Simulation
(loss and metal thickness)
www.thinfilm.com