SAD - Rasna diskriminacija i logika kapitala u zoniranju i financiranju stanovanja

• Omogućavanje vlasništva nekretnine u kojoj živite jedno od obećanja populaciji, pogotovo

crnačkoj, nakon drugog svjetskog rata „property rights as an expression of citizenship”,
court decision from 1948: “Equality in the enjoyment of property rights was regarded . . . as an essential pre-
condition to the realization of other basic civil rights and liberties.” (str.2)

• USA Racial zoning. White House task force for zoning codes 1921, no mention of race but members
“outspoken segregationsts”. Oregon state, Ku Klux Klan wins 1922 elections, Portland 1924, “single-
family” zoning, which required households who wanted to live in certain parts of town to be able to
pay not only for a home but for a certain minimum amount of land around it—at least 5,000 square
feet in most cases. Other sorts of homes would be banned. https://www.sightline.org/2018/05/25/a-century-of-
exclusion-portlands-1924-rezone-is-still-coded-on-its-streets/

• “By 1924, the National Association of Real Estate Boards (NAREB) promised punishment and
revocation of membership to any broker who disrupted patterns of racial homogeneity on a given
block or neighborhood.22 These ideas and practices were then codified into policies created by the
FHA.” (p.10) … “objectives of public interest were melded with private enterprise in the American
housing market,”

• “Black people paid more for the inferior condition of their housing. They referred to this costly
differential as a “race tax.” Real estate operatives confined each group to its own section of a single
housing market to preserve the allure of exclusivity for whites, while satisfying the demand of housing
for African Americans.

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 D. Parolek (2020)
Missing Middle
Housing.

In 2019, Minneapolis
1st large American city
to end single-family
zoning, the rules that
restrict certain
neighborhoods to
single-family homes.

Gupta 2015, "depleted cities, the Foreclosure Crisis, and racial disparities in
housing - are not the "natural" results of a free market. They are the
inevitable results of a century's worth of deliberate policy choices, all of them
aimed at inscribing a particular societal structure - the white nuclear family -
into the physical landscape of American housing."

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 • From the introduction: "depleted cities, the Foreclosure Crisis, and racial disparities in housing - are
not the "natural" results of a free market. They are the inevitable results of a century's worth of
deliberate policy choices, all of them aimed at inscribing a particular societal structure - the white
nuclear family - into the physical landscape of American housing.“
• From the conclusion: “The widespread focus on individuals operating in their own self-interest in a
market environment invisibilizes the privilege that the white middle class enjoys in liberal discourse…“
• “Through rhetoric and policies regarding the free market, certain individuals and communities, those
not as able to access this market for a variety of reasons-are left behind. The deeply embedded values
of "equality" or self-help then serve to mask this exclusion from the system, wherein people do not
exist in equal bargaining positions.”
• “This phenomenon can be seen in many parts of today's economy, and housing is just one powerful
example of how racial inequality shows the cracks in the seeming commitment of liberal policies to
equality and individual opportunity.”
• “Perhaps, with an understanding of the power exercised through law and regulation that shaped our
current housing market and collective imagination, federal, state, and local government can be called
upon to act again-but this time, in a way that rebuilds and restructures American housing with the
goals of dismantling privilege and promoting more inclusive visions of legitimacy and equality.”

Gupta, Priya S. 2015. ‘Governing the Single-Family House, A (Brief) Legal History’. U. Of Hawai ’i Law Review 37:187–243.
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