Biopharmaceutics CHAPTER 2 QUESTIONS

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Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics (BP604TT)
Chapter 2 :- DRUG DISTRIBUTION
1. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (vd) one must take
into account:
a. Concentration of a substance in plasma
b. A daily dose of drug
c. Concentration of substance in urine
d. Therapeutical width of drug action
2. Which process involve alteration of drug distribution
a. Competitive binding
b. Reduced plasma protein level
c: Both
d. None
3. If drug have very small volume of distribution it is likely that the

drug

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a. Has short biological half life
b. Does not accumulate in various tissue and organ
c. Not bioavailable
d. will not be effective
4. If distribution of drug is slower than process of biotransformation

and elimination
a. It will cause high blood level of drug
b. It will cause low blood level of drug
c. Cause failure to attain diffusion equilibrium
d. None of the above
5. If the drug Y bind with plasma albumin with 10 times more affinity
than drug X. Which the given statement is true?
a. Apparent volume of distribution of drug X decrease
b. Free concentration of drug X in blood will be increase
c. Apparent volume of distribution of drug Y decrease
d. Toxicity of drug Y increase

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6. The distribution of drugs into the central nervous system (brain)
usually depends on:
a. Aqueous diffusion
b. Lipid diffusion
c. Active transport
d. Facilitated transport
7. Which of the following is most likely to be associated with a high

apparent volume of distribution
a. High hepatic extraction ratio
b. Penetration across the blood:brain and blood:testes barriers
c. Extensive binding to plasma protein
d. Extensive binding to tissue constituents
8. The Initial distribution of drug into the tissue is determined chiefly

by
a. Rate of blood flow to tissue
b. Plasma protein binding of drug
c. Affinity for tissue
d. Gastric emptying time

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9. Transfer of drug from plasma to tissue depends on
a. Weight of tissue
b. Blood perfusion rate of tissue
c. Size of tissue
d. All of the above
10. A hydrophilic medicinal agent has
a. Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
b. Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
c. Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
d. High reabsorption in renal tubules
11. Biological barriers include all except:
a. Renal tubules
b. Cell membranes
c. Capillary walls
d. Placenta

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12. Blood Brain Barrier is maximum permeable to
a. Na+
b. C02
c. Cl-
d. K+
13. If a CNS drug is extensively ionized at pH of blood it will
a. Penetrate the blood brain barrier slowly
b. Penetrate the blood brain barrier rapidly
c. Not penetrate blood brain barrier
d. Be eliminated slowly
14. The rate of drug transport across a cell membrane by lipid

diffusion depends on all of the following except
a. Drug size (diffusion constant)
b. Surface area of absorption
c. Lipid partition coefficient
d. Density of transporters

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15. The formula to calculate half life (t1/2) is
a. 0.693 *Vd / C1
b. 0.693 *Cl / Vd
c. 0.693 / Cl * Vd
d. 0.693 / Cl
16. The procedure of transporting a drug from the bloodstream to

tissues is called as
a) Absorption
b) Dissolution
c) Distribution
d) Elimination
17. …………..it represents the degree to which a drug is distributed in

body tissue rather than
a) Volume of distribution (YD)
b) Effect of distribution
c) Area of distribution
d) None of the above

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18. It is defined as the distribution of a drug between plasma and the
rest of the body after oral or parenteral dosing.
a) Volume of distribution (VD)
b) Apparent volume of drug distribution
c) Phagocytosis
19. The drugs having molecular size …………..easily cross capillary

membrane.
a) <500-600d
b) < 100-200 d
c) <300-600d
d) <90M600d
20. The concentration of drug in blood or plasma will be

comparatively in the GI tract.
a) High
b) Low
c) Very High
d) Very Low

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21. Fat is act as reservoir for……………………… Drugs
a) Highly water soluble
b) Lower lipid soluble
c) Highly lipid soluble
d) Lower lipid soluble
22. Displacement is significant when, the displaced drug is more than

protein bound.
a) 50%
b) 95%
c) 10%
d) 1%
23. ……………is located at the sertoli-sertoli cell junction.
a) Blood testis barrier
b) Blood CSF barrier
c) Blood cellular barrier
d) All of the above

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24. The Binding Order of drug to tissue is…………………
a) Kidney > Liver > Lungs > Muscle
b) Muscle > Kidney > Lungs > Liver
c) Liver > Kidney > Lungs > Muscle
d) Liver > Lungs > Kidney > Muscle
25. …………………in lipophilicity increases the extend of binding.
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) Constant
26. Protein binding of drugs helps to maintain ……………for

absorption of drugs.
(a) non sink condition
(b) sink condition
(c) pKa
(d) none of the above

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27. The loading dose of a drug is based upon the
(a) time taken for complete elimination
(b) percentage of drug excreted unchanged in urine
(c) percentage of drug bound to plasma protein
(d) apparent volume of distribution and the desired drug

concentration in plasma
28. The volume of distribution of drugs is:
(a) An expression of total body volume
(b) A measure of total fluid volume
(c) A relationship between the total amount of drug in the body and
the concentration of the drug in the blood
(d) Proportional to bioavailability of the drug
29. What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs

through brain-blood barrier?
(a) High lipid solubility of a drug
(b) Meningitis
(c) Absence of pores in the brain capillary endothelium
(d) High endocytosis degree in a brain capillarc

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30. The volume of distribution (Vd) relates:
(a) Single to a daily dose of an administered drug
(b) An administered dose to a body weight
(c) An unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation
(d) The amount of a drug in the body to the concentration of a drug in

plasma
31. Movement of drug across the membrane is called as
(a) Symport
(b) Antiport
(c) Drug transport
(d) Absorption
32. Which of the following is known as Tamoxifen binding site?
(a) Site I
(b) Site II
(c) Site III
(d) Site IV

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33. Which of the following drug selectively bound to extravascular

tissues?
(a) Warfarin
(b) Diazepam
(c) Digitoxin
(d) Chloroquin
34. Plasma Protein binding …………..the volume of distribution of

drugs.
(a) increases
(b) decreases
(c) no change
35. Following intravenous administration, drugs are distributed fastest

to:
(a) the skin, kidney, and brain
(b) the liver, kidney, and brain
(c) the liver, adipose, and brain

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(d) the liver, kidney, and adipose
36. …………is the tight junction between sertoli cells.
(a) BBB
(b) placental barrier
(c) blood-testis barrier
(d) endothelial barrier
37. Distribution is……………..
(a) irreversible process
(b) dynamic equilibrium process
(c) Both (a) & (b)
38. A drug reverses plasma-protein binding is often referred as……..
(a) displacer
(b) solvate
(c) carrier substance
(d) protein hydrolysate

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39. Primary binding site for albumin is ………………binding site.
(a) Warfarin
(b) Diazepam
(c) Digitoxin
(d) Tamoxifen
40. Which of the following strategies are widely used to improve or

promote transport of drug to brain?
(a) Glycosylation
(b) Use of Mannitol
(c) Prodrug approach
(d) All of the above
41. Acidic drug have
(a) Low Vd
(b) high Vd
(c) No Vd

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42. Low molecular weight of drugs have
(a) Low Vd
(b) high Vd
(C) No Vd
43. Water soluble drugs have
(a) Low Vd
(b) high Vd
(c) No Vd
44. Lipid soluble drugs have
(a) Low Vd
(b) high Vd
(c) No Vd

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45. Protein binding ……………the distribution of drugs.
(a) Decreases
(b) Increases
(c) No Change
46. Which one of the following physicochemical property is more

important for passive diffusion of drugs from the GIT?
(a) Partition coefficient
(b) Lipid solubility
(c) pH of GIT fluids
(d) dissolution constana
47. Drug permeation through BBB can be improved by………..
(a) Glycosylation
(b) Mannitol
(c) Dihydropyridine redox system
(d) all of the above

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48. Which of the following drug diffuses readily into the brain?
(a) Penicillin
(b) Thiopental
(c) Dopamine
49. Drug distribution in an organ depends on…………
(a) Organ size
(b) Perfusion rate
(c) Partition Coefficient
50. Protein binding of acidic drugs decreased in………..
(a) Trauma
(b) Surgery
(c) Hepatic Cirrhosis
(d) Burns Answers

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51. Which one of the following sentences will be the actual definition
of distribution?
a) Transfer of drug from the administration dosage to surrounding

fluid
b) Transfer of drug from the surrounding the fluid to the blood
c) Transfer of the drug from the oral cavity to the intestine
d) Reversible transfer of drug between blood and extravascular fluids

and tissues
52. What should be the molecular weight of the drug molecules so

that they can easily pass through the membrane?
a) 600-800 Dalton
b) 500-600 Dalton
c) 300-500 Dalton
d) 200-400 Dalton
53. Which type of drug cannot enter the cell membrane in the below
picture?
a) Ionized drug
b) Unionized drug
c) Hydrolyzed drug
d) Unhydrated drug

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54. Which drugs cannot pass the Capillary endothelial Barrier?
a) Molecular size less than 600 Dalton
b) Drugs bound to blood components
c) Drugs bound to a chemical moiety
d) All drugs can pass
55. Which of the following drug cannot pass through the plasma
membrane barrier?
a) Drug size less than 50 Dalton
b) Lipophilic drugs 50-600 Dalton
c) Polar or ionized drugs of size greater than 50 Dalton
d) Drug size more than 600 Dalton
56. Which cell make up the blood-brain barrier?
a) Squamous epithelium cells
b) Fat cells
c) Red blood cell
d) Endothelial cells

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57. What is the name of the specialized cells that support the blood-
brain barrier tissue?
a) Astrocytes
b) Dendrites
c) Fat cells
d) Endothelial cells
58. Why dopamine cannot be administered for the disease

Parkinsonism?
a) Don’t have a medicine
b) It is not the medicine
c) Cannot cross the blood-brain barrier
d) Forms aggregate and thus cannot cross the BBB
59. Which one of these is not an approach to make the drug cross the
blood-brain barrier?
a) Using permeation enhancers
b) Osmotic disruption of the blood-brain barrier
c) Use of highly lipophilic drug only

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d) Use of drug carriers to cross the BBB
60. Which drugs can easily pass the Placental barrier?
a) Drugs having a molecular weight less than 1000 Dalton
b) Moderate to high lipid solubility
c) Drugs having a molecular weight less than 1000 Dalton and

moderate to high lipid solubility, analgesics, and antibiotics
d) Analgesics, antibiotics, etc
61. What is the function of the blood-testis barrier?
a) Restricts the passage of drug to the testis
b) Restricts the passage of drug to sperms
c) Restricts the passage of drugs to spermatocytes
d) Restricts the passage of drugs to spermatocytes and spermatids
62. What is the perfusion rate?
a) The total volume of blood
b) The volume of blood that flows through the heart per unit time
c) The volume of blood that flows per unit time per unit volume of
tissue

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d) The volume of tissue that flows per unit time per unit area of a
blood vessel
63. Who has more intracellular and extracellular water more in their
body?
a) Aged
b) Adults Of age more than 20
c) Infants
d) Children at puberty
64. Who has higher fat content?
a) Adults of age above 70
b) Adults of age more than 20
c) Infants and elders
65. Who has poorly developed BBB?
a) Infants
b) Adults Of age more than 20
c) Aged

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66. During pregnancy, drug distribution is more. Which of the

following sentences describe the given fact better?
a) The baby needs more drug
b) The mother needs more drug due to high metabolism
c) The surface area increases in the mother’s body due to the

presence of uterus, placenta, and foetus. Thus more area for
distribution of drugs
d) The growth of the uterus, placenta, and foetus increases the

volume thus increasing distribution. And even the baby forms a
separate compartment for a drug to get distributed
67. What happens when an obese person is given with a lipophilic

drug?
a) Drug aggregation will begin
b) He cannot absorb lipophilic drugs
c) High adipose tissue take up most of the lipophilic drug
d) A large amount of drug is needed as the person’s weight is more
68. What is the consequence of diet high in fats?

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a) The patient can’t be given with acidic drugs
b) The patient can’t be given with basic drugs
c) The basic drugs will aggregate and become poisonous for him
d) The high fatty acid level affect the binding of acidic drugs
69. The extent to which a drug is distributed is a tissue depends upon

___________ and _____________
a) The concentration of a drug, tissue/blood partition coefficient of

drug
b) Tissue volume, tissue/blood partition coefficient of drug
c) Tissue surface area, tissue/blood partition coefficient of drug
d) Blood density upon the tissue, tissue/blood partition coefficient of

drug
70. Which one of the following has a high perfusion rate?
a) Fat
b) Muscle and skin
c) Lungs and kidney
d) Bone

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71. Which one of the following has very low perfusion rate?
a) Fat and bone
b) Muscle and skin
c) Lungs and kidney
d) Liver and Heart
72. Infants have high albumin content.
a) True
b) False
73. Disease state of a patient can influence drug distribution across

the body.
a) True
b) False
74. In meningitis and encephalitis polar antibiotics gain access to

BBB which don’t happen to a healthy person.
a) True
b) False

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75. What reasons make tissue-drug binding important for drug
distribution?
a) Increases the volume of distribution of drugs and results in

localization of drug at a specific site
b) Increases the volume of distribution of drugs
c) Results in localization of drugs at a tissue specific site
d) Increases in absorption from the tissue due to concentration

increasing
76. Following is the order in decreasing order of drug binding to the

extravascular tissue. Which one is the correct order?
a) Liver > kidney > muscle > lung
b) Liver > muscle > lung > kidney
c) Liver > muscle > kidney > lung
d) Liver > kidney > lung > muscle
77. What is the relation between halogenated hydrocarbon and liver?
a) Halogenated hydrocarbon is a drug for liver problems
b) Halogenated hydrocarbon is nutrition for liver

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c) Halogenated hydrocarbon causes hepatotoxicity
d) Halogenated hydrocarbon forms the bile juices in liver
78. Which drugs accumulate in liver?
a) Acidic drugs like imipramine
b) Basic drugs like imipramine
c) Halogenated hydrocarbons
d) Chloroquinine
79. Which metals get accumulated in kidney?
a) Mercury, cadmium, lead
b) Mercury, cadmium, iron
c) Mercury, lanthanum, lead
d) Mercury, cadmium, fluoride ions
80. Which of the following drugs accumulate in skin?

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d) Chloroquine
81. Which of the following drugs are responsible for retinopathy?
d) Chloroquinine
82. Which drugs deposit in hair shafts?
a) Arsenicals
b) Tetracycline
d) Lipophilic drug
83. Which drug causes brown yellow discoloration of infant’s teeth?
a) Arsenicals
b) Tetracycline
d) Lipophilic drug

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84. Which drug accumulate in adipose tissue?
a) Arsenicals
b) Tetracycline
d) Lipophilic drug
85. Which drugs results in distortion of double stranded DNA

structure?
a) Arsenicals
b) Quinacrine
d) Lipophilic drug
86. In equation X=Vd C, what does Vd denotes?
a) Density
b) Volume of blood
c) Volume of body
d) The volume of the body fluid in which the drug is getting dissolved

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87. The amount of drug in the body is directly proportional to the

concentration of the drug in plasma.
a) True
b) False
88. The body water has 3 distinct compartments. Which one of these
is not one of the compartments?
a) Vascular fluid
b) Intracellular fluid
c) Extracellular fluid
d) Between the tissue layers
89. How can you determine the extracellular fluid volume?
a) Evans blue
b) Na+
c) D20
d) Tritiated water

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90. How a patient’s plasma volume can be determined?
a) Evans blue
b) Na+
c) D20
d) Tritiated water
91. The total body water volume can be determined by using high
molecular weight dyes.
a) True
b) False
92. How will you determine the intracellular fluid volume?
a) Evans blue
b) Na+
c) Difference between total body water and ECF volume
d) Tritiated water
93. What will be the apparent volume of distribution of warfarin?
a) The apparent volume of distribution is less than the true volume of

distribution

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b) The apparent volume of distribution is more than the true volume
of distribution
c) The apparent volume of distribution is equal to the true volume of

distribution
d) Warfarin is not a medicine
94. What will bet the apparent volume of distribution of drugs which
binds selectively to extravascular tissues?
a) The apparent volume of distribution is less than the true volume of

distribution
b) The apparent volume of distribution is more than the true volume

of distribution
c) The apparent volume of distribution is equal to the true volume of

distribution
d) The apparent volume of distribution is equal to the volume of

extravascular tissues
95. Factors altering the binding of the drug to the blood increases the
volume of distribution of the drug and the factors that influence drug
binding to the extravascular component decreases the volume of
distribution.
a) True
b) False

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Mcq for university exam

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a. Concentration of a substance in plasma

b. A daily dose of drug

c. Concentration of substance in urine

d. Therapeutical width of drug action

2. Which process involve alteration of drug distribution

b. Reduced plasma protein level

3. If drug have very small volume of distribution it is likely that the

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b. Does not accumulate in various tissue and organ

d. will not be effective

4. If distribution of drug is slower than process of biotransformation

a. It will cause high blood level of drug

b. It will cause low blood level of drug

c. Cause failure to attain diffusion equilibrium

d. None of the above

a. Apparent volume of distribution of drug X decrease

b. Free concentration of drug X in blood will be increase

c. Apparent volume of distribution of drug Y decrease

d. Toxicity of drug Y increase

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7. Which of the following is most likely to be associated with a high

a. High hepatic extraction ratio

b. Penetration across the blood:brain and blood:testes barriers

c. Extensive binding to plasma protein

d. Extensive binding to tissue constituents

8. The Initial distribution of drug into the tissue is determined chiefly

a. Rate of blood flow to tissue

b. Plasma protein binding of drug

c. Affinity for tissue

d. Gastric emptying time

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b. Blood perfusion rate of tissue

d. All of the above

10. A hydrophilic medicinal agent has

a. Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids

b. Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier

c. Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis

d. High reabsorption in renal tubules

11. Biological barriers include all except:

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13. If a CNS drug is extensively ionized at pH of blood it will

a. Penetrate the blood brain barrier slowly

b. Penetrate the blood brain barrier rapidly

c. Not penetrate blood brain barrier

14. The rate of drug transport across a cell membrane by lipid

a. Drug size (diffusion constant)

b. Surface area of absorption

c. Lipid partition coefficient

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16. The procedure of transporting a drug from the bloodstream to

17. …………..it represents the degree to which a drug is distributed in

a) Volume of distribution (YD)

d) None of the above

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a) Volume of distribution (VD)

b) Apparent volume of drug distribution

d) None of the above

19. The drugs having molecular size …………..easily cross capillary

20. The concentration of drug in blood or plasma will be

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a) Highly water soluble

b) Lower lipid soluble