MIS

 102/ISE  102/ISE  361  

Founda2ons  of  Informa2on  Systems  

Chapter 1
An Introduction to
Information Systems

  1  
 • Lecturer Information:
Asst. Prof. Dr. Tugberk KAYA,
Department of Management Information Systems,
School of Applied Sciences
tkaya@ciu.edu.tr
Telephone +90 392 671 11 11 - 2488
CIU Page: https://ciu.edu.tr/academic-staff-detail/1079/674/2370
Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tugberk_Kaya
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?
user=E8jCzpkAAAAJ&hl=en

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 Learning  Objec2ves  
• Discuss  why  it  is  important  to  study  and  
understand  informa2on  systems  
• Dis2nguish  data  from  informa2on  
• Name  the  components  of  an  informa2on  
system  and  describe  several  system  
characteris2cs  
• List  the  components  of  a  computer-­‐based  
informa2on  system  
• Iden2fy  the  basic  types  of  business  
informa2on  systems  and  discuss  who  uses  
them   2  
 Why  Learn  About  Informa2on  
Systems?  
•  Informa2on  systems  used  in  almost  every  
profession  including:  
–  Entrepreneurs  
–  Small  companies  to  large  mul2na2onals  
–  Accoun2ng,  marke2ng,  management  
•  Informa2on  systems:  
–  Indispensable  tools  to  help  you  achieve  your  
career  goals  

3  
 Introduc2on  
•  Informa2on  system  (IS):  
–  A  set  of  interrelated  components  that  collect,  
manipulate,  and  disseminate  data  and  
informa2on  and  provide  feedback  to  meet  an  
objec2ve  
•  Businesses:    
–  Informa2on  system  feedback  can  help  
organiza2ons  achieve  their  goals,  increase  
revenues  and  reduce  costs  

4  
 Data,  Informa2on,  and  Knowledge  
•  Data:  
–  Raw  facts  
•  Informa2on:  
–  Collec2on  of  facts  organized  in  such  a  way  that  they  have  
value  beyond  the  facts  themselves  
•  Process:  
–  Set  of  logically  related  tasks    performed  to  achieve  a  
defined  outcome  
•  Knowledge:  
–  Awareness  and  understanding  of  a  set  of  informa2on  and  
the  ways  it  can  be  made  useful  to  support  a  task  
5  
Data,  Informa2on,  and  Knowledge  
(con2nued)  

6  
Data,  Informa2on,  and  Knowledge  
 
(con2nued)  

7  
 The  Characteris2cs  of  Valuable  
Informa2on  
•  If  an  organiza2on’s  informa2on  is  not  accurate  
or  complete:  
–  People  can  make  poor  decisions,  cos2ng  
thousands,  or  even  millions,  of  dollars  
•  Depending  on  the  type  of  data  you  need:  
–  Some  characteris2cs  become  more  important  
than  others  

8  
The  Characteris2cs  of  Valuable  
Informa2on  (con2nued)  

9  
 System  Concepts  
•  System:  
–  Set  of  elements  or  components  that  interact  to  
accomplish  goals    
•  Components  of  a  system:  
–  Inputs    
–  Processing  mechanisms  
–  Outputs  
–  Feedback  

10  
System  Concepts  (con2nued)  

11  
  System  Performance  and  
Standards  
•  Efficiency:  
–  Measure  of  what  is  produced  divided  by  what  is  
consumed  
•  Effec2veness:  
–  Measure  of  the  extent  to  which  a  system  acains  
its  goals.  It  can  be  computed  by  dividing  the  goals  
actually  achieved  by  the  total  of  the  stated  goals.    
•  System  performance  standard:  
–  Specific  objec2ve  of  the  system;  e.g.  produce  no  
more  than  1  %  defec2ve  parts  
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  A  system  performance  standard  
for  a  marke2ng  campaign  

13  
  A  system  performance  standard  
for  a  manufacturing  process  

14  
 What  is  an  Informa2on  System?  
•  Informa2on  system  (IS)  is  a  set  of  interrelated  
elements  that:    
–  Collect  (input)  
–  Manipulate  (process)  
–  Store  
–  Disseminate  (output)  data  and  informa2on  
–  Provide  a  correc2ve  reac2on  (feedback  
mechanism)  to  meet  an  objec2ve  

15  
What  is  an  Informa2on  System?  
(con2nued)  

16  
 Input,  Processing,  Output,  
Feedback  
•  Input:  
–  Ac2vity  of  gathering  and  capturing  raw  data  
•  Processing:  
–  Conver2ng  data  into  useful  outputs  
•  Output:  
–  Produc2on  of  useful  informa2on,  usually  in  the  form  of  
documents  and  reports  
•  Feedback:  
–  Informa2on  from  the  system  that  is  used  to  make  changes  
to  input  or  processing  ac2vi2es  

17  
 Computer-­‐Based  Informa2on  
Systems  
•  Single  set  of  hardware,  sogware,  databases,  
telecommunica2ons,  people,  and  procedures:    
–  That  are  configured  to  collect,  manipulate,  store,  and  
process  data  into  informa2on  
 
•  Increasingly,  companies  are  incorpora2ng  CBIS  into  their  
products  and  services  
–  CBIS  integrated  into  VW  vehicles  to  determine  if  
something  is  wrong  with  car,  recommend  needed  repair  
work,  check  on  available  parts  to  make  repair,  and  
schedule  service  appointment  with  the  dealer  

18  
  
Components  of  Computer-­‐Based  
Informa2on  Systems  
 

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 Computer-­‐Based  Informa2on  
Systems  Terms  
•  Hardware:    
–  Consists  of  computer  equipment  used  to  perform  
input,  processing,  storage,  and  output  ac2vi2es  
•  Sogware:    
–  Consists  of  the  computer  programs  that  govern  
the  opera2on  of  the  computer  
•  Database:    
–  Organized  collec2on  of  facts  and  informa2on,  
typically  consis2ng  of  two  or  more  related  data  
files   20  
 Computer-­‐Based  Informa2on  
Systems    Terms  (con2nued)  
•  Telecommunica2ons  
–  The  electronic  transmission  of  signals  for  communica2ons  
•  Networks    
–  Connect  computers  and  equipment  to  enable  electronic  
communica2on  
•  Internet    
–  World’s  largest  computer  network,  consis2ng  of  
thousands  of  interconnected  networks,  all  freely  
exchanging  informa2on  

21  
 Computer-­‐Based  Informa2on  
Systems    Terms  (con2nued)  
•  Web  
–  Network  of  links  on  the  Internet  to  documents  containing  
text,  graphics,  video,  and  sound  
•  Intranet:  
–  Internal  network  that  allows  people  within  an  organiza2on  
to  exchange  informa2on  and  work  on  projects  
•  Extranet:  
–  Network  based  on  Web  technologies  that  allows  selected  
outsiders,  such  as  business  partners  and  customers,  to  
access  authorized  resources  of  a  company’s  intranet  

22  
When  you  log  on  to  the  FedEx  site  (www.fedex.com)  to  
check  the  status  of  a  package,  you  are  using  an  extranet.  

23  
 Computer-­‐Based  Informa2on  
Systems    Terms  (con2nued)  
•  People:    
–  The  most  important  element  in  most  computer-­‐
based  informa2on  systems  
•  Procedures:    
–  Include  strategies,  policies,  methods,  and  rules  for  
using  the  CBIS  

24  
 Business  Informa2on  Systems  
•  Most  common  types  of  informa2on  systems:  
–  Those  designed  for  electronic  and  mobile  
commerce,  transac2on  processing,  management  
informa2on,  and  decision  support  
•  Some  organiza2ons  employ:  
–  Special-­‐purpose  systems,  such  as  virtual  reality,  
that  not  every  organiza2on  uses  

25  
Business  Informa2on  Systems  
(con2nued)  

26  
 Electronic  and  Mobile  Commerce  
•  E-­‐commerce:  
–  Any  business  transac2on  executed  electronically  
between:  
•  Companies  (business-­‐to-­‐business,  B2B)  
•  Companies  and  consumers  (business-­‐to-­‐consumer,  
B2C)  
•  Consumers  and  other  consumers  (consumer-­‐to-­‐
consumer,  C2C)  
•  Business  and  the  public  sector  
•  Consumers  and  the  public  sector  

27  
 Electronic  and  Mobile  Commerce  
(con2nued)  
•  Mobile  commerce  (m-­‐commerce):  
–  The  use  of  mobile,  wireless  devices  to  place  orders  and  
conduct  business  
•  e-­‐procurement  
–  Use  of  informa2on  systems  and  the  Internet  to  acquire  
parts  and  supplies  
•  Electronic  business  (e-­‐business):      
–  Uses  informa2on  systems  and  the  Internet  to  perform  all  
business-­‐related  tasks  and  func2ons  

28  
Electronic  and  Mobile  Commerce  
(con2nued)  

29  
Ques2ons?  

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