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Pharmacokinetics model exams

1. Which of the following is not a mechanism for pharmacokinetic analysis?
a) Compartment analysis
b) Non compartment analysis
c) Physiologic modeling
d) Human model
2. In which of the following models the body is considered to be composed of several compartments?
a) Compartment model
b) Noncompartment model
c) Physiologic model
d) Human model
3. In which of the model peripheral compartments are connected to a central compartment?
a) Compartment model
b) Caternary model
c) Physiologic model
d) Mammillary model
4. Which organs will make up the peripheral compartment?
a) Lungs
b) Liver
c) Kidneys
d) Pancreas

5. What type of drug administration will have the shown compartment model?

a) Intravenous administration
b) Oral administration
c) Rectal administration
d) Sublingual administration

6. What type of drug administration will have the shown compartment model?

a) Intravenous administration
b) Oral administration
c) Rectal administration
d) Sublingual administration

.
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7. What type of drug administration will have the shown compartment model?

a) Intravenous administration
b) Oral administration
c) Rectal administration
d) Extravascular administration
View Answer
8. What type of drug administration will have the shown compartment model?

a) Intravenous administration
b) Oral administration
c) Rectal administration
d) Sublingual administration
View Answer
9. In which model compartments are joined in series?
a) Compartment model
b) Caternary model
c) Physiologic model
d) Mammillary model

10. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the caternary compartment model?
a) It gives a visual representation of various rate processes in drug disposition
b) It shows how many rate constants are necessary
c) Compartments and parameters bear a relationship with physiologic functions
d) Useful in predicting drug

11. In noncompartmental analysis, Mean residence time is equal to _____________

a) The area under the first moment curve/area under the zero moment curve
b) The area under the zero moment’s curve/area under the first moment curve
c) 1 / Area under the first-moment curve
d) 1/ Area under the zero moment curve

12. Which pharmacokinetic model is drawn on the basis of anatomic and physiologic data?
a) Compartment model
b) Caternary model
c) Physiologic model
d) Mammillary model
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13. Which kind of pharmacokinetic model is shown in the picture?

a) Physiologic model
b) Compartment model
c) Noncompartment model
d) Mammillary model

14. Which of the following will be a disadvantage for the physiologic model?
a) Prediction of drug concentration in various body regions
b) Correlation of data in several animal species
c) Obtaining experimental data for each of the organs
d) The model gives an exact description of the drug concentration-time profile for any organ

15. Which model is also known as membrane permeation rate limited?

a) Physiologic model
b) Compartment model
c) Noncompartment model
d) Mammillary model

16. In cell membrane the hydrocarbon chains for hydrophilic phase and the polar heads form hydrophobic phase.
a) True
b) False

17. Proteins interact with which part of the cell membrane?

a) Hydrophobic tail
b) Polar head
c) Non polar head
d) Hydrophilic tail
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18. Which part of thee membrane is responsible for the relative impermeability of polar molecules in and out of the cell?
a) Polar head
b) Hydrophobic head
c) Hydrophobic core
d) Non polar head

19. What helps in the passing of inorganic ions?

a) Ion channels
b) Voltage gated channels
c) Aqueous filled pores
d) Diffusion

20. The cell membrane is ___________

a) Impermeable
b) Semipermeable
c) Permeable
d) Permeable to only gases

21.. What is the most important characteristic of a drug to be absorbed after oral administration?
a) Dissolved in HCL
b) Dissolved in alkaline solution
c) Can pass through the cell membrane
d) Form aggregate and settle down

22.. Cell membrane can pass easily Oxygen and Carbon dioxide.
a) False
b) True

23.. Which one of these is an example of Enteral Ro

Route?
a) Skin
b) IV
c) Gastrointestinal
d) Inhalation

24.. Gastrointestinal route is an example of which of the major drug delivery routes?
a) The enteral route
b) The parenteral route
c) The topical route
d) The intravenous route

25.. The following image is a basic representation of cellular membrane, choose whether the markings are true or false?

a) True
b) False

26.. Which one of these is a physicochemical property of Drug substance?

a) Drug solubility
b) Disintegration time
c) Age of patient
d) Dissolution time

27.. Which one of these does not come under a physicochemical property of drugs?
a) Drug solubility
b) Disintegration time
c) Dissolution rate
d) Drug stability

28.. In the sequence of events in the drug absorption from ora

orally administered solid dosage, which one comes at first?
a) Disintegration
b) Disaggregation
c) Dissolution
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d) Absorption
View Answer
29. Which one is the correct sequence for drug absorption through the oral route?
a) Absorption – Dissolution – Disintegration – Deaggregation
b) Disintegration – Dissolution – Deaggregation – Absorption
c) Disintegration – Deaggregation – Dissolution – Absorption
d) Disintegration – Deaggregation – Absorption – Dissolution
View Answer
30. Patient-related factors of drug absorption do not deal with which one of these?
a) Age
b) Gastric Emptying time
c) Intestinal transit time
d) Pharmaceutic ingredients

31. The rate at which drug reaches the systemic circulation is determined by the slowest of the various steps involved in the sequence. This is
known as ____________
a) Disintegration time
b) Dissolution time
c) Rate limiting step
d) Gastric Emptying time

32. Diffusion coefficient of drug D, Greater the value faster us the dissolution.
a) True
b) False

33. Greater the surface area lesser is the dissolution.

a) True
b) False

34. Which one of the following is a critical rate-limiting step of drug absorption?
a) Rate of drug disintegration
b) Size of the drug
c) Size of the porous particle
d) Rate of dissolution

35. Which sentence will define the Dissolution rate?

a) Amount of solid substrate that goes into solution under constant time
b) Amount of solid substrate that goes into solution under constant time under standard temperature
c) Amount of solid substrate that goes into solution under constant time under standard temperature, pH, and pressure
d) Amount of solid substrate that goes into solution under constant time under standard temperature, pH, solvent composition and constant
surface area

36. What should be the ideal solubility rate of an orally administered drug in the pH range of 2 to 8?
a) 3-4mg/ml
b) 4-6 mg/ml
c) 7-8 mg/ml
d) 1-2 mg/ml

37. Which one of these is not a theory of Drug dissolution?

a) Diffusion layer model
b) Fick’s law of diffusion
c) Penetration or surface renewal theory
d) Interfacial barrier model

38. Which theory takes into account that a thin film is created by the solution of the solid at the solid-liquid interface?
a) Interfacial barrier model
b) Diffusion layer model
c) Penetration or surface renewal theory
d) Danckwert’s model

39. In the equation G=Ki (Cs-Cb), what does G stands for______________

a) Dissolution rate per unit area
b) Effective interfacial transport constant
c) Concentration of the solute
d) Concentration of the impurity
.

40. Which model does not approve the existence of the stagnant layer in the solid-liquid interface?
a) Interfacial barrier model
b) Diffusion layer model
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c) Penetration or surface renewal theory

d) Danckwert’s model
.
41. What does the interfacial barrier model states?
a) An intermediate concentration exists at the interface
b) Turbulence in the dissolution medium exists at the solid/liquid interface
c) Formation a thin film or layer at the solid-liquid interface
d) Solutes passes easily through the interfaces

42. In the equation, Wo1/3-W1/3=Kt, K stands for ____________

a) The original mass of the drug
b) Mass of the drug remaining after time t
c) Dissolution constant
d) Concentration of solute

43. Which are the two rate-determining step of drug absorption when given orally?
a) Disintegration and deaggregation
b) Disintegration and Dissolution
c) Dissolution and permeation through the membrane
d) Permeation through the membrane and Disintegration

44. The maximum amount of solute dissolved in a given solvent under standard conditions of temperature, pressure, and pH is known as
__________
a) Dissolution rate
b) Intrinsic dissolution
c) Rate limiting step
d) Absolute or intrinsic solubility

45. In the equation, V dC/dt = dm/dt = A(Cs-Cb).√ γ D, what does γ stands for?
a) Mass of the solid dissolved
b) Rate of surface renewal
c) Concentration of solute
d) Concentration of the drug

46. Each face of the crystal has a different interfacial barrier.

a) True
b) False

47. Absorption of drugs can be categorized into 2 classes, physicochemical properties of drugs and Dosage form of the drug, on the basis of drug
dissolution.
a) True
b) False

48. Which option will be the best example of the physicochemical properties of drugs?
a) Solubility, particle size, polymorphism, salt form, pseudopolymorphism, complexation, wettability, pH, Pressure of disintegration
b) Pressure of disintegration, polymorphism, salt form, pseudopolymorphism, complexation, wettability, pH
c) Solubility, particle size, polymorphism, salt form
d) Solubility, particle size, polymorphism, salt form, pseudopolymorphism, complexation, wettability

49. For oral formulation, what should be the minimum aqueous solubility to avoid bioavailability problems?
a) 0.9%
b) 1%
c) 2%
d) 0.11%
50. The total solid surface area of any particle is known as ___________
a) Absolute surface area
b) Effective surface area
c) Total surface area
d) Surface area

51. Particle size and surface area of a drug are directly related to each other.
a) True
b) False
52. Absolute surface area is proportional to the dissolution rate of a drug.
a) True
b) False

53. In the case of hydrophobic drugs, micronization results in a decrease in effective surface area and thus fall is dissolution rate. Which of the
below sentences cannot be a reason for the given statement?
a) The hydrophobic surface of the drugs adsorbs onto their surface which inhibits their wettability
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b) The particles reaggregate to form larger particles due to their high surface free energy
c) Extreme reduction in the particle size imparts surface charges that may prevent wetting
d) Extreme reduction in the size brings the hydrophobic amino acids to the surface

54. How the absolute surface area of hydrophobic drugs can be converted to their effective surface area?
a) Use of surfactant
b) Use of Hydrophobic diluents
c) Use of surfactant and hydrophilic diluents
d) No need of doing micronization

55. Which one of these is not an example of hydrophilic diluents?

a) PVC
b) Dextrose
c) PVP
d) PEG

56. The solvate can exist in different crystalline forms called as _________
a) Solvates
b) Pseudopolymorphs
c) Pseudopolymorphism
d) Hydrate
57. Which form of a drug has greater solubility?
a) Anhydrous
b) Hydrate
c) Crystallised
d) Monohydrate

58. Which one will be the easiest approach to enhance the solubility and dissolution of any drug?
a) Micronize the drug
b) Convert drug into their anhydrous form
c) Convert drug into their hydrous form
d) Convert drug into their salt form

59. What is pH?

a) –ve log of H+ concentration
b) +ve log of H+ concentration
c) Log of H+ concentration
d) H+ concentration

60. Which one of these is not an advantage of buffered aspirin tablets?

a) Enhanced bioavailability
b) Reduced gastric irritation
c) Increased stability
d) Increased ulcerogenic tendency
.

61. Larger the size of the counterion, greater the solubility.

a) True
b) False
62. According to the pH-partition hypothesis which one of the given options doesn’t govern the absorption?
a) The molecular size of the drug
b) PH at the absorption site
c) Lipid solubility of unionized drugs
d) Dissociation constant

63. If the pH of either side of the membrane is different, then the compartment whose pH favours greater ionization will have less amount of
drug.
a) True
b) False

64. Which of the following equations correct for Henderson-Hasselbach equation for weak acids?
a) PH = pKa – log (Unionized drug concentration /Ionized drug concentration)
b) PH = pKa – log (Ionized drug concentration/ Unionized drug concentration)
c) PH = pKa + log (Ionized drug concentration/ Unionized drug concentration)
d) PH = pKa + log (Unionized drug concentration /Ionized drug concentration)

65. Which of the following equations correct for Henderson-Hasselbach equation for weak bases?
a) PH = pKa – log (Unionized drug concentration /Ionized drug concentration)
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b) PH = pKa – log (Ionized drug concentration/ Unionized drug concentration)

c) PH = pKa + log (Ionized drug concentration/ Unionized drug concentration)
d) PH = pKa + log (Unionized drug concentration /Ionized drug concentration)

66. What is the pH range of the stomach?

a) 1-4
b) 5-8
c) 1-3
d) 1-8

67. What is the pH range of the intestine?

a) 4-5
b) 1-3
c) 1-8
d) 5-8

68. Acids in the pKa range 2.5-7.5 are greatly affected by changes in pH making their absorption pH dependent.
a) True
b) False

69. Which one of these is an example of a strong acid drug?

a) Diazepam
b) Ibuprofen
c) Cromolyn
d) Aspirin

70. Which one of these is not an example of a basic drug with pKa range 5-11?
a) Cromolyn
b) Imipramine
c) Amitriptyline
d) Chloroquine

71. Example of a drug which has PKa > 11 is ________

a) Cromolyn
b) Imipramine
c) Amitriptyline
d) Mecamylamine

72. What should be the range of oil/water partition coefficient of any drug?
a) 1-2
b) 3-4
c) 2-3
d) 1-3

73. Ibuprofen a weak acid, in the stomach will be present in which of the given form?
a) Ionized form mostly
b) Non-ionized form mostly
c) Half ionized and half no ionized
d) Will form aggregate

74. Nitrazepam a weak base, will be in which form in the stomach?

a) Ionized form mostly
b) Non-ionized form mostly
c) Half ionized and half no ionized
d) Will form aggregate

75. All drugs which are weak acids or acidic in nature will be in a unionized form in the plasma.
a) True
b) False

76. Heroin with pKa 7.8 will be in which form in intestinal pH?
a) Ionized form mostly
b) Unionized form mostly
c) Half ionized and half no ionized
d) Will form aggregate

77.Which one of these options is not one of the limitations of pH-partition theory?
a) Presence if virtual membrane pH
b) Absorption of ionized drugs
c) Influence of GI surface area
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d) Dissolution rate

78. A microclimate pH, different from the luminal pH exists at the membrane surface.
a) True
b) False

79. According to the pH-partition theory which form of the drug gets absorbed mostly?
a) Hydrated form
b) Aggregated form
c) Ionised
d) Unionised
80. What helps the ionized drug molecules to pass through the cell membrane passively?
a) Different pH
b) Polar group
c) Large lipophilic group
d) Hydration

81. Acidic drugs are best absorbed through the stomach and basic drugs are best absorbed through the intestine.
a) True
b) False
.

82. What could be the reason that irrespective of pH any drug gets absorbed mostly from the intestine?
a) More surface area
b) Long residence time
c) Large surface area and long residence time
d) Large surface area, long residence time, basic pH

83. What will be in the place of ‘?’ in the given picture?

a) Plasma layer
b) Aqueous unstirred diffusion layer
c) Lipid membrane
d) Blood vessel
View Answer

84. Drug having a small partition coefficient can rapidly penetrate the lipid membrane but diffusion through the unstirred water layer is a rate-
limiting step.
a) True
b) False

85. What are the major stability problems which result in poor bioavailability of any orally administered drugs?
a) Acidic degradation
b) Degradation by salivary amylase
c) Degradation of the drug in inactive form
d) Interaction with the excipients and degradation in an inactive form

86. Which form of drug formulation has disintegration time?

a) Injections
b) Syrups
c) Capsules and Tablets
d) Only tablets
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87. Which tablets have longer Disintegration time?

a) Single coated tablets
b) Uncoated tablets
c) Sugar-coated tablets
d) Capsules

88. Disintegration time is directly proportional to the amount of binder present in the tablet.
a) True
b) False

89. Which of the following is not a form of excipients?

a) Paracetamol
b) Disintegrants
c) Lubricants
d) Binders

90. Which of the following is not a limitation granulation?

a) Formation of crystal bridge by the presence of liquid
b) The liquid may act as a medium for affecting chemical reactions such as hydrolysis
c) Increase the cost due to more additional processing
d) The drying step may harm the thermolabile drugs

91. The agglomerative phase of the communication method grinds the drug in a ball mill for a long time to affect spontaneous agglomeration. But
results showed tablets produced are softer.
a) True
b) False
.

92. Which of these is not a characteristic of tablet formulation by Agglomerative phase of the communication process?
a) Tablets are stronger
b) Usage of more binding agent
c) Rapid dissolution
d) Increase in internal surface area of the granules

93. What does the graph of Rate of Drug dissolution v/s Compression force with this type of curve interpret?

a) Tight binding of the molecules in drug

b) Deformation of the drug particles into smaller particles
c) The influence of compression force on the dissolution rate is difficult
d) Both tight bonding and deformation of the drug molecules
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94. What does the graph of Rate of Drug dissolution v/s Compression force with this type of curve interpret?

a) Tight binding of the molecules in drug

b) Deformation of the drug particles into smaller particles
c) The influence of compression force on the dissolution rate is difficult
d) Both tight bonding and deformation of the drug molecules

95. Capsules with bigger particles and intense packing have poor drug release and dissolution rate due to an increase in the pore size.
a) True
b) False

96. Which one of them is not a common form of excipients of drug manufacturing?
a) Diluents
b) Binders
c) Sweeteners
d) Essential oils

97. Vehicles are the solvent system for the liquefied drug. Which one of them is not an example of a kind of vehicle?
a) Aqueous vehicle
b) Non-aqueous water-miscible vehicles
c) Non-aqueous water immiscible vehicles
d) A salt solution of the drug

98. Which one of the following will be an example of organic diluents?

a) Starch
b) Dicalcium phosphate
c) Tetracycline
d) Tween 80

99. What is the function of a granulating agent in drug formulation?

a) Promote cohesive compacts
b) Added if the required dosage is inadequate so that necessary bulk can be produced
c) Tablets can disintegrate easily
d) Used as solubilizer

100. What is the full form of PVP and what is its function in drug formation?
a) Polyvinyl propylene, diluent
b) Polyvinyl pyrrolidine, solubilizing agent
c) Polyvinyl propylene, buffering agent
d) Polyvinyl pyrrolidine, Binding agent

 Source www.sanfoundry.com
The question were compiled by mr Shimaji