Compartment Model

1. What does the word “open” mean in the one compartment open model?
a) The drug easily enters
b) The drug readily mixes with the blood
c) Unidirectional input and output
d) Easy absorption

2. How much time does an intravenously administered drug take to complete a

complete circulation?
a) 5-8 min
b) 7-10 min
c) 1-3 min
d) 1 min

3. In the equation log C = log Co – KEt/2.303, what does Co stand for _______
a) Plasma drug concentration after 60 min of i.v. injection
b) Plasma drug concentration after 15 min of i.v. injection
c) Plasma drug concentration after 30 min of i.v. injection
d) Plasma drug concentration immediately after i.v. injection.

4. What is meant by elimination half-life?

a) Time take for half of the amount of drug to get completely eliminated from only the
organs
b) Time take for half of the amount of drug to get completely eliminated from only
blood
c) Time take for half of the amount of drug to get completely eliminated from only
plasma
d) Time take for half of the amount of drug to get completely eliminated from the body
as well as plasma

5. What is the equation to find out the apparent volume of distribution?

a) Amount of drug in the body/plasma drug concentration
b) Plasma drug concentration/amount of drug in the body
c) 1 / plasma drug concentration
d) 1 / Amount of drug in the body

6. The i.v. bolus dosage is 500mg and the plasma drug concentration is 0.8 mg/ml.
What should be the volume of distribution?
a) 625 mg/ml
b) 625 l
c) 625 ml
d) 0.0016 mg/ml

7. To have a plasma distribution value of 900 ml and plasma drug concentration to be

1.2 mg/ml what should be the amount of drug that should be given to the patient?
a) 1080 ml
b) 1080 g
c) 1080 mg
d) 1g/ml

8. What is the equation to find out hepatic clearance?

a) Plasma drug concentration/rate of elimination by the kidney
b) Rate of elimination by kidney/plasma drug concentration
c) 1 / rate of elimination by the kidney
d) 1 / plasma drug concentration

9. At which of the four marked points of the plasma drug concentration versus time
graph, absorption rate = elimination rate?

a) a
b) b
c) c
d) d

10. Which organs comprise the central compartment in a two compartment model?
a) Muscles
b) Skin
c) Adipose
d) Liver

11. Which organ comprises the peripheral compartment in a two compartment model?
a) Liver
b) Lungs
c) Kidneys
d) Muscles

12. Which of the following is not a category of 2 compartment model?

a) Two compartment model with elimination from the central compartment
b) Two compartment model with elimination from the peripheral compartment
c) Two compartment model with elimination from only plasma and blood
d) Two compartment model with elimination from both the compartments

13. In the given picture, the marking “a” represents the drug concentration of which
compartment?
a) The central compartment in a two compartment model
b) A peripheral compartment in a two compartment model
c) The central compartment in a one compartment model
d) Drug concentration of the plasma

14. In the given picture, the marking “b” represents the drug concentration of which
compartment?

a) The central compartment in a two compartment model

b) The peripheral compartment in a two compartment model
c) The central compartment in a one compartment model
d) Drug concentration of the plasma

Bioavailability
1. What is bioavailability?
a) The time of absorption of the drug from its dosage form
b) The rate of absorption of the unchanged drug from its dosage form
c) The time of absorption of the unchanged drug from its dosage form
d) The rate of absorption of the drug from its dosage form

2. What is the equation of bioavailable fraction?

a) 1/Bioavailable dose
b) 1/Administered dose
c) Bioavailable dose/Administered dose
d) Administered dose/Bioavailable dose

3. Which of the following is not an objective of bioavailability studies?

a) Primary stages of development of suitable dosage form for new drug
b) Determination of the influence of excipients, patient-related factors, etc
c) Development of new formulations of the existing drugs
d) Control the quantity of the drug to be administered

4. Single-dose bioavailability studies are simple and common.

a) True
b) False

5. Multiple dose study is better since we can understand the peak, valley, drug blood
levels, etc.
a) True
b) False

6. Which of the following is the pharmacodynamics method of studying bioavailability?

a) Acute pharmacologic response
b) Plasma-level time studies
c) Urinary excretion studies
d) Stool excretion studies

7. Which of the following is not an important parameter of plasma level time studies?
a) Cmax
b) Tmax
c) The area under the plasma level-time curve
d) Steady state level

8. What is the equation for bioavailability?

a) [AUC]std Dstd τtest / [AUC]test Dtest τstd
b) [AUC]test Dtest τstd / [AUC]std Dstd τtest
c) [AUC]test Dstd τtest / [AUC]std Dtest τstd
d) 1 / [AUC]std Dtest τstd

9. The urinary excretion of the unchanged drug is directly proportional to the plasma
concentration of a drug.
a) True
b) False

10. Which of the following will not be a parameter that should be examined for urinary
excretion data?
a) (dXu/dt) max
b) (tu)max
c) Xu
d) Cmax

11. Find out the correct option for the marked place in the given picture of the rate of
excretion versus midpoint time of urine collection period curve.
a) (dXu/dt)max
b) (tu)max
c) Xu
d) Cmax

12. Find out the correct option for the marked place in the given picture of the rate of
excretion versus midpoint time of urine collection period curve.

a) (dXu/dt)max
b) (tu)max
c) Xu
d) Cmax

13. Which of the following is not measured in acute pharmacological response study?
a) ECG
b) EEG
c) Pupil diameter
d) Serum drug level

14. Therapeutic response is based on observing the clinical response to a drug

formulation.
a) True
b) False

15. In vitro determination of bioavailability by dissolution rate is not the best way to
determine therapeutic efficacy.
a) True
b) False

16. Which one of these is not a physicochemical property of Drug substance?

a) Drug solubility
b) Disintegration time
c) Age of patient
d) Dissolution time

17. Which one of these does not come under a physicochemical property of drugs?
a) Drug solubility
b) Disintegration time
c) Dissolution rate
d) Drug stability

18. In the sequence of events in the drug absorption from orally administered solid
dosage, which one comes at first?
a) Disintegration
b) Disaggregation
c) Dissolution
d) Absorption

19. Which one is the correct sequence for drug absorption through the oral route?
a) Absorption – Dissolution – Disintegration – Deaggregation
b) Disintegration – Dissolution – Deaggregation – Absorption
c) Disintegration – Deaggregation – Dissolution – Absorption
d) Disintegration – Deaggregation – Absorption – Dissolution

20. Patient-related factors of drug absorption do not deal with which one of these?
a) Age
b) Gastric Emptying time
c) Intestinal transit time
d) Pharmaceutic ingredients

21. The rate at which drug reaches the systemic circulation is determined by the
slowest of the various steps involved in the sequence. This is known as ____________
a) Disintegration time
b) Dissolution time
c) Rate limiting step
d) Gastric Emptying time

22. Diffusion coefficient of drug D, Greater the value faster us the dissolution.
a) True
b) False

23. Greater the surface area lesser is the dissolution.

a) True
b) False

24. Which of the following is not a mechanism for pharmacokinetic analysis?

a) Compartment analysis
b) Non compartment analysis
c) Physiologic modeling
d) Human model
25. In which of the following models the body is considered to be composed of several
compartments? a) Compartment model
b) Noncompartment model
c) Physiologic model
d) Human model

Non-linear Pharmacokinetics

1. Non-linear pharmacokinetics is also known as………

A. dose dependent
B. enzyme capacity limited
C. saturation pharmacokinetics
D. All of the above
discuss
D. All of the above

2. The characteristic of non-linear pharmacokinetics include…………..

A. Area under the curve is proportional to the dose
B. Elimination half-life remains constant
C. Area under the curve is not proportional to the dose
D. Amount of drug excreted through remains constant
discuss
C. Area under the curve is not proportional to the dose

3. Which of following drug shows non-linearity in hepatic excretion?

A. Carbamazepine
B. Propranolol
C. Penicillin
D. Thiopental
discuss
A. Carbamazepine

4. Pharmacokinetics parameters change as per………… of dose administered?

A. Size
B. Route
C. Both of free above
D. None of the above
discuss
A. Size

5. Linear Pharmacokinetics is………………

A. Dose dependent
B. Dose independent
C. Both of the above
D. None of the above
discuss
A. Dose dependent
6. Non-linear Pharmacokinetics also called as…………
A. Mixed order
B. Saturated kinetics
C. Capacity Limited
D. All of the above
discuss
D. All of the above

7. In…………..Pharmacokinetic parameters for a drug can change with change in dose.

A. Linear Pharmacokinetics
B. Non-linear Pharmacokinetics
C. Both of the above
D. None of the above
discuss
B. Non-linear Pharmacokinetics

8. The………………….. is common cause of both dose and time dependent kinetics

A. Capacity limited Process
B. Dose volume
C. Enzyme induction
D. None of the above
discuss
C. Enzyme induction

9. When Km << C. In this condition…………..

A. Km – C = C
B. Km + C = C
C. Km + C = Km
D. Km - C = Km
discuss
B. Km + C = C

10. Active processes which are Saturable in renal excretion of drug includes…….
A. Active tubular secretion
B. Active tubular reabsorption
C. Both of the above
D. None of the above
discuss
C. Both of the above

11. Linear Pharmacokinetics also referred as………….

A. First-order kinetics
B. Second order kinetics
C. Pseudo order kinetics
D. None of the above in
discuss
A. First-order kinetics
12. If the steady-state plasma concentration is directly proportional to the dose, then
……….in thekinetics exists.
A. Linearity
B. Non-linearity
C. Both of the above
D. None of the above
discuss
A. Linearity

13. …………..it is the extent to which a drug will accumulate relative to the first dose
can be quantifiedby an accumulation factor R.
A. Accumulation Index
B. Apparent volume of drug distribution
C. Accumulation factor
D. None of the above
discuss
A. Accumulation Index

14. Which of the following is correct statement about Nonlinear pharmacokinetics?

A. The pharmacokinetic parameters of a drug will not change when multiple doses of
drug are administered
B. The graph of the relationship between the different factors involved (dose, blood
plasma concentrations, elimination, etc.) gives a straight line.
C. the plasma drug concentration changes either more or less than would be expected
from a change in dose rate.
D. None of the above
discuss
C. the plasma drug concentration changes either more or less than would be expected
from a change in dose rate.

15. Which of the following Factors causing Non-linearity?

A. Nonlinearity may arise due to pathological alteration at any one of the various
pharmacokinetic steps, such as absorption, distribution and/or elimination.
B. Nonlinearity may arise due to Capacity-limited metabolism.
C. Nonlinearity may arise due to alteration in protein binding characteristics
D. All of the above
discuss
D. All of the above

16. In Michaelis-Menton Equation, When the value of Km = C

A. rate of process is half (1 /2) the maximum rate.
B. the elimination of most drugs follows first order kinetic
C. the elimination of most drugs follows zero order kinetic
D. the elimination of most drugs follows second order kinetic
discuss
A. rate of process is half (1 /2) the maximum rate.

17. Name the different methods used to estimate Km and Vmax graphically.
A. Direct Linear plot
B. Lineweaver —Burke plot or Klotz Plot
C. Graphical Method
D. All of the above
discuss
D. All of the above

18. Any changes in fraction bioavailable, elimination half-life indicates nonlinearity of

that particulardrug.
A. True
B. False
C. none
D. all
discuss
A. True

19. Which of the following creates nonlinearity in drug distribution and not in drug
absorption?
A. When absorption is solubility or dissolution rate-limited
B. When absorption involves carrier-mediated transport systems
C. When a presystemic gut wall or hepatic metabolism attains saturation
D. Saturation of binding sites on plasma proteins
discuss
D. Saturation of binding sites on plasma proteins

20. Which one of these is correct Michaelis-Menten equation?

A. –dC/dt = Vmax C/Km+C
B. dC/dt = Vmax C/Km+C
C. –dC/dt = Vmax C/Km
D. –dC/dt = Km+C / Vmax C
discuss
A. –dC/dt = Vmax C/Km+C