Artificial intelligence

in law
Subject --------legal research methods and legal
writing Paper code LA2101
• A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY,
JAIPUR
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT
PRESCRIBED FOR THE LL.M. 1st SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2022-23
• (BRANCH: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
• BY:
• NAME: Atipriya Singh
• ROLL NUMBER: 06
• UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
• ASSO.PROF. Mrs. SWATI CHHAJLANI
Place Jaipur,
Rajasthan ASSO.PROF.
Mrs. SWATI CHHANJLANI
Date: /01/23 (Supervisor)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE...............................................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.................................................................................................................
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................
IMPORTANCE OF THE CONCEPT ............................................................................................
INDIAN SCENARIO .....................................................................................................................
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................
INDIAN JUDICIARY ....................................................................................................................
Role of Judiciary .........................................................................................................................
Judicial freedom led by Supreme Court…………………………………………………..
• STEPS TAKEN TO ENSURE JUDICIAL FREEDOM ..............................................................
• COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF US AND INDIA...................................................................
• Salient Features............................................................................................................. ............
• Nature of the Constitution................................................................................................... ......
• Doctrine of Separation of Powers and the System of Checks and Balances.............................
• Impeachment of the President................................................................................................. ..
• Fundamental Rights........................................................................................................... ........
• Distribution of Legislative Power ........................................................................................... ..
• Emergency and Suspension of Writs ........................................................................................
• Judiciary ....................................................................................................................................
• Amendment of the Constitution ................................................................................................
• BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................
 CERTIFICATE

• This is to certify that Mr Atipriya Singh, a student of LL.M, semester

1st,.my supervision and guidance. The work contained in this dissertation is
titled
“Performance and Judicial Freedom of Decisions” under my supervision and
• guidance.
It is further certified that the candidate has made sincere efforts for the
completion of this project work.
Place: Jaipur, Rajasthan
ASSO.PROF.Mrs. SWATI CHHA
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
• I hereby acknowledge the help and support of teachers, who helped me in
compiling this project. I thank the faculty and management of Dr. B.R.
Ambedkar Law University, Jaipur, as the resources that were necessary
to
complete this project were provided by them. I am highly indebted to
my teacher ASSO.PROF. Mrs. SWATI CHHAJLANI for her
guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary
knowledge
 Meaning of artificial intelligence

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a phrase coined by John McCarthy, the

father of AI. The Oxford Dictionary defines Artificial Intelligence as
“the theory and development of computer systems able to perform
tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual
perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation
between languages. (1) Simply described, artificial intelligence (AI)
is a vast discipline of computer science whose purpose is to
develop systems that can operate autonomously and intelligently.
• It can be described as an intelligent machine capable of thinking,
understanding, and acting on its own, as well as the ability to replicate
certain human behaviour. As a result, Artificial Intelligence is a system that
has the capability and ability to solve problems that we humans would
normally solve using our natural intelligence. To elaborate further, the goal
of AI development is to meet the need for and desire for automation in
today’s fast-paced human lives. Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently being
used to do mundane or even difficult tasks.
 AI in the legal profession

• Each breakthrough in the field of law has been revolutionary, from

typewriters to computers, from using libraries solely for legal study to using internet
portals to find relevant case laws, from fax machines to emails. Now is the moment
for AI to enter the legal profession. Although the legal services market is one of the
largest in the world, it is also believed to be under-digitized in its operations. The
legal profession is fairly conventional in its approach and hesitant to adopt new
technologies. It’s time for us to accept that Artificial Intelligence has the potential to
transform the way lawyers currently work and the way law is viewed in India. As
stated by Justice D.Y. Chandrachud, “technology is relevant insofar as it fosters
efficiency, transparency, and objectivity .
• The AI Task Force Report was the first phase in India’s Artificial
Intelligence framework, and it was used to examine artificial
intelligence in depth. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry
established this task force, which is led by N. Chandrasekaran,
Chairman of Tata Sons, to examine the financial benefits of AI and
determine how it can benefit India. The Task-force stated its vision
“To embed AI in our Economic, Political and Legal thought
processes so that there is the systematic capability to support
the goal of India becoming one of the leaders of AI-rich
economies”.
• The nature of the Indian legal profession is such that the entire procedure is
done manually since the legal sector is still believed to be labour-intensive. As a
result, AI is still in its early phases, with many older champions believing that
technology should not be employed extensively since it may eventually take over man,
and so avoiding the idea of AI in legislation. Having said that, there are many tech-
savvy lawyers, as well as large law firms, who are taking full advantage of
technological innovations in order to get an advantage over their competitors. We all
know that the Indian legal system.
• CAM has achieved history by becoming the first Indian law practice to
license “Kira,” a machine learning program developed by Kira
Systems in Canada. This AI-based software can handle a lot of
things, which saves a lot of time and effort. The “Kira” technology is
used to analyze legal papers, locate and spot any potential
dangerous areas, and extract provisions from various legal
documents and Mangaldas is one such firm that has recognized
AI’s capabilities .
Face of future law firms
 Current state of AI in law

• The legal services market is one of the world’s largest, with a global value
of almost $1T. At the same time, it remains under digitized.
For better or worse, the legal profession is tradition-bound,
notoriously slow to accept new technologies and lawyers are still at
ease with and depending on solutions developed years ago. This
probably will alter in the next few years. AI has the potential to
transform the way lawyers work and how the law is viewed in
India. This procedure is in progress.
• In the realm of law, one of the most significant disruptions that AI can
make is in the field of legal research. The Indian legal system is continuously
changing, and lawyers may gain a unique insight into the legal sphere in
seconds using Artificial Intelligence.An artificially intelligent research
platform can complete research in seconds, and whether a law firm has 400
lawyers or a single practising lawyer, AI can balance the costs of legal
research while maintaining a consistent level of quality. It can equip lawyers
with efficient tools to help them become better at advising clients.
 Application of AI in the legal world

• Various areas of AI in the legal sector can be discovered with adequate

research and careful comprehension of the legal industry by IoT app
development companies. The current Artificial Intelligence applications in the
industry can be categorized into six main parts: DUE DILIGENCE: Lawyers
use Artificial Intelligence tools to perform due diligence and uncover
background information. In light of the current scenario, developers have
opted to integrate a slew of new features, including agreement review, legal
inquiry, and electronic media for this section of the industry.
• PROGNOSTICATION TECHNOLOGY: Artificial Intelligence
(AI) aids in the generation of outcomes for legal investigations
and agreement evaluations. This characteristic of AI programming
appears to be extremely beneficial to legal firms and industries.
• LEGAL MECHANISM: Lawyers can obtain information
points from prior or past instances using Artificial Intelligence
technologies. They can also utilize this data to keep track of the
judge’s instructions and forecasts. This technology is likely to
become increasingly important on a global scale in the near future.
• DOCUMENTING MECHANISM: Different types of software
arrangements are used in the legal industry to develop papers that
aid in the collection of data and information. In the law firm
industry, there are numerous documents that are useful. As
a result, it is really beneficial.
• INTELLECTUAL POSSESSION: Artificial intelligence algorithms
demonstrate lawyers how to examine massive IP files and extract meaning
from a variety of attractive texts.
 AI technology is seen to have the potential to increase efficiency. With the
aid of the machine learning algorithm input provided to the app, Artificial
Intelligence works on numerous algorithms capable of speeding up
document verification and processing activity. For a variety of reasons,
simply removing manual tasks is insufficient to integrate artificial
intelligence into the company’s infrastructure. Rather, because of increased
competition among businesses, there has
• ELECTRONIC RECEIPT: Lawyers used to make their own receipts for a
long time. The billings of lawyers were turned electronic after AI software
development technology was applied in these businesses.
• Legal firms that use Artificial Intelligence can work faster and pass savings to
clients and other related businesses more quickly. Companies lack the ability to
automate this process and find legal services to be a little more expensive than other
firms in the industry. However, it is unclear how the transition will take place. Law
companies with a larger financial budget are expected to adapt to AI technology more
steadily and quickly. New startup firms and tiny businesses, on the other hand, maybe
able to begin with a productivity-driven approach that is automated and progressive
in comparison to the larger corporations.
 Face of future law firms

• In the last few years, the legal business has seen a significant increase in
competition. Understanding technological changes and
client requirements have become critical for law firms. Those
who turn a blind eye to these changes will become obsolete in the
next few years.Future law firms would be very different from
what we see now. Let’s have a look at some of the qualities that
advance legal companies would have:
• 1. CLIENT SERVICE INNOVATIONS:
• In future, the way clients are served and handled will significantly
change. Law firms would approach their clients with fresh ideas
and more genuine and cost-effective legal solutions. Currently, law
firms in India bill their services based on the billable hour
technique; however, this billing method will become outdated in
the future. To better serve their clients, law firms should consider
rethinking their pricing practices and implementing a Performance-
Based Pricing Strategy [PBPS]: As the name implies,
• 2. FOCUS ON HIGHER PROFITS:
• Nowadays, law firms are concerned with raising income, and if we
look closely, we can see that competition among law firms has
been expanding steadily, but demand for legal services has
remained stable, making revenue growth extremely difficult. As a
result, law firms will focus on better profitability and margins in
the future rather than revenue.
• 3. MAKING TECHNOLOGY THE FOUNDATION FOR GROWTH:
• We’ve seen a considerable increase in the introduction of new AI-based
solutions targeted at making the legal sector more efficient and client-
friendly in recent years. Various legal tech startups have emerged to better
the lives of lawyers and law firms, ranging from E-Discovery tools to
contract drafting automation. AI -based legal solutions assist law
companies in becoming more efficient, lowering expenses and increasing
revenues. The future law firm will incorporate these technologies,
and collaborate with other businesses to develop AI-based solutions
that’ll benefit the legal industry.
• . FOCUS ON BRAND VALUE:
• In the future, law firms will place a greater emphasis on their brand
presence. A single piece of negligent advice from a few employees
can ruin a firm’s reputation, thus law firms must rely on AI-based
legal solutions and platforms, as well as tech-savvy lawyers, to
grow their brand value. On the other hand, law firms must
increasingly host conferences and participate in cross-border
seminars and workshops.
 • CONTRACT REVIEW
• Contracts are the lifeblood of the economy; without them, no business
transactions can take place. Nonetheless, the process of concluding a
contract is excruciatingly time-consuming. It may delay negotiations and
prevent companies from achieving their goals. Human mistake is
common, no surprise given that attention to minutiae is essential and the
fact that contracts can be thousands of pages lengthy.
• The idea of automating this process is being pursued by startups such as
Lawgeex and LexCheck. These firms are working on AI systems that can
automatically ingest proposed contracts, evaluate them in detail
• CONTRACT ANALYTICS
• The first step is to sign a contract. Staying on top of the agreed-
upon conditions and obligations after the parties have signed a
contract may be a major problem. This problem is especially
serious for large firms, which will have millions of outstanding
contracts with thousands of distinct counter-parties spread over
multiple internal divisions.
• LITIGATION PREDICTION
• A few AI teams are developing machine learning models to anticipate
the outcomes of pending cases, using the corpus of relevant precedent and
the facts of the case as inputs. As these forecasts become more precise, they’ll
have a significant impact on legal practice. Law firms are beginning to utilize
them to plan ahead of time their litigation strategy, expedite settlement
negotiations, and reduce the number of cases that need to go to trial.
• LEGAL RESEARCH
• Legal research is an area where machine intelligence is making
headway. Legal research used to be a labor-intensive procedure, with law
students and firm associates searching case law volumes for relevant
precedent. With the introduction of personal computing recently, this
procedure has gone digital, and lawyers increasingly undertake research
using computer applications such as LexisNexis and Westlaw. These
outdated technologies lack intelligence beyond rudimentary search
functionality
 Conclusion and suggestions

• Advances in technology have undoubtedly altered the legal industry’s

outlook; it can be concluded that AI in the field of law has
numerous benefits: it has aided legal professionals in quick
research; it can assist judges in decision-making processes with its
predictive technology; it is useful for law firms for due diligence
work, data collection, and other tasks, all of which make their work
more efficient; and it is useful for law firms for due diligence work,
data collection, and other tasks, all of which make their work.
• To ensure AI’s inclusion, we need to take a balanced approach. Here are a few
suggestions:
• 1) A solid regulatory framework that clearly states the obligations and
liabilities of this intelligent machine must be created.
• 2) The accountability aspect must be considered in order to govern its
behavior.
• 3) To safeguard privacy, tougher data protection regulations are required. As
a result, the solution is not to take a back seat and avoid technological breakthroughs,
but to embrace them and use AI to our benefit by putting in place the necessary
legislation .
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
• BOOKS
• Linder, D.E., Cooper, J. and Jones, E.E., 1967. Decision freedom as a determinant of the

• Stinson, Ø., 2022. (Non) renewable Terms and Judicial Independence in the European
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• Sharma, B.K., 2022. Introduction to the Constitution of India. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd..
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• Jacobson, G.J., 2022. Dynamic and Constrained: Using the Judiciary to Pursue Social
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• Dhavan, S.S., 2022. The Indian judicial system: a historical survey.
• Dutta, J., 2022. Enacting Science as Soft Power by Indian Scientist
• ARTICLE
• Huchhanavar, S., 2022. Judicial conduct regulation: do in-house mechanisms in India
• uphold judicial Independence and effectively enforce judicial accountability? Indian Law
• Review.
• Jacobson, G.J., 2022. Dynamic and Constrained: Using the Judiciary to Pursue Social
• Justice in India. Law & Social Inquiry, 47(1), pp.375-380.
• Dhaware, M., Constitution, Constitutionalism and Constitutional Development in Modern
• India.
• Dhavan, S.S., 2022. The Indian judicial system: a historical survey.
• Dutta, J., 2022. Enacting Science as Soft Power by Indian Scio.