MARCH 20, 2023 / / MONDAY / / 2000311370
ANCIENT STORY
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
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REFERENCES:
Humphrey, J. W. (2006). Ancient technology.
Greenwood guides to historic events of the
ancient world. Westport, Conn: Greenwood
Press.
Rojcewicz, R. (2006). The gods and technology:
a reading of Heidegger. SUNY series in theology
and continental thought. Albany: State
University of New York Press.
Krebs, R. E., & Krebs, C. A. (2004).
Groundbreaking scientific experiments,
inventions, and discoveries of the ancient world.
Groundbreaking scientific experiments,
inventions, and discoveries through the ages.
Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.
Childress, D. H. (2000). Technology of the gods:
the incredible sciences of the ancients. Kempton,
Ill: Adventures Unlimited Press.
Landels, J. G. (2000). Engineering in the ancient
world. Berkeley: University of California Press.
James, P., & Thorpe, N. (1995). Ancient
inventions. New York: Ballantine Books.
Hodges, H. (1992). Technology in the ancient
world. New York: Barnes & Noble.
National Geographic Society (U.S.). (1986).
Builders of the ancient world: marvels of
engineering. Washington, D.C.: The Society.
American Ceramic Society, Kingery, W. D.,
& Lense, E. (1985). Ancient technology to
modern science. Ceramics and civilization,
v. 1. Columbus, Ohio: American Ceramic
Society.
Brown, M. (1966). On the theory and
measurement of technological change.
Cambridge: Cambridge U.P.
Forbes, R. J. (1964). Studies in ancient
About Ancient History
GRACE C. DUNGOG
‘Revolutions in the ancient world’ begins with
the revolutions from the pharaohs to Greece
and Rome. For Plato and Aristotle, the cause of
revolutions was social injustice. In practice,
many Greek city-states underwent several
revolutions as popular and oligarchic factions
fought for power. The glories of Rome also
have their roots in an ancient revolution. When
Octavian gained sole power in “The Roman
Revolution,” he created the political
framework for the Roman Empire.
Bureaucratic-agrarian empires often
experienced peasant uprisings and regional
rebellions, but underwent dynastic cycles
rather than experiencing revolutions.
Exceptions were the Abbasid Revolution in the
early Islamic Empire and Maccabean
Revolution in 164 BCE, which still influence
modern-day politics.
During the time period of ancient history, the
world population was already exponentially
increasing due to the Neolithic Revolution,
which was in full progress. While in 10,000
BC, the world population stood at 2 million, it
rose to 45 million by 3,000 BC. By the Iron
Age in 1000 BC, the population had risen to 72
million. By the end of the ancient period in AD
500, the world population is thought to have
stood at 209 million. In 10,500 years, the
Historically, the concept of revolution was
seen as a very destructive force, from ancient
Greece to the European Middle Ages. The
ancient Greeks saw revolution as a possibility
only after the decay of the fundamental moral
and religious tenets of society. Plato believed
that a constant, firmly entrenched code of
beliefs could prevent revolution. Aristotle
elaborated on this concept, concluding that if a
culture’s basic value system is tenuous, the
society will be vulnerable to revolution. Any
radical alteration in basic values or beliefs
provides the ground for a revolutionary
upheaval.
Ancient history is a time period from the
beginning of writing and recorded human
history to as far as late antiquity. The span of
recorded history is roughly 5,000 years,
beginning with the Sumerian cuneiform script.
Ancient history covers all continents inhabited
by humans in the period 3000 BC – AD 500.
During the Middle Ages, the maintenance of
the established beliefs and forms of
government remained the priority. Much
attention was given to finding means of
combating revolution and stifling changes in
society. Religious authority was so strong and
its belief in the maintenance of order so
fundamental that the church directed people to
accept the inequities of power.
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ANCIENT
STORY
world population increased by 100 times.

CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER II

HEADLINES/NEWS FEATURES OPINION AND

ANCIENT REVOLUTION POLITICS
AERON JOSH BARGA
JHON MARK COLMO

HEADLINES:
Mesopotamian City-State
Under Threat from Rival
Kingdom
The city-state of Ur, located in southern
Mesopotamia, is under threat from a rival
kingdom to the north. According to reports,
the kingdom of Akkad, led by the ambitious
ruler Sargon, has been amassing troops and
preparing for an invasion of Ur. While the
city's leaders are taking steps to bolster their
defenses, many fear that they may not be
In times of weak emperors, strong empresses
able to withstand the might of the Akkadian MESOPOTAMIAN CITY influenced their husbands, often dictating policy
army. through him. The empress Lü was married to
Gaozu (256-195 BCE), first emperor of the
Han. When Gaozu died and their son was too
HEADLINES: young to take over, Lü became the empress
dowager, ruling for a child emperor, even
Pharaoh Unveils New though she never took the title of emperor.
Monument to the Gods Something similar happened in Egypt, when
Hatshepsut (1507-1458 BCE) began as a regent
Pharaoh Khufu has announced the for the child emperor Thutmose III. By 1478
completion of a magnificent new monument she had taken the title of king and ruled over
Egypt's new empire until her death in 1458. To
to the gods, located on the banks of the Nile.
rule in Egypt, Hatshepsut had to present herself
The structure, known as the Great Pyramid, as a man. In art she is shown as a male figure.
is the largest and most impressive of its kind, Ancient graffiti near her tomb makes it clear
standing over 140 meters tall and that not everyone was happy with having a
constructed from over 2 million blocks of
stone. According to Pharaoh Khufu, the
pyramid is a testament to the power and
greatness of the gods, and a symbol of
Egypt's prosperity and strength.
KING PHAROAH MONUMENT

HEADLINES:
Olmec Civilization Reveals
Secrets of Mesoamerican
Astronomy
woman as emperor.

The Olmec civilization, which dominates the Empires have used many different strategies to
Gulf coast region of Mesoamerica, has made ensure loyalty in the periphery—some more
a major breakthrough in the study of brutal than others. The Han Empire of China
astronomy. Using their advanced knowledge created commanderies (administrative districts)
of mathematics and celestial observation, the to manage its peripheries. Based on a code of
Olmec have developed a sophisticated laws, these commanderies allowed for more
efficient administration and taxation while
system of calendars and predictions, which
establishing peace and order. In its early period,
they use to guide their religious and
the Roman Empire preferred to allow peripheral
agricultural practices. The discovery has areas to be run by vassal kings. Although vassal
cemented the Olmec's reputation as one of means "subordinate", these kings would be
the most advanced and scientifically minded recognized as independent rulers, who would
civilizations of their time. just happen to do whatever the Romans wanted.

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MARCH 20, 2023 / / MONDAY / / 2000311370
ANCIENT
STORY
Eventually, the periphery of the Roman Empire
was placed in the hands of bureaucrats loyal to
the emperor.

CHATPER III

ANCIENT REVOLUTION:
ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT GRACE C. DUNGOG

Paleolithic Art (c.2,500,000 – 10,000

BCE)
The earliest art of prehistory, created during the Lower
Paleolithic Age, is the Bhimbetka Petroglyphs, found in the
Auditorium cave in Central India and dated to at least 290,000
BCE. Next oldest is the Venus of Berekhat Ram (c.230,000
BCE) discovered on the Golan Heights, and the Venus of Tan-
Tan (c.200,000), discovered in Morocco. Also, stone
engravings have been found at the Blombos Cave in South
Africa dating from 70,000 BCE. The first type of so-called
"cave art", is the cave painting in Cantabria, as exemplified by
the abstract El Castillo cave paintings dated to 39,000 BCE.

Mesolithic Art (c.10,000-4,000 BCE)

Artworks created by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers
include petroglyphs, stylized cave paintings, hand stencils - as
in the Cave of Hands (Cueva de las Manos) (7,000 BCE) in
Argentina - body adornments like bracelets as well as
functional objects like paddles and weapons. These types
of Mesolithic art have been located in many different areas
Egyptian Art (from 3100 BCE) around the world, including the Waterberg area in Africa, the
Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka in India, Arnhem Land in
Australia. Jomon pottery, an early exemplar of Japanese
Ancient Egypt is most famous for its monumental Egyptian
Art also emerged during the early Mesolithic.
Architecture (c.3000 BCE - 160 CE), and its associated Egyptian sculpture. It
is also the first civilization with a recognizable style of art. In paintings, artists
depicted the head, legs and feet of their human subjects in profile, while
portraying the eye, shoulders, arms and torso from the front. Other conventions
dictated how Gods, Pharaohs and ordinary people should be portrayed, and
regulated the size, colour and figurative positions of these images accordingly.
Women were painted with fair skin, men with dark skin. Much of Egyptian
art in tombs and temples (hieroglyphs, papyrus scrolls, murals, panel
paintings and sculptures) reflects religious themes, especially those concerning
the afterlife. In modern times, a number of outstanding Egyptian encaustic wax
paintings, known as the Fayum Mummy portraits, dating from 50 CE, have
been found preserved in coffins. These pictures offer a fascinating glimpse into
ART &
the styles, customs and culture of the day. ENTERTAINMENT
GRACE C. DUNGOG
Classical Greek Art (500-323 BCE)
Before the beginning of the sixth century BCE, there is Archaic Greek Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
painting, and Archaic Style Greek Sculpture. From 500 BCE, Athens was the adipi- scing elit. Fusce vel laoreet orci.
strongest of the Greek city states, a position it maintained for the next few In eget auctor mi. Maecenas ipsum
centuries. During the 5th century BCE, Greece witnessed a creative
Renaissance - exemplified by the architecture and sculpture of the Parthenon - purus, imperdiet ullamcor- per quam sit
which, when rediscovered by Renaissance Europe 2000 years later, became the amet, malesuada semper sem. Duis elit
absolute artistic standard for another four centuries. Most original Greek quam, sagittis sed justo at, condimentum
architecture, painting and Greek sculpture have been destroyed, but its genius porttitor velit. Vivamus rutrum a enim
survives through Roman copies and Greek Pottery. Among the foremost eget molestie. Sed pharetra diam metus,
sculptors were Polykleitos, Myron, and Phidias. Polykleitos, in particular, was id ornare dolor lobortis quis. Integer
renowned for his mastery of contrapposto. Classical Greek painting is rather
scarce, sculpture less so, which is why art historians tend to subdivide gravida, ipsum non venenatis pretium,
sculptures from this era into early classical, high classical and late classical. elit mauris ultrices neque, quis tincidunt
period. The Greek grasp of linear perspective and naturalist representation arcu velit sed dolor. Suspendisse non
remained unsurpassed until the Italian Renaissance. lacus at orci hendrerit tincidunt. Quisque
consequat faucibus luctus. Ut sollicitudin
arcu mauris, non dictum est viverra vitae.

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CHAPTER VI
SPORTS NEWS
JIREY KIRK MUTIA
The ancient people were lovers of sport and taught
it to their children at school. Ancient sports
included numerous contests that are still held in
the current Olympics, including running, jumping,
discus throwing, javelin throwing, wrestling, the
pankration, boxing, and equestrian. Sporting
competitions took place regularly as part of
religious festivals. Sporting competitions took
place regularly as part of religious festivals.
Wrestling As a weaponless form of military
exercise, wrestling was highly prized. It won't end
until one of the competitors conceded defeat.
ANCIENT
STORY
Proin dolor massa, aliquet sit amet
pharetra quis, efficitur a massa. Praesent
dolor tortor, feugiat id porttitor sce
JUMPING Weights called halteres, made of
stone or lead, were used by athletes to extend
their jumps. When their flight was over, they
held onto the weights and then ejected them
backwards.
DISCUS THROW Stone was first used to make
the discus, and then iron, lead, or bronze. The
method was very similar to the freestyle discus
throw of today.
BOXING To boost their wrists and stabilize
their fingers, boxers wrapped straps (called
himantes) around their hands. These straps were
initially soft, but as time went on, boxers began
to use hard leather straps, frequently disfiguring
their opponent's face.
PANKRATION This was a primitive martial
art that combined wrestling and boxing; it was
regarded as one of the most challenging sports.
Greeks thought that Theseus, who had
vanquished the vicious Minotaur in the
labyrinth, had founded it.
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ANCIENT
STORY
CHAPTER V

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

IAN VILLAVICENCIO & PAUL ANDRE CUEVAS

The history of technology is the history of the invention of tools and

techniques and is one of the categories of world history. Technology
can refer to methods ranging from as simple as stone tools to the
complex genetic engineering and information technology that has
emerged since the 1980s. The term technology comes from the Greek
word techne, meaning art and craft, and the word logos, meaning word
and speech. It was first used to describe applied arts, but it is now used
to describe advancements and changes which affect the environment
around us.[1]
New knowledge has also enabled people to create new things, and
conversely, many scientific endeavors are made possible
by technologies which assist humans in traveling to places they could
not previously reach, and by scientific instruments by which we study
nature in more detail than our natural senses allow.
Since much of technology is applied science, technical history is
connected to the history of science. Since technology uses resources,
technical history is tightly connected to economic history. From
those resources, technology produces other resources,
including technological artifacts used in everyday life. Technological
change affects, and is affected by, a society's cultural traditions. It is a
force for economic growth and a means to develop and project
economic, political, military power and wealth.

CHAPTER VI

HEALTH & BEAUTY

RAYMOND DURIAS Civilizations have used cosmetics – though not
always recognizable compared to today’s
advanced products – for centuries in religious
rituals, to enhance beauty, and to promote good
health. Cosmetics usage throughout history can
be indicative of a civilization’s practical
concerns, such as protection from the sun,
indication of class, or conventions of beauty.
The timeline below represents a brief history of
cosmetics, beginning with the Ancient Egyptians
in 10,000 BCE through modern developments in
the United States. OLIVE OILS

Cosmetics are an integral part of Egyptian Olive trees were abundant in ancient Greek.
hygiene and health. Men and women in Egypt Naturally, olives and the oil made from them
use scented oils and ointments to clean and were a staple in this culture. Olives were first
soften their skin and mask body odor. Oils and used to produce fragrant oils, but soon enough
creams are used for protection against the hot the Greeks noticed its manifold benefits and
Egyptian sun and dry winds. Myrrh, thyme, started incorporating it in cuisine, as a
marjoram, chamomile, lavender, lily, pharmaceutical and a cosmetic product.
peppermint, rosemary, cedar, rose, aloe, olive It has been used as a skin-care product for over
oil, sesame oil, and almond oil provide the 5,000 years and the ancient Greek men and
basic ingredients of most perfumes Egyptians women were not the only ones to swear by its
use in religious rituals. benefits. Egyptians, Phoenicians and Romans
all used them as a skin cleanser and natural
moisturizer. Rich in vitamin E, olive oil still
abounds in many contemporary cosmetic
products not only for skin, but also nails and
hair.

The ancient Greeks were known as the big

admirers of physical beauty and health and
PAGE 5
persistently sought for ways to improve
their looks. The word cosmetics originates
from the Greek word “kosmetikos” which
MARCH 20, 2023 / / MONDAY / / 2000311370
SEA SALT
SAFFRON OIL -----CLEOPATRA AND THE DEAD SEA-----
CHAPTER VII
EDITORIAL ARTICLES
IAN GLEEN LIMPANGOG
As we look back at the events that have shaped our world, it's natural to
wonder what the future holds. While we can never be certain about what
lies ahead, we can learn from the past and use that knowledge to make
informed predictions about what could happen in the future. One area of
particular interest is ancient history. Throughout the centuries, we have
seen the rise and fall of great civilizations, each with its own unique
culture, beliefs, and achievements. By studying these societies, we can
gain insights into the factors that led to their success or failure and apply
those lessons to our own lives. One possible outcome is that we may see
a revival of ancient values and ideals. In recent years, there has been a
growing interest in ancient philosophies and spiritual practices such as
Stoicism, Buddhism, and Taoism.
These traditions offer a different perspective on life, emphasizing the
importance of inner peace, self-reflection, and compassion. As we
continue to face the challenges of the modern world, it's possible that
more people will turn to these ancient teachings for guidance and
inspiration. By embracing the values and ideals of ancient civilizations,
we may be able to create a more harmonious and fulfilling society.
Another possibility is that we may see a resurgence of interest in ancient
technologies and techniques. Throughout history, ancient civilizations
were responsible for many groundbreaking innovations, from the
invention of the wheel to the construction of the Pyramids.
ANCIENT
STORY
Today we faced with new challenges such as climate change and
resource depletion, and we may need to look to the past for solutions.
For example, the ancient Greeks were skilled at designing sustainable
cities that relied on renewable energy sources such as wind and solar
power. Similarly, the Mayans were able to create complex irrigation
systems that allowed them to farm in otherwise inhospitable
environments. By studying and adapting these ancient techniques, we
may be able to create a more sustainable and resilient future. However,
it's also possible that we may repeat the mistakes of the past.
Throughout history, civilizations have risen and fallen due to a variety
of factors such as war, disease, and environmental degradation. Today,
we are facing many of the same challenges that our ancestors faced, and
it's possible that we may make the same mistakes.
For example, the collapse of the Roman Empire was partly due to a
combination of political corruption, economic instability, and
environmental degradation. Similarly, the decline of the Mayan
civilization was caused by a combination of factors including drought,
overpopulation, and political instability. If we do not take steps to
address these issues, we may be doomed to repeat the same mistakes. In
conclusion, there are many possible outcomes for the future based on
our current understanding of ancient history. By learning from the past,
we can make informed decisions about how to create a better future.
Whether we choose to embrace the values and traditions of ancient
civilizations, adapt their technologies and techniques, or avoid their
mistakes, the choices we make today will shape the world of tomorrow.
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ANCIENT
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When Ancient History become our Life’s Story.

CHAPTER VIII

EDITORIAL CARTOONS
CHRISTIAN L. BALANSAG
In art history, the word cartoon is a noun or
verb tracing to the Renaissance, deriving
from the Italian word la carta for paper or
map. An artist made a full-scale preparatory
sketch, or cartoon, for any medium:
sculpture, tapestry, mosaic, stained glass
work, or painting. Michelangelo made
cartoons before painting the Sistine Chapel
ceiling in Rome.

“I’d Almost Forgotten You”

November 5, 1917

As World War I raged, Government

officials had little time to think about local
and state elections. In this cartoon, the god
of war looks on while Uncle Sam peruses
reports on the war. A small, “Campaign almost Brick”
overlooked figure, representing the voter,
September 26, 1908
interrupts Uncle Sam with a reminder of the
impending November elections.
Accusations and scandal characterized the
1908 congressional and Presidential
campaigns. In this cartoon, the flying
“Archbold” and “Foraker” bricks refer to an
Again with
election scandal in which Senator JosephanB.incisive and cynical view,
Foraker was accused of taking bribes from cartoon exposes the flaw
this 1907 political
of in Philippine
Standard Oil Vice President John D.colonial democracy. Parties
rise and fall not with the people’s will but
Archbold. Foraker subsequently lost his
from the colonialists’ favor or disfavor.
reelection bid. Uncle Sam ignores
Uncle Samthe bricks
saddles adles out generous
and focuses on a more portions
positive ofsubject:
potage to the Federalistas while
baseball. The Washington theNationals had anxiously wait their turn
Nacionalistas PAGE 7
at the lurean
just defeated the Cleveland Naps in two ( Lipag kalabaw, 24 August
straight games. 1907)