02-06-2023

02-JUNE-2023

The Hindu News Analysis – 2nd June 2023 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

1
U.S. puts diplomatic pressure as Serbs rally in north 15 15 15 21 11
Kosovo

2
U.S. slaps sanctions on Sudan rival factions as 15 15 15 21 11
ceasefire crumbles

3 At the root of India’s manufacturing challenge 10 10 8 12 6

T&C T&C T&C T&C

4 Who should own the world’s lithium? III V
10
III III

*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram

 02-06-2023

The Hindu News Analysis – 2nd June 2023 – Shankar IAS Academy
S. Page Number*
News Articles
No. C B D H T

5
Will adopt the traditions and culture of T.N. and live 6 - - - -
as one among you, says Madras HC Chief Justice

6
‘Half of electricity to be from renewable sources by 14 14 14 16 10
2027’

7 Prelims Practice Questions

@ end of the video

8 Mains Practice Questions

*C – Chennai; B – Bengaluru; D – Delhi; H – Hyderabad; T – Thiruvananthapuram

Pg: 11 - T;
Pg: 15 – C, B, D;
Pg: 21 – H;
 02-06-2023

Conflict between Serbia and Kosavo • Latest flare-up

• Kosovo declared independence from Serbia Ethnic Albanian mayors moved into their
(2008) offices in the northern part of Kosovo.

• Serbia does not recognize Kosovo as a Clashes between Serbs and Kosovo's riot
separate country police.

• Kosovo – Albanian Vs Serbs History of the conflict

• Kosovo - Part of Serbia’s history and religion.

• Serbian Orthodox Christian monasteries in

Kosovo.

• Ethnic Albanian (Kosovo) - accuse Serbia of

occupation and repression.

Eg: The Mitrovica town is divided into

ethnic Albanian and Serb-held parts.

Resolving the conflict

• European Union mediated negotiations

between Serbia and Kosovo.

Main Players

• Nationalist leaders from both sides.

Kosovo - Albin Kurti, a former student

protest leader.

Serbia - President Aleksandar Vucic,

believes in compromise for lasting peace.
 02-06-2023

Practice Questions – Prelims

Q. How many of the following countries share
borders with Serbia?
1. Bosnia and Herzegovina
2. Croatia
3. Hungary
4. Romania
5. Bulgaria
6. North Macedonia
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
a) Three only
b) Four only
c) Five only
d) All Six

Pg: 11 - T;
Pg: 15 – C, B, D;
Pg: 21 – H;
 02-06-2023

Geography of Sudan
Ongoing Sudan crisis

• Infighting between 2 rival groups

Sudan army - General Abdel-Fattah Burhan.

Rapid Support Forces (RSF) - General

Mohammed Hamdan Dagalo (Hemedti).

Causes

• October 2021 - Burhan took control

of civilian Govt of Sudan in a military coup

Supported by Dagalo.

• Military coup - sudden, violent &

unlawful seizure of power from a government.

• Since October 2021 - Sudan has been run

Spark of the crisis
by a council of military generals.
• Disagreement over the integration of RSF
• July 2022 - Burhan announcement
into Sudan military - as part of transition
Withdrawal from political talks & support towards civilian rule.
to formation of civilian government.
Dagalo - demands Burhan to include RSF
into the Sudan Army.

Burhan - not agreeing to the demands

of Dagalo.

• Power struggle between 2 leaders

Result - ongoing crisis in Sudan.

• Crisis - started from April mid onwards

and still going on.
 02-06-2023

Ceasefire arrangement

• Brokered by U.S. & Saudi - between 2

leaders.

• Failure - air strikes killed 18 civilians

Result - U.S announced sanctions on

Sudanese leaders.

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following countries:
1. Djibouti
2. Eritrea
3. Uganda
4. Libya
5. Chad
How many of the above-mentioned countries
share a land border with Sudan?
(a) Only two
(b) Only three
(c) Only four
(d) All five
 02-06-2023

Pg: 6 – T;
Pg: 8 – D:
Pg: 10 – C, B;
Pg: 12 - H;

Story of Growth
Part A—Preliminary Examination
• Conventional approach
Paper I - (200 marks)
Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Primary sector to industrial growth to
Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social service sector boom
Sector Initiatives, etc.
Part B—Main Examination
• India

PAPER-IV Service led growth - Skipping to the

General Studies ‐ III: Technology, Economic Development, service sector phase
Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster
Management • Government actions did not yield results

Indian Economy and issues relating to Planning, In 1991 - Tariffs reduced, and license
Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development and
permit raj dismantled.
Employment.
Effects of Liberalization on the Economy, Changes in • Manufacturing sector size – No improvement
Industrial Policy and their Effects on Industrial Growth.
• Range and quality of products - Improvement
 02-06-2023

• 2014 - "Make in India" campaign Public investment - an 18.5% rise in capital

expenditure (Union Budget 2023-24)
• 2021 - Production-Linked Incentive scheme
Addressing the Demand side
Reasons for stagnant growth of Manufacturing
• Consider the demand side of the equation
• Manufacturing growth was only 1.3% (2022-23)
• Working of demand side
• Data indicates
Household demand for manufactured goods
Impact of demonetization
follows the fulfillment of basic needs.
Structural obstacles in manufacturing sector
• A strong negative correlation between per
• Policy initiatives favoring the corporate capita income and the share of food in
sector did not work household expenditure.

Tax rate reductions in 2019 • India has the largest share of food
expenditure and the lowest GDP per capita.
Improvement in the ease of doing business.

Exploring other options

Inexpensive power
• Exports
adequate space
Smaller countries in East Asia have
successfully used this export-oriented Efficient industrial waste disposal services

approach Education

• Requires competitive edge PISA – India ranked 73rd among 74

Infrastructure (production cost) countries

Skilled workforce (type of product) Reading ability and numeracy skills of

Indian children are lower
• Challenges
Concerns about the employability of Indian
Infrastructure – Eg: companies located in
graduates.
northern India struggle to reach seaports
Neglect of vocational training institutes
 02-06-2023

Practice Question – Mains

GS III
Q. India’s economic development is largely
service oriented. In this context, what are
the structural obstacles holding back the
manufacturing sector in India?
(250 words, 15 marks)

Text & Context

Pg: III - C, H, T;
Pg: V - B;
Pg: 10 – D;
 02-06-2023

Lithium
Part A — Preliminary Examination
Paper I - (200 marks) • Alkali metal.

• Atomic number of Lithium: 3.

Current events of national and international
• Rarely found in earth’s crust.
importance.
Economic and Social Development - Sustainable • Found in minerals and salts - High
Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, reactivity.
Social Sector Initiatives, etc.
• Used in manufacturing of batteries
Part B — Main Examination
PAPER - IV • High power to weight ratio.

General Studies - III: Technology, Economic

Development, Bio diversity, Environment, Security
and Disaster Management.
• Indian Economy and issues relating to planning,
mobilization, of resources, growth, development
and employment.

Status of Indian Lithium Industry

• Imported - 450 million units of Lithium • Union government can prevent the private
battery worth Rs. 6,600 crores in 20219 -20. players from engaging in mining of sensitive
minerals.
• New lithium reserves – can reduce imports.
Government hasn’t allowed private players
• Access and control over - Lithium and Cobalt
in uranium extraction under the Atomic
will provide an upper hand in geo- politics.
Energy act, 1962.
Ownership
Distribution of Lithium
• Supreme Court ruling:
• Lithium Reserves:
Owner of the land has rights to everything
Chile – 9.3 million metric tonnes.
which is found upto center of the earth.
Australia - 6.2 million metric tonnes.
• 22% of land mass is under – Indian
government.
 02-06-2023

• Lithium Reserves:

Australia - 61,000 metric tonnes.

Chile • Pollution of air and water.

China. CO2 emissions.

Issues in Lithium Mining: Water – Chemicals and Heavy metals

contamination.
• Requires a huge amount of water.
• Social Displacement.
Extraction of 1 tonne of lithium requires
about 5,00,000 liters of water. • Large quantities of mineral wastes –
produced.
Chile’s Salar de Atacama - loss of about 65%
of the water.

• Requires a large amount of electricity.

Practice Question – Mains

GS – III
Q. Lithium extraction is a Pandora box, it will
be beneficial to the country but at the
same time it will also adversely affect the
environment. In this light enlist the issues
associated with the Lithium extraction.
(150 words, 10 marks)
 02-06-2023

Pg: 6 - C;

Chief Justice of the High Court Appointment of High Court Judges

Qualification
The Constitution Of India
• Article 217 (2) - a person should be a
Article 217 - Appointment and conditions of
citizen of India
the office of a Judge of a High Court
He/she should have held a judicial office
1) Every Judge of a High Court shall be
in the territory of India for at least ten appointed by the President by warrant under
years. his hand and seal after consultation with the
Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the
He/she should have been an advocate of a
State, and, in the case of appointment of a
High Court or of two or more such Courts
Judge other than the chief Justice, the chief
in succession for at least ten years. Justice of the High court.
 02-06-2023

Appointment process

Proposal for appointment of CJ of a

HC - initiated by CJI.
• Second Judges case (1993) - SC’ ruling

Appointment of a judge of the HC shall be

CJI consults with 2 senior- most
made based on the opinion of CJI.
Judges of the Supreme Court.
• Third Judges case (1998) - SC’s ruling

In case of the appointment of HC judges,

CJI will send the proposal to the
the CJI should consult a collegium of 2
Union Ministry of Law & Justice.
senior-most judges of the Supreme Court.

Ministry of Law & Justice - obtain

views of concerned State Government.

Ministry of Law & Justice submit Practice Question – Prelims

proposals to the Prime Minister
Q. Consider the following statements:
1. The Chief Justice of the High court is
PM advise the President as to the
appointed by the President of India based
selection. on the recommendations of 5 member
Collegium of the Supreme court.
2. A distinguished jurist in the opinion of the
President can also be appointed as the
Approval by the President Judge of the High court.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
Department of Justice - announces
(a) 1 only
appointment & issue notification in the
(b) 2 only
Gazette of India. (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
 02-06-2023

Pg: 10 - T;
Pg: 14 – C, B, D;
Pg: 16 – H;

Central Electricity Authority

Important functions of the CEA
• Statutory body - constituted under
• It advises the government on matters relating
Section 70 of the Electricity Act, 2003.
to the National Electricity Policy (NEP).
• Objective - to ensure reliable 24×7
• CEA formulates short-term & perspective plans
adequate quality of power supply to all
- development of electricity systems.
consumers in the country.
• It specifies technical standards & safety
Composition
requirements - construction of electrical
• 14 members - including chairperson plants, electric lines & connectivity to grid.

8 members shall be full-time members. • It assists in the timely completion of schemes

• Appointment - Central Government. & projects - for improving & augmenting

electricity system.
• Chairperson - Chief Executive of CEA.
 02-06-2023

National Electricity Plan (NEP) Projections of NEP 2022-32

• CEA notified National Electricity Plan (NEP) • India peak electricity demand
for 2022-32 2026-27 - 277.2 GW.
Review of last 5 years - 2017-22. 2031-32 - 366.4 GW.
Detailed plan - 2022-27. • Installed capacity
Prospective plan - 2027-32. 2026-27 - 609,591 MW.
• NEP - outlines targets & actions for the 2031-32 - 900,422 MW.
development of electricity systems.
• Non-fossil-based capacity
• Target of NEP 2022-32 - to increase
2026-27 - 57.4%
India’s installed electricity capacity (50%
from renewable sources). 2031-32 - 68.4%

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements about the
Central Electricity Authority (CEA):
1. It is a statutory body constituted under the
Electricity act, 2003.
2. It regulates the tariff of power generating
companies that are owned or controlled by
the Central Government.
3. It specifies the technical standards for
construction of electrical plants, electric
lines and connectivity to the grid.
How many of the above statements are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) Only three
(d) None
 02-06-2023

Practice Questions – Prelims

Q. How many of the following countries share
borders with Serbia?
1. Bosnia and Herzegovina
2. Croatia
3. Hungary
4. Romania
5. Bulgaria
6. North Macedonia
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
a) Three only
b) Four only
c) Five only
d) All Six
 02-06-2023

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements about the
Central Electricity Authority (CEA):
1. It is a statutory body constituted under the
Electricity act, 2003.
2. It regulates the tariff of power generating
companies that are owned or controlled by
the Central Government.
3. It specifies the technical standards for
construction of electrical plants, electric
lines and connectivity to the grid.
How many of the above statements are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) Only three
(d) None

Practice Question – Prelims

Q. Consider the following statements:
1. The Chief Justice of the High court is
appointed by the President of India based
on the recommendations of 5 member
Collegium of the Supreme court.
2. A distinguished jurist in the opinion of the
President can also be appointed as the
Judge of the High court.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
 02-06-2023

Quiz Question – 02/06/2023

Q. Consider the following countries:
1. Djibouti
2. Eritrea
3. Uganda
4. Libya
5. Chad
How many of the above-mentioned countries
share a land border with Sudan?
(a) Only two
(b) Only three
(c) Only four
(d) All five

Practice Question – Mains

Practice Question – Mains
GS – III
GS III
Q. Lithium extraction is a Pandora box, it will
Q. Q. India’s economic development is
be beneficial to the country but at the
largely service oriented. In this context,
same time it will also adversely affect the
what are the structural obstacles holding
environment. In this light enlist the issues
back the manufacturing sector in India?
associated with the Lithium extraction.
(250 words, 15 marks)
(150 words, 10 marks)