Contents

MAC Address ................................................................................................................................. 2

How to find IP address in kali Linux? ............................................................................................ 3

How to ping window IP from kali?................................................................................................. 3

How to ping kali IP from window .................................................................................................. 4

What are internet protocols and list 15 with detail? ....................................................................... 5

 MAC Address
A network interface controller (NIC) is given a Media Access Control (MAC) address, which can
be used as a network address in communications inside a network segment. At the physical layer
of the OSI model, devices are identified by their MAC addresses.

Types of mac Address

1. Unicast
2. Multicast
3. Broadcast.

A MAC address is a 48-bit (or 12 digits) hexadecimal number that is typically written in pairs and
separated by colons or hyphens. The last 24 bits (the last 6 digits) are assigned by the manufacturer
and are exclusive to each device, whereas the first 24 bits (the first 6 digits) indicate the
manufacturers distinctive identify.

For convenience and easier readability, when writing a MAC address in hexadecimal format, extra
space or periods or colons are added after every two or four digits. For example, you can write a
MAC address in the following ways.

1. Without any separator: - 00000ABB28FC

2. Extra space after every two digits: - 00 00 0A BB 28 FC
3. Extra space after every four digits: - 0000 0ABB 28FC
4. Colon after every two digits: - 00:00:0A:BB:28:FC
5. Colon after every four digits: - 0000:0ABB:28FC
6. Period after every two digits: - 00.00.0A.BB.28.FC
7. Period after every four digits: - 0000.0ABB.28FC
How to find IP address in kali Linux?
Here are the steps:

1. Open a terminal in Kali Linux.

2. Type "ifconfig" and press Enter.
3. Look for the network interface you are using (e.g., "eth0" for wired or "wlan0" for wireless)
and find the "inet" line. This line will show your IP address.

How to ping window IP from kali?

To ping a Windows IP address from Kali Linux, follow these steps:

1. Open the terminal on Kali Linux.

2. Type the command "ping [IP Address]" in the terminal, replacing [IP Address] with the IP
address of the Windows machine you want to ping.
3. Press Enter to execute the command.
4. The ping command will send packets to the Windows machine and show you the response
time and whether the packets were received or not.
How to ping kali IP from window
To ping a Kali Linux machine from a Windows computer, follow these steps:

1. Open the Command Prompt on the Windows machine. You can do this by searching for
"cmd" in the Start menu.
2. Type "ping" followed by a space and then the IP address of the Kali Linux machine. For
example, if the Kali Linux machine has an IP address of 192.168.0.100, type "ping
192.168.0.100" without the quotes.
3. Press Enter to execute the command.
What are internet protocols and list 15 with detail?
Internet protocols are a set of rules that govern how data is transmitted and communicated across
the internet. These protocols are essential for the proper functioning of the internet, as they ensure
that data is transmitted accurately and efficiently between devices. Here are 15 commonly used
internet protocols:

1. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): HTTP is the protocol that is used to transfer data
between a web server and a web browser. It is the foundation of data communication on
the World Wide Web.
2. HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure): HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP that
encrypts data transmitted between a web server and a web browser. It is used to secure
online transactions and protect sensitive information.
3. FTP (File Transfer Protocol): FTP is a protocol that is used to transfer files between
computers on a network. It is commonly used to upload and download files to and from
web servers.
4. SSH (Secure Shell): SSH is a protocol that is used to securely connect to a remote computer
over a network. It is commonly used for remote administration and file transfer.
5. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): SMTP is the protocol that is used to send email
messages between servers. It is the foundation of email communication on the internet.
6. IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): IMAP is a protocol that is used to access email
messages from a server. It allows users to access their email from multiple devices and
keep their messages in sync.
7. POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3): POP3 is a protocol that is used to download email
messages from a server to a local computer. It is commonly used by email clients to retrieve
messages.
8. DNS (Domain Name System): DNS is the protocol that is used to translate domain names
into IP addresses. It is the foundation of the internet, as it allows users to access websites
using human-readable domain names instead of numeric IP addresses.
9. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): DHCP is a protocol that is used to assign
IP addresses and other network configuration information to devices on a network. It
simplifies the process of network configuration by automating the assignment of IP
addresses.
10. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): ARP is a protocol that is used to map a network
address (such as an IP address) to a physical address (such as a MAC address). It is used
to facilitate communication between devices on a network.
11. SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): SNMP is a protocol that is used to
manage and monitor network devices. It allows administrators to monitor network
performance, detect and resolve network problems, and manage network resources.
12. RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol): RTP is a protocol that is used to transmit audio and
video over the internet in real-time. It is commonly used for video conferencing and
streaming media.
13. SIP (Session Initiation Protocol): SIP is a protocol that is used to initiate and manage voice
and video calls over the internet. It is commonly used for Voice over IP (VoIP) and video
conferencing.
14. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): TCP is a protocol that is used to transmit data
reliably over a network. It ensures that data is transmitted accurately and efficiently by
dividing it into packets and retransmitting lost packets.
15. UDP (User Datagram Protocol): UDP is a protocol that is used to transmit data quickly
over a network, but without the reliability guarantees of TCP. It is commonly used for real-
time applications such as online gaming and video streaming.