PODAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Pre Board 2 (2022-23)

Grade: X Maximum Marks: 80
Subject: Social Science Answer Scheme Duration: 3 hours

● Please check that this question paper contains printed pages + map
General Instructions:
i. Question paper comprises Six Sections – A, B, C, D, E and F. There are 37 questions
in the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
ii. Section A – Question no. 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
iii. Section B – Question no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2
marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words.
iv. Section C – Question no. 25 to 29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3
marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
v. Section D – Question no. 30 to 33 are Long Answer Type Questions, carrying 5
marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
vi. Section E – Question no. 34 to 36 are Case-based questions with three sub
questions and are of 4 marks each.
vii. Section F – Question no. 37 is Map-based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37.1
from History (2 marks) and 37.2 from Geography (3 marks).
viii. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has
been provided in few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions has to
be attempted.
ix. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question,
wherever necessary.

SECTION A
Multiple Choice Questions (1X20=20)

1. Which of the following statements is incorrect about ‘Globalisation’? 1 E/U

A. It is the process of rapid integration between the countries.
B. It is spread of investments and technology between the
countries.
C. It is the introduction of trade restrictions by the
government.
D. It is the movement of more goods and services between the
countries.
Globalisation and the Indian Economy – Tb pg. no. 62

2. Identify the soil with the help of the following information. 1 G/An
Made up of extremely fine clayey material.
Rich in nutrients and good moisture holding capacity.
Develops deep cracks during hot weather.
Ideal for growing cotton.

CB/X/2022-23 Pre Board 2 Page 1 of 18

 Options:
A. Red soil
B. Black soil
C. Arid soil
D. Laterite soil
Resources and Development – Tb pg. no. 8, 10

3. How did the leaders of Belgium accommodate the diverse linguistic 1 DP/An
communities in Belgium?
A. With an official document made between the majority and
minority groups through voting.
B. By establishing a unitary style of government.
C. By making amendments in the Belgium Constitution.
D. By forcing the minority group to accept and acknowledge the
dominance of the majority groups.
Power Sharing – Tb pg. no. 4

4. Study the given picture and answer the question that follows. 1 DP/Ap

Which one of the following options best signifies this cartoon?

A. Democratic Government accepts demands based on separate
state.
B. Democratic Government is coping with multiple pressures
through accommodation.
C. Democratic Government is facing territorial issues with the
bordering states.
D. Demand for separate state from Democratic Government.
Outcomes of Democracy – Tb pg. no. 90

5. Sneha gave her friends three clues about a mineral. 1 G/An

CB/X/2022-23 Pre Board 2 Page 2 of 18

 The mineral is the basic raw material for the cement industry.
It is found in association with rocks composed of calcium
carbonates and magnesium carbonates.
It is found in sedimentary rocks of most geological formations.
What mineral is being referred to by Sneha?
A. Limestone
B. Iron ore
C. Copper
D. Mica
Minerals and Energy Resources – Tb pg. no. 54

6. Match Column A with Column B and choose the correct answer from 1 DP/An
the options given below.
Column A Column B
I. Concurrent list a. Computer software
II. Union list b. Irrigation
III. State list c. Trade union
IV. Residuary subject d. Banking
A. I – c, II – d, III – b, IV – a
B. I – d, II – b, III – a, IV – c
C. I – c, II – a, III – d, IV – b
D. I – a, II – d, III – b, IV – c
Federalism – Tb pg. no. 16, 17

7. Which of the following was NOT a function of ‘trade guilds’? 1 H/U

A. They trained craftspeople.
B. They maintained control over production.
C. They regulated competition and prices.
D. They produced metal goods.
The Age of Industrialisation – Tb pg. no. 81

8. Which of the following statements is true about the Great 1 H/An

Depression?
I. Agricultural regions and communities were the worst
affected.
II. India’s export doubled and the peasants benefitted the
most.
III. Increased employment.
Options:
A. Only I
B. Only III
C. Both I and II
D. Both I and III
CB/X/2022-23 Pre Board 2 Page 3 of 18
 The Making of a Global World – Tb pg. no. 71, 72

9. Which of the following newspapers was started by Bal Gangadhar 1 H/R

Tilak?
A. Kesari
B. Jansatta
C. Statesman
D. Amrita Bazar Patrika
Print Culture and the Modern World – Tb pg. no. 127

10. Read the given statements on the Non-cooperation Movement. 1 H/An

Which of the following statements are correct in terms of the
movement?
I. Gandhiji convinced other leaders to start this movement in
support of Khilafat and swaraj.
II. The movement was started with the middle-class participation
in the cities and with peasants and tribal groups in the
countryside.
III. The movement was started by boycotting civil services, army,
police, courts and legislative councils, schools, and foreign
goods.
IV. The movement was adopted in a session of All India Conference
of Parties.
Options:
A. Both I and IV
B. Only I, II and III
C. Only II, III and IV
D. All I, II, III and IV
Nationalism in India – Tb pg. no. 33, 34

11. Which one of the following is the correct meaning of ‘Average 1 E/U
Income’?
A. The total income of the country divided by its earning
population.
B. The total income of all the residents of the country.
C. The total income of the country divided by its total
population.
D. The total income from the domestic and foreign sources.
Development – Tb pg. no. 8

12. Which of the following correctly defines the term ‘Feminist’? 1 DP/U
A. A person who believes that religion is the principal basis of
community.
CB/X/2022-23 Pre Board 2 Page 4 of 18
 B. A person who believes in equal rights and opportunities
for women and men.
C. A person who believes that caste is the principal basis of
community.
D. A person who does not discriminate others on the basis of
religious beliefs.
Gender, Religion and Caste – Tb pg. no. 41

13. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as 1 DP/An
Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the
correct option.
Assertion (A): The distrust between Sinhalese and Tamil
communities turned into widespread conflict in Sri Lanka.
Reason (R): 1956 Act recognised Sinhala as the only official
language.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of
A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of
A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.
Power Sharing – Tb pg. no. 3

14. Which of the following features is NOT associated with a democratic 1 DP/An
government?
A. Democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and
negotiation.
B. Decisions are taken quickly and are often forced upon
people.
C. There is transparency in decision-making.
D. Decision making is based on norms and procedures.
Outcomes of Democracy – Tb pg. no. 91

15. Which of the following would attract foreign investment in India? 1 E/An
I. Development of Special Economic Zones (SEZ).
II. Policies favouring foreign companies.
III. Enforcing trade barriers on import.
Options:
A. Only I
B. Both I and II
C. Both II and III
D. All I, II and III
Globalisation and the Indian Economy – TB pg. no. 67

CB/X/2022-23 Pre Board 2 Page 5 of 18

 16. Which of the following correctly defines ‘Unclassed forests’? 1 G/An
A. Forest lands used specifically for conservation of wild animals.
B. Forest lands protected from any further depletion.
C. Forest lands left untouched by the local people.
D. Forests and wastelands belonging to both government and
private individuals and communities.
Forest and Wildlife Resources – Tb pg. no. 19, 20, 21

17. Which of the following statements is NOT an argument in favour of 1 G/An

multi-purpose river projects?
A. Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which
suffer from water scarcity.
B. Multi-purpose projects help by regulating water flow to
control floods.
C. Multi-purpose projects lead to large-scale displacement
of local communities.
D. Multi-purpose projects generate electricity for our industries
and homes.
Water resources – Tb pg. no. 27

18. Which of the following sectors has the highest share in the GDP? 1 E/U
A. Primary sector
B. Construction sector
C. Secondary sector
D. Tertiary sector
Sectors of the Indian Economy – Tb pg. no. 25

19. Which of the following does NOT include terms of credit? 1 E/U
A. Interest rate
B. Collateral
C. Mode of repayment
D. Bank deposits
Money and Credit – Tb pg. no. 45

20. Which of the following statements is correct about the Gross 1 E/An
Domestic Product (GDP)?
A. It shows the social development of the country in period of
one year.
B. It shows the number of people involved in production in the
tertiary sector in a year.
C. It shows the value of total goods and services produced in
a country in a year.

CB/X/2022-23 Pre Board 2 Page 6 of 18

 D. It shows the total production of a country in a given year
without calculating the national income.
Sectors of the Indian Economy – Tb pg. no. 23

SECTION B
VERY SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (2X4=8)

21. Mention any two limitations of manuscripts during the nineteenth 2 H/U
century.
Limitations of manuscripts are:
• Copying of texts was an expensive, laborious and time-
consuming business.
• Manuscripts were fragile, and awkward to handle.
• Manuscripts could not be carried around or read easily.
(Accept any two points)
Print Culture and the Modern World – Tb pg. no. 108

22. Mention any two provisions provided by the Constitution framers of 2 DP/An
India to meet the challenge of communalism.
The makers of our Constitution were aware of the challenge of
communalism. The model of a secular state was chosen to
prevent these conflicts. This choice was reflected in several
constitutional provisions like:
• There is no official religion for the Indian state.
• The Constitution provides to all individuals and communities
freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion, or
not to follow any.
• The Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of
religion.
• At the same time, the Constitution allows the state to
intervene in the matters of religion in order to ensure
equality within religious communities.
(Accept any two points)
Gender, Religion and Caste – Tb pg. no. 48, 49

23. “Minerals are an indispensible part of our lives.” Support the 2 G/An
statement with examples.
In all stages of development, human beings have used minerals
for their livelihood, decoration, festivities, religious and
ceremonial rites. Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives
because:
• Almost everything we use, from a tiny pin to a towering
building or a big ship, all are made from minerals.
• The railway lines and the tarmac (paving) of the roads, our

CB/X/2022-23 Pre Board 2 Page 7 of 18

 implements and machinery too are made from minerals.
• Cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes are manufactured from
minerals and run on power resources derived from the earth.
• Even the food that we eat contains minerals.
(Accept any two points or other relevant answers)
Minerals and Energy Resources – Tb pg. no. 48

24. Why do people prefer to work in an organised sector? 2 E/U

Advantages of organised sector:
• People enjoy security of employment.
• Work for fixed hours.
• If they work more, they get overtime allowances.
• Paid leaves, payment during holidays, medical benefits, safe
working environment and pension after retirement.
(Accept any two points)
Sectors of the Indian Economy – Tb pg. no. 30, 31
OR
Why is tertiary sector gaining importance in India?
The tertiary sector is gaining importance because of several
reasons:
• First, in any country several services such as hospitals,
educational institutions, post and telegraph services, police
stations, courts, village administrative offices, municipal
corporations, defence, transport, banks, insurance
companies, etc. are required. These can be considered as
basic services.
• Second, the development of agriculture and industry leads to
the development of services such as transport, trade, and
storage. Greater the development of the primary and
secondary sectors more would be the demand for such
services.
• Third, as income levels rise, certain sections of people start
demanding many more services like eating out, tourism,
shopping, private hospitals, private schools, professional
training etc.
• Fourth, information and communication technology have
become important and essential. The production of these
services has been rising rapidly.
(Accept any two relevant points)
Sectors of the Indian Economy – Tb pg. no. 24, 25

SECTION C
SHORT-ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS (3X5=15)

25. “Indian trade had played a crucial role in late nineteenth century 3 H/An

CB/X/2022-23 Pre Board 2 Page 8 of 18

 world economy.” Analyse the statement.
• By helping Britain balance its deficits, India played a crucial
role in the late nineteenth century world economy.
• Britain trade surplus in India also helped pay the so called
‘home charges’.
• British manufacturers flooded the Indian market.
• Increased food grain and raw material exports from India to
Britain.
• The value of British exports to India was much higher than
the value of British import from India.
• Any other relevant point.
(Any three points to be explained.)
The Making of a Global World – Tb pg. no. 67

26. Describe any three features of Federalism in India. 3 DP/U

Key features of federalism are:
• There are two or more levels (or tiers) of government.
• Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but
each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of
legislation, taxation and administration.
• The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of
government are specified in the constitution. So the
existence and authority of each tier of government is
constitutionally guaranteed.
• The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be
unilaterally changed by one level of government. Such
changes require the consent of both the levels of
government.
• Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and the
powers of different levels of government. The highest court
acts as an umpire if disputes arise between different levels of
government in the exercise of their respective powers.
• Sources of revenue for each level of government are clearly
specified to ensure its financial autonomy.
• The federal system thus has dual objectives: to safeguard and
promote unity of the country, while at the same time
accommodate regional diversity. Therefore, two aspects are
crucial for the institutions and practice of federalism.
(Accept any three points)
Federalism – Tb pg. no. 15

27. “The distribution pattern of the railway network in India has been 3 G/An
mainly influenced by physiographic and economic factors.” Support
the statement with suitable examples.

CB/X/2022-23 Pre Board 2 Page 9 of 18

 The distribution pattern of the Railway network in the country
has been largely influenced by physiographic and economic
factors, such as:
• The northern plains with their vast level land, high population
density and rich agricultural resources provided the most
favourable condition for their growth. However, a large
number of rivers requiring construction of bridges across
their wide beds posed some obstacles.
• In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracts
are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels. The Himalayan
mountainous regions too are unfavourable for the
construction of railway lines due to high relief, sparse
population and lack of economic opportunities.
• Likewise, it was difficult to lay railway lines on the sandy
plain of western Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat, forested
tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and
Jharkhand.
• The contiguous stretch of Sahyadri could be crossed only
through gaps or passes (Ghats).
(Accept any three points)
Lifelines of the National Economy – Tb pg. no. 82, 83
OR
“The pace of change in the communication sector has been rapid in
modern times.” Support the statement with examples.
• Personal communication and mass communication including
television, radio, press, films, etc. are the major means of
communication in the country.
• The Indian postal network is the largest in the world. It
handles parcels as well as personal written communications.
• Cards and envelopes are considered first-class mail and are
airlifted between stations covering both land and air. The
second-class mail includes book packets, are carried by
surface mail, covering land and water transport.
• To facilitate quick delivery of mails in large towns and cities,
six mail channels have been introduced. They are called
Rajdhani Channel, Metro Channel, Green Channel, Business
Channel, Bulk Mail Channel and Periodical Channel.
• India has one of the largest telecom networks in Asia.
• Villages in India have already been covered with Subscriber
Trunk Dialing (STD) telephone facility.
• Any other relevant point
(Any three to be explained)
Lifelines of the National Economy – Tb pg. no. 86, 88

28. Describe any three main features of ‘Rabi crop season’. 3 G/U

CB/X/2022-23 Pre Board 2 Page 10 of 18

 Main features of ‘Rabi Crop Season’ are:
• Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December.
• Harvested in summer from April to June.
• Important Rabi crops are Wheat, Barley, Peas, Gram and
Mustard.
• Availability of precipitation during winter months due to
western temperate cyclones helps in the success of these
crops.
• Any other relevant point.
(Any three points to be described)
Agriculture – Tb pg. no. 36

29. On what basis is the criterion used by the United Nations 3 E/An
Development Programme (UNDP) for measuring development
different from the one used by the World Bank? Explain.
Basis for measuring development according to World Bank and
UNDP:
• According To UNDP
i. the educational levels of the people,
ii. their health status
iii. per capita income
World Bank measures the same only on the basis of per capita
income. Countries have been divided into three categories-Rich
(High Income Group), Middle income group countries and Poor
countries (Low Income Group)
• World Bank only sees the average per capita income but
UNDP sees the overall development
• Any other relevant point.
(Any three points to be explained)
Development – Tb pg. no. 8, 13

SECTION D
LONG-ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS (5X4=20)

30. What was ‘proto-industrialisation’? Explain the importance of Proto- 5 H/An

industrialisation.
Proto-Industrialisation refers to the system of industries that
existed before the arrival of modern machine run factories. (1
mark)
The importance of proto-industrialisation: (4 marks)
• Control of production was in the hand of merchants. Goods
were produced by a vast number of producers working in
their family farms, not in factories. Whole of the family was
involved. It allowed peasants a fuller use of their family

CB/X/2022-23 Pre Board 2 Page 11 of 18

 labour resources.
• At each stage of production – spinning, dying etc., 20 to 25
workers were employed by each merchant. This meant that
each clothier was controlling hundreds of workers.
• By working for the merchants, workers could remain in the
countryside and continue to cultivate their small plots.
• Income from proto-industrial production supplemented their
income from cultivation.
(Accept the answer as a whole or any other relevant points)
The Age of Industrialisation – Tb pg. no. 81
OR
Explain the ways through which British manufacturers attempted to
take over the Indian market.
i. British manufactures pressurized the government to impose
import duties on Indian cotton textiles.
ii. Persuaded the East India Company to sell British anufactures
in Indians market.
iii. Through advertisements; to create interest in the product.
iv. Through labels, when Manchester industrialists began selling
cloth in India, they put labels on the cloth bundles.
v. Images of Indian Gods and Goddesses
vi. It was as if the association with Gods gave divine approval to
the goods being sold.
vii. Calendars: manufactures printed calendars to popularize
their products.
viii. Any other relevant point.
(Any five points to be explained.)
The Age of Industrialisation – Tb pg. no. 101

31. Why is it necessary for the banks and cooperatives to increase their 5 E/An
lending in rural areas? Explain.
• India largely depends on agriculture for export revenues.
Farmers and agricultural workers in the rural areas deserve
special attention as they lack capital and resources to invest
in their work.
• Most of the people in rural areas are illiterate. Hence, the
informal money lenders exploit and cheat them for their
benefit. People need a reliable source of credit.
• Most loans from informal lenders carry very high interest
rates and do little to increase the income of the borrowers.
• High rates of interest and repayment of such high amount to
informal sources make farmers fall in debt traps.
• On the other hand, banks and cooperative societies provide
loans to the rural households at cheap rates and are backed
by the government, which helps them boost their income.
CB/X/2022-23 Pre Board 2 Page 12 of 18
 Incentives are also given to farmers for quick repayment.
Hence, banks and cooperatives should increase their lending
in rural areas.
(Accept the answer as a whole)
Money and Credit – Tb pg. no. 49
OR
“The credit activities of the informal sector should be discouraged.”
Explain.
• 85% of loans taken by the poor households in the urban areas
are from informal sources. There is no organization that
supervises the credit activities of lenders in the informal
sector.
• Informal lenders charge very high interest on their loans.
• They try to charge more and more interest on their loans as
there are no boundaries and restrictions.
• Higher cost of borrowing means a larger part of the earnings
of the borrowers is used to repay the loan.
• In certain cases, the high interest rate for borrowing can
mean that the amount to be repaid is greater than the income
of borrower.
• This could lead to increasing debt and debt trap, therefore
the credit activities of the informal sector should be
discouraged.
(Accept the answer as a whole)
Money and Credit – Tb pg. no. 49

32. Explain the ways through which the industrial pollution of fresh 5 G/An
water can be reduced.
Ways to reduce industrial water pollution are as follows:
• Minimising use water for processing by reusing and recycling
it in two or more successive stages
• Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements
• Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in
rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be
done in three phases:
(a) Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves
screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
(b) Secondary treatment by biological process
(c) Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical
processes. This involves recycling of wastewater.
(Accept the answer as a whole)
Manufacturing Industries – Tb pg. no. 74, 76
OR
Why is the economic strength of a country measured by the

CB/X/2022-23 Pre Board 2 Page 13 of 18

 development of manufacturing industries? Explain with examples.
Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of
development in general and economic development in
particular mainly because –
• Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising
agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they
also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural
income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary
sectors.
• Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of
unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the
main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint
sector ventures in India.
• It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by
establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
• Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce,
and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
• Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide
variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous.
India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its
manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.
(Accept the answer as a whole)
Manufacturing Industries – Tb pg. no. 63

33. What is a political party? Explain any four characteristics of a political 5 DP/An
party.
A political party is a group of people who come together to
contest elections and hold power in the government. (1 mark)
Characteristics of a political party are: (4 marks)
• Political parties contest elections regularly.
• They play a decisive role in making laws.
• They form and run the government, if elected.
• They have their own policies, ideologies and manifesto.
• They shape public opinion and act as the face of democracy
and government.
• The parties which lose the elections play the important role
of opposition.
(Accept any four points with proper explanations)
Political Parties – Tb pg. no. 72, 73, 74
OR
“Lack of internal democracy within parties is the major challenge to
political parties all over the world.” Analyse the statement.
Situations which display lack of internal democracy within a
political party:

CB/X/2022-23 Pre Board 2 Page 14 of 18

 • Parties do not keep membership registers, do not hold
organizational meetings, and do not conduct internal
elections, regularly.
• Ordinary members of the party do not get sufficient
information on what happens inside the party.
• They do not have the means or the connections needed to
influence the decisions. As a result, the leaders assume
greater power to make decisions in the name of the party.
• Since one or few leaders exercise paramount power in the
party, those who disagree with the leadership find it difficult
to continue in the party.
• More than loyalty to party principles and policies, personal
loyalty to the leader becomes more important.
Political Parties – Tb pg. no. 83, 84

SECTION E
CASE-BASED QUESTIONS (4x3=12)

34. Read the extract given below and answer the questions: 4 H/Ev
Ideas of national unity in early-nineteenth century Europe were
closely allied to the ideology of liberalism. For the new middle
classes liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality
of all before the law. Yet, equality before the law did not necessarily
stand for universal suffrage. You will recall that in revolutionary
France, which marked the first political experiment in liberal
democracy, the right to vote and to get elected was granted
exclusively to property-owning men. Men without property and all
women were excluded from political rights. Only for a brief period
under the Jacobins did all adult males enjoy suffrage. However, the
Napoleonic Code went back to limited suffrage and reduced women
to the status of a minor, subject to the authority of fathers and
husbands. Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
women and non-propertied men organised opposition movements
demanding equal political rights.

34.1 Explain the term ‘liberalism’. 1

The term ‘liberalism’ derives from the Latin word liber, meaning
free. It is a political and moral philosophy which is based on
liberty, equality before the law and consent of the government.

34.2 State any one ideology of liberalism during early 19th century. 1
• Liberalism in early 19th century stood for freedom for the
individual and equality to all before law for the middle
classes.

CB/X/2022-23 Pre Board 2 Page 15 of 18

 • Politically, it emphasised the concept of government by
consent.
• It stood for the end of autocracy and clerical privileges.
(Accept any one point)

34.3 Describe any two features of Napoleonic Code. 2

The main features of the Napoleonic Codes are as follows:
• The Napoleonic code established equality before the law and
abolished all privileges based on birth.
• It abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from
serfdom and manorial dues.
• Napoleon simplified administrative divisions. In the towns,
guild restrictions were removed.
• The Code established the supremacy of the husband over his
wife and children.
• The code also prohibited judges from refusing justice on
grounds of insufficiency of the law, thereby encouraging
them to interpret the law.
(Accept any two points)
The Rise of Nationalism in Europe – Tb pg. no. 9

35. Read the extract given below and answer the questions: 4 DP/Ev
Democracies are based on political equality. All individuals have
equal weight in electing representatives. Parallel to the process of
bringing individuals into the political arena on an equal footing, we
find growing economic inequalities. A small number of ultra-rich
enjoy a highly disproportionate share of wealth and incomes. Not
only that, their share in the total income of the country has been
increasing. Those at the bottom of the society have very little to
depend upon. Their incomes have been declining. Sometimes they
find it difficult to meet their basic needs of life, such as food,
clothing, house, education and health. In actual life, democracies do
not appear to be very successful in reducing economic inequalities.

35.1 How is democracy based on political equality in India? 1

In India, every citizen above 18 years of age has the right to
vote. Every citizen has the right to contest elections irrespective
of his caste, creed, religion and economic status, if the person is
21 years of age. Hence, democracy is based on political equality
in India.

35.2 What is meant by economic inequality? 1

Economic inequality refers to the disparities in incomes and
opportunities in a society.

CB/X/2022-23 Pre Board 2 Page 16 of 18

 35.3 ‘Democracies do not appear to be very successful in reducing 2
economic inequalities.’ Justify the statement.
• The wealth and means are accumulated in hands of a few
people and their share in the total income of the country has
been increasing.
• However the people at the bottom of the society find it
difficult to meet even their basic needs of life, such as food,
clothing, house, education, and health. Not only that their
incomes have been declining.
• The deprived people are a large ratio of voters and no party
will like to lose their votes. Yet democratically elected
governments do not appear to be attentive to the cause of
the poor.
• Thus democracies do not appear to be very successful in
reducing economic inequalities.
(Accept the answer as a whole)
Outcomes of Democracy – Tb pg. no. 95

36. Read the extract given below and answer the questions: 4 E/Ev
In the past two to three decades, more and more MNCs have been
looking for locations around the world which would be cheap for
their production. Foreign investment by MNCs in these countries has
been rising. At the same time, foreign trade between countries has
been rising rapidly. A large part of the foreign trade is also
controlled by MNCs.

36.1 Where do MNCs prefer to set up their offices and factories? 1

MNCs set up offices and factories for production in regions
where they can get cheap labour and other resources.

36.2 How do MNCs control their production in other countries? 1

• Buy up a local production company.
• Place orders for production with small producers, i.e.,
contract manufacturing.
• By setting up a partnership (joint venture) with a local
company.
• Setting up their wholly owned subsidiary in the other
country.
• By licensing or franchising their brand to a local company.

36.3 ‘Foreign trade between countries has been rising rapidly.’ How 2
does foreign trade integrate the markets of different countries?
Mention any two.

CB/X/2022-23 Pre Board 2 Page 17 of 18

 Foreign trade integrates the markets of different countries by
the following ways:
• Foreign trade creates an opportunity for the producers to
reach beyond the domestic markets.
• Producers can sell their products in the markets located in
other countries.
• It helps for expanding the choice of goods beyond domestic
markets.
• It is the main channel connecting different countries.
• The trading interest attracts various trading companies.
(Accept any two points)
Globalisation and the Indian Economy – Tb pg. no. 61

SECTION F
MAP SKILL BASED QUESTION (2+3=5)

37. 37.1 Two places A and B have been marked on the given outline 2 H/Ap
map of India.
Identify them and write their correct names on the lines drawn near
them.
A. The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held –
Madras
B. The place where the movement of Indigo planters was started.–
Champaran (Bihar)
37.2 On the same outline map of India, locate and label any three of 3 G/Ap
the following with suitable symbols.
a. Hirakud Dam
b. Ramagundam Thermal Power Plant
c. Tarapur Nuclear Power Plant
d. Kandla Sea Port
Nationalism in India Tb pg. no. --
Water Resources – Tb pg. no. 28
Minerals and Energy Resources - Tb pg. no. 59
Lifelines of the National Economy - Tb pg. no. 87

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

CB/X/2022-23 Pre Board 2 Page 18 of 18