FLUID MECHANICS

BFC 10403

PROPERTIES OF FLUID
CONCEPT OF THE FLUID
Fluid is a substance, which deform when subjected to a force

(i) Liquids (ii) Gases

Fluids

Liquid Gases

Fluid mechanics Aeromechanics

Hydrostatic Hydrodynamic Aerostatic Aerodynamic

 DIMENSIONS AND UNITS
PRIMARY DIMENSIONS
SECONDARY DIMENSIONS
1 Pa = ? N/m2
 PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

SURFACE TENSION
DENSITY VISCOSITY CAPILLARITY COMPRESSIBILITY
(σ)
• Mass density (ρ) • Dynamic (μ)
• Weight density (γ) • Kinematic (ν)
• Specific gravity (SG) Ev = Bulk modulus
• Specific volume (∀)

Ev
Category Kinematic Viscosity Dynamic Viscosity

Kinematic viscosity is the Dynamic viscosity is the

Definition ratio of dynamic viscosity to measure of a fluid's
density. resistance to flow.

Unit m²/s Pa·s

Formula ν=μ/ρ μ = τ / (dv/dy)

Symbol ν μ

Dimension [L²/T] [M/L·T]

Used for liquids with different

Use Used for liquids and gases.
densities.

The measure of a fluid's The measure of a fluid's

Relationship to Flow ability to flow freely under resistance to flow under
gravity. pressure.
 Tutorial
1) A tank contains 500 kg of a liquid whose specific gravity is 1.8. Determine the
volume of the liquid in the tank in cm3.

2)Determine the mass density, specific weight, and specific gravity if 5 L of oil
weighs 38 N

3) The flow rate of water at 20°C through a hose, a student finds that the hose fills
a 50 L drum in 1 minutes and 47 seconds. Calculate
(a) the volume flow rate in m3/s;
(b) the weight flow in N/s.

4) A can of liquid indicates that the can contains 355 mL. The mass of a full can
is 385g while an empty can weighs 0.14 N. Determine the specific weight,
density, and specific gravity of liquid.
5) Determine magnitude of the velocity gradient of water flowing at 20oC to
produce shear stress of 1 x 10-3 kN/m2

6) The kinematic viscosity of fluid at 20oC and a pressure of 150 kPa (abs) is 0.104
stokes. Determine the dynamic viscosity of fluid at this temperature anpressure.
(Given SG of fluid is 1.2)

7) Determine the compressibility of a liquid whose volume decreases by 4%

for an increase in pressure of 500 × 105 pa.

8) Compute the percentage increase in specific volume when the pressure of

water in a power press cylinder is released from 990 bar to 1 bar isothermally.
The average value of bulk modulus for water in this range is 2430 × 106 N/m2.
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