Ministry of Education

Kandahar Shah Hussain Hotak Af-

Turk Marif School
Department of Biology
8th class

Classification of living things

1st lesson

Teacher; Mohibullah Mohabbat

Date; 2022,9,12
1
.

2
3
 Classification ‫طبقه بندي‬
Putting living things into groups according to some common
characteristics is called classification.

• Taxonomy ‫تکسانومي‬

Taxis = arrangement

Nomus = law

Taxonomy involve the classification and naming of living beings.

4
 Importance of classification:

• It help to understand the general characteristics of organisms.

• Study and identify organisms so easily.
• It help scientists to understand the relationship between organisms.

Systematics
Study the determination of relations of organisms.

5
 History of classification

• People in the previous time classified living beings according to

usefulness and uselessness, like; Sheep= useful & insets= harmful

• In 4th century BCE; Aristole conducted a study, his classification system

was artificial classification, based on physical characteristics.

6
 Aristole system

Aristotle. system

Plants Animals

Soft stems
Air dwellers
(herbs)

Several woody Land dwellers

stems (shrubs)

One woody stem Water dwellers

(trees) 7
 Theophstus classification
• Was the student of Aristole, classified plant based on size and structure.

(herbs)
(shrubs)
(tress)

8
 )Research
CarolusMethodology
Linnaeus classification
( ‫د څېړين کړنالره‬

Swedish botanists Carolus Linnaeus 1707-1778; used more scientific way

for classification.
He used two ways to classify living things;
• He grouped living things according to the similarities in their structures,
(hierarchial classification system).
• He gave a two word
(Binomial nomenclature- two
names naming system) latin name
in each species.

9
 The hierarchy of taxonomic categories
• The Linnaen system of classification consist of hierarchy (biological
hierarchy means “the systemic organization of organisms into level) of
grouping, called taxa (singular-taxon).
• From species to domain
Number of organisms & diversity
Similarities

10
11
12
 Binomial system

This system was developed by Carolus Linnaeus; 9th century.

A species has two parts of a name, 1st= genus 2nd= species
Ex; Crocus pestalozzae
Genus species

Ex; Punica granatum

genus species

Ex; Pisum sativum

genus species 13
 Rules of binomial nomenclature

• The genus name begins with capital and species name with small letters.
• Writing in computer should be italic, but writing with hand should
underlined.
• There must be no two names for one living beings.

14
Thanks from your attention!

15
Questions?

16