GNED 10 – GENDER AND SOCIETY – PALAPAR, MSD

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION COMMON TYPES OF SOCIETY

1. BAND – relative from single family unit
SYSTEMATIC
WHAT IS / Human Behavior 2. CLAN – relative from extension family unit
RIGOROUS
SOCIOLOGY? “Gawi” 3. TRIBE – social division of family bloodlines
METHODICAL
4. ETHNIC GROUP – Indigenous People
- The systematic study of human society. 5. CHIEFDOM – Datu/Rajah
6. STATE – People, Territory, Gov’t, Sovereignty
➢ Unit of Investigation – GROUP, Organizations,
Societies, and the Society GAD MAINSTREAMING
➢ Why Study SOCIOLOGY? See the world with
critical awareness and understanding. How society works before Gender and Dev’t:
➢ Anthony Giddens (2013) – Sociology is the study WOMEN’S ROLES MEN’S ROLES
of human life. Works in “clean jobs” such Works in science,
as secretaries, teachers, engineering, and other
➢ Reason is the highest form of thinking – It allows
and librarians technical fields
us to further analyze, realize and reflect on
Follower; make money/ In charge; always at the
ourselves.
income lesser than men top; income is higher
Do housework, chores, Do “dirty jobs” such as
“MAHIRAP” – typical analysis of “kahirapan” and childcare construction & mechanics
• Basic needs – Clothes, Food, Shelter Responsible for raising Needs and wants are
• Employment Issue children and taking care prioritized, dictating wives
- High job qualifications of husband/spouse what they should do
- Low educational attainment Supports and never lead Either lazy or messy
• Level of Income / Economic Status Submissive Dominant
- According to research, a family unit is
considered “poor” if their salary is lower Gender and Dev’t – Historical Framework
than 9,100 in the family income basis (as
for low-income earners)

SKILLS:
1. Self-Knowledge – the social structures,
institutions ans processes thar profoundly
shapes an individual’s whole being in life.
2. Understanding Others – it allows us to
perceive and affect each other vice versa.
3. Developing a Sociological Imagination –
reputing outside personal lives
4. Promotes Ethical and Social Responsibility –
critically reflecting the dynamics of a shared
world. GAD Mainstreaming = Gender Vs. Sex
• Mainstreaming or integrating gender into
TYPES OF SOCIETY development planning in all sectors of society
1. Hunter / Gatherer – Nomads requires a uniform understanding of various
2. Simple Agriculture – Traditional concepts. This includes gender as compared
3. Advance Agriculture – Modern/Digital with sex. Its sole purpose and the gains should
4. Industrial – Chemical Development be clearly understood.
 GNED 10 – GENDER AND SOCIETY – PALAPAR, MSD
• Development is the sustained capacity to
achieve a better life. To (1) have a higher life
expectancy, and (2) to enjoy a higher quality
of life.
- The Quality of Life involves: the capacity to
do, and the capacity to be.
- Hence, these aims 3 basic human needs:
1. The ability to provide for basic necessities;
2. The ability to become persons with
identity, dignity, and self-worth; and
3. The ability to exercise freedom and
responsibility.
Gender and Development (GAD)
- Refers to the development perspective and
process that is participatory and empowering,
equitable, sustainable, free from violence,
respectful of human rights, supportive of self-
determination and actualization of human
potentials.
- It seeks to achieve gender equality as a
fundamental value that should be reflected in
oneself.
Gender Sensitivity – recognize gender issues
which remain hidden (disregarded issues)
Gender Awareness – identifying problems
Gender Responsiveness – taking actions
✓ GAD is generally summed up through
COMPLIANCE and COMMITMENT.
✓ GAD is an obligation of the government. In which
case a government advocates:
- Good governance;
- Inclusive growth;
- Quality, equitable, culture-based, and
complete basic education; and
- Gender equality
SOCIETY IN VARIOUS PERSPECTIVES
1. Evolutionary
2. Political
3. Economical
Four Premises of GAD
1. GAD is not a war of sexes;
2. GAD is not anti-male;
3. Both men and women are victims of gender
inequality; and
4. Both women and men have a share in the
struggle for gender equality.
CHAPTER 2: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SEX AND
GENDER
SEX refers to the biological characteristics of
being a male and a female.
BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS – physical
attributes pertaining to a person’s body contours,
features, hormones, genes, chromosomes, and
reproductive organs.
Sex is…
- Generally permanent (unchangeable)
- Universal (solidity of humanity)
- Categorized as male and females
- Attributes are equally valued
Sex Characteristics
➢ Primary Sex Characteristics
- Refers to the sexual and reproductive
organs of the human body
- FEMALES – uterus, ovary (estrogen
and progesterone), ovum, fallopian
tubes cervix, vagina, clitoris.
- Females can be pregnant.
- MALES – penis, testes (androgen and
testosterone), scrotum, sperm, vas
deferens.
➢ Secondary Sex Characteristics
FEMALES
- Development of the breast
- Pelvic widens & hips broaden
- Voice deepens slightly
- Hair growth in armpit & pelvic region
- Ovaries starts to function
- Regular Menstruation
- Eve’s apple (bone in neck)
 GNED 10 – GENDER AND SOCIETY – PALAPAR, MSD

MALES GENDER ROLES

- Body become more muscular
WOMEN MEN
- Shoulder and chest gets broader
▪ Cooking ▪ Leader
- Adam’s apple grows
▪ Childcare ▪ Providing income
- Vocal cord deepens and enlarge
▪ Housekeeping for the family
- Underarm, pubic hair, and hair on the
face, chest and shoulders starts to
CHAPTER 3: SOGIESC
grow
- Penis and testes enlarge
BEYOND GENDER BINARY: UNDERSTANDING
- Testes begin to make/produce sperm
GENDER TERMS AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION,
GENDER IDENTITY AND EXPRESSION (SOGIE 101)
WHAT IS SEX ROLES?
- A function in which a male or a female
SEXUAL ORIENTATION (SO)
assumes because of the basic physiological or
– Attraction, Likeness, Love (Pagkahumaling,
anatomical difference between the sexes.
Pagkagusto, Pag-ibig)
- A role which can be performed by only one of
- Emotionally, physically, sexually attracted to
the sexes.
whom?
1. Homosexual – Gay and Lesbian
SEX ROLES
2. Heterosexual – Straight
FEMALE MALE 3. Bisexual – affection towards both sexes
▪ Ovum Fertilization 4. Pansexual – Wide/ALL gender & sexes
▪ Child-bearing
▪ Produces 5. Asexual – None / Limited
▪ Lactation
spermatozoa which
▪ Gestation
determine child’s sex GENDER IDENTITY (GI) – self view; man/woman
1. Cisgender – Fit Sex – preferred gender
WHAT IS GENDER? 2. Transgender – Sex – preferred gender
- It refers to the differentiated roles, attitudes, 2 TYPES
and values. • Non-Transforming
- Assigned by culture and society to both • Transforming – HRT, SRA, TRANSEXUAL
women and men. 3. Queer
• Non-binary
GENDER is… • Non-Conforming
• Sociologically constructed - These genders are unidentified. Their
• Changing, time and place bound gender identity might be found in
• Present in both women and men between of man and woman.
• Categorized as feminine and masculine
EXPRESSION (E)
WHAT IS GENDER ROLE? 1. Feminine – characteristic of being a female
- It is a learned behaviors in a given society or 2. Masculine – characteristic of being a male
community of social groups 3. Androgynous – an ability of having the
- Influenced by perceptions and expectations characteristics of both expression
- Arising from cultural, economic, social,
environmental, and religious factors. SEXUAL CHARACTERISTIC (SC)
✓ Male, Female, and Intersex