Thesis Document For Seiving Machine Edited

UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL
ENGINEERING
DESIGN OF MOTOR DRIVEN SAND SEIVING MACHINE
sis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical
Engineering
PREPARED BY
e Id No (EMAIL)
ie Worku………………………………….4406/08(eshetie2010worku@gmail.com)
new Andualem…………………………….5040/08(yenenewandualem65@gmail.com)
Advisor: Mr. kirubel awoke
Submitted to: Mr. KIRUBEL AWOKE
Submission date: 04/05/2013 E.C

DESIGN OF MOTOR DRIVEN SAND SEIVING MACHINE B.S.C THESIS 2013E.C
UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DESIGN OF MOTOR DRIVEN SAND SIEVING MACHINE
Thesis by:
ESHETIE WORKU
YENENEW ANDUALEM
Institute of Technology
Approved by Board of examiners:
______________ ________________ __________
Chairman Date Signature
______________ ________________ __________
Advisor Date Signature
______________ ________________ __________
Internal Examiner Date Signature
______________ ________________ ___________
External Examiner Date Signature
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DECLARATION
We want to assured that this B.S.C thesis project exactly belongs to us. We have done a project
titled as "Design of motor driven sand sieving machine" during our B.S.C program in GONDAR
university. We were fully engaged to perform our project. Except we have taken from reference
materials all the descriptions,recommendations are our own. Finally, we are intended to tell you
that this document is a goodindicator of how much effort we made to go steps forward in the
practical world by integrating itwith the theoretical knowledge.
Student nameSignature
1. ESHETIE WORKU………………………………………...
2. YENENEW ANDUALEM………………………………….
Approval mentor name signature

1 Mr. KIRUBEL AWOKE. ……
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First, we would like to thank the Almighty God for giving the strength to prepare this design
project. Secondly, we would like to express our sincere appreciation and special gratitude to our
final B.S.C thesis project advisor Mr. KIRUBEL AWOKE for their golden comments and
correction, guidance, follow-up and advice throughout the project period which is very essential
to build up our future academic status and experience. And also, we would like to express our
great thank to the department head for giving the chance to do this thesis project in addition I
would like to express our great thank for Gondar university construction worker for their
continuous support by giving information about their working of the previous. The last but not
the least we would like to express our sincere appreciation for all our friends who invested their
time, energy and resources to help us.
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ABSTRACT:
Construction of buildings requires sand as an important ingredient Sand is used at different
stages in construction right from the foundation to the finishing work i.e., plaster. This sand is
needs to be screened properly for various stages in construction, i.e., size of sand for
construction work is slightly coarse whereas that used for plaster work is fine. Conventionally
screening is normally done manually using fixed screens or machines. This manual process time
consuming and laborious takes a lot of time and cost. It is also observed that the conventional
machine proves of no or little help as the sand needs to be manually transported and material
handling takes place twice to get different sizes of sand. These processes are carried out
manually. Sieving of sand is carried out using rectangular mesh which is inclined at certain
angle. This causes a relative motion between the particles and the sieve. Depending on their size
the individual particles either pass through the sieve mesh or retained on the sieve surface.
There are different machines that are being used for sand sieving processes. In our project the
process will takes place automatically. Thus, the time consumed during the whole process of
preparing the concrete is reduced. Generally, by following the above operation the machine
requires 32678.50birr with the capacity of 97.6Kg/s.
Keywords: Sieve machine, Fabrication, Ergonomic design.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DESIGN OF MOTOR DRIVEN SAND SIEVING MACHINE..................................................................i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT............................................................................................................................iii
ABSTRACT:..................................................................................................................................................iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................................................v
LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................................................vii
LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................................ix
CHAPTER ONE..........................................................................................................................................1
1.INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................1
1.1 PROJECT SUMMURY.........................................................................................................................1
1.2 PROJECT BACKGROUND.................................................................................................................2
1.3 PROJECT PROBLEM STATEMENT......................................................................................................2
1.4 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS.....................................................................................................................2
1.5 COMPONENT OF SAND SEIVING MACHINE...........................................................................................3
1.6 WORKING PRINCIPLE (PROCESS).........................................................................................................11
1.7 PROJECT OBJECTIVE......................................................................................................................12
1.8 PROJECT SCOPE...............................................................................................................................12
1.9 GOALS OF THE PROJECT...............................................................................................................12
1.10 BENEFITS AND BENEFICIARIES OF THE PROJECT.................................................................13
1.10.1 BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT.................................................................................................13
1.10.2 BENEFICIARIES OF THE PROJECT.......................................................................................13
1.11 METHODOLOGY (METHOD)........................................................................................................13
CHAPTER TWO.......................................................................................................................................15
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................15
CHAPTER THREE...................................................................................................................................19
3.0 DETAIL DESIGN...........................................................................................................................19
3.1 Mission Statement...........................................................................................................................19
3.1.1 Mission Statement for Design Sieving Machine.......................................................................19
3.2 Identifying Customers Need............................................................................................................20
3.2.1 Identifying Customer Needs for sand sieving machine.............................................................20
3.2.2 Conversion of VOC into Customer Needs................................................................................21
3.2.3 Establish relative importance of needs......................................................................................22
3.2.4 Reflect upon the results and the process...................................................................................23
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3.3 CONCEPT GENERATION............................................................................................................23

3.3.1 Concept Generation for sand Sieving Machine.........................................................................24
3.4 Concept selection...........................................................................................................................26
CHAPTER FOUR.....................................................................................................................................30
4.0 DESIGN ANALYSIS......................................................................................................................30
4.1 Material selection...........................................................................................................................30
4.1.1 Material for Pulley:................................................................................................................33
4.1.2 Material for Sieve:..................................................................................................................33
4.1.3 Material for Belt and selection of belt:..................................................................................34
4.1.4 Material for frame, shaft, key, connecting rod, sieving screen(sieve) and its support nut
and bolt.............................................................................................................................................35
4.1.5 Material for Caster wheel:.....................................................................................................35
4.2 Motor selection for sieving machine.............................................................................................36
4.3 DESIGN OF SHAFT.......................................................................................................................38
4.3.1 Design of Motor shaft.............................................................................................................39
4.4 Design of Pulley..............................................................................................................................40
4.5 Design of flat belt...........................................................................................................................43
4.5.1 Shaft Design for pulley’s........................................................................................................46
4.6 Key design......................................................................................................................................48
4.6.1 Design of key for motor shaft...................................................................................................49
4.6.2 Design of key for pulley shaft...................................................................................................52
4.7 Caster selection..............................................................................................................................53
4.8 Bearing design and selection...........................................................................................................55
4.8.1 Analysis Bearing supports for shaft of pulley.......................................................................57
4.9 Bolt design and selection...............................................................................................................60
4.10 design of connecting rod................................................................................................................63
4.11 Design of frame.............................................................................................................................65
4.12 Design of sieving screen and its support........................................................................................66
4.13 Important Manufacturing process for this project..........................................................................68
4.13.1 WELDING MACHINE..............................................................................................................68
4.13.2 GRINDING MACHINE.............................................................................................................70
4.13.3 SHEET METAL CUTTER.........................................................................................................70
4.13.4 SIEVE SCREEN.........................................................................................................................71
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4.13.5 DRILLING PROCESS...............................................................................................................71

4.14 COST ANALYSIS........................................................................................................................73
4.14.1 COST OF MOTOR DRIVEN SIEVING MACHINE COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENT’S
USED................................................................................................................................................73
4.14.21 COST OF MACHINE JOB...................................................................................................74
4.14.3 COST OF NON-MACHINE JOB...........................................................................................74
14.15 2D AND 3D DRAWING.............................................................................................................75
14.15.1 2D DRAWING........................................................................................................................75
14.15.2 3D DRAWING........................................................................................................................80
CHAPTER FIVE............................................................................................................................................87
5.0 RESULT AND DISCUSION............................................................................................................87
5.2 DISCUSION..........................................................................................................................88
CHAPTER SIX.........................................................................................................................................91
6.0 CONCLUSION AND RECCOMANDATION................................................................................91
6.1 CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................................91
6.2 RECCOMANDATION...............................................................................................................91
Reference...................................................................................................................................................92
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 caster wheel...................................................................................................................................4
Figure 2 supported frame.............................................................................................................................5
Figure 3 shaft...............................................................................................................................................5
Figure 4 bearing...........................................................................................................................................6
Figure 5 metallic net....................................................................................................................................6
figure 6 belt.................................................................................................................................................8
figure 7 driving motor.................................................................................................................................9
figure 8 pulley...........................................................................................................................................10
figure 9 feeding and discharge hopper.......................................................................................................10
Figure 10 3D assembly drawing of sand sieving machine.........................................................................11
Figure 11 flow chart..................................................................................................................................24
figure 12 functional decomposition of problem.........................................................................................24
Figure 13 : schematic representation of concept generated........................................................................26
Figure 14 open belt drive...........................................................................................................................43
figure 15 Centrifugal tension of belt drive.................................................................................................44
figure 16 power transmitted by a belt........................................................................................................45
Figure 17 . Loads applied on pulley shaft..................................................................................................47
figure 18 key..............................................................................................................................................49
Figure 19 caster selection..........................................................................................................................54
Figure 20 bearing analysis FBD................................................................................................................58
Figure 21 Nomenclature of bolt................................................................................................................60
figure 22 connecting rod............................................................................................................................63
figure 23 Types of welding........................................................................................................................69
Figure 24 Grinder machine........................................................................................................................70
Figure 25 Sheet metal cutter......................................................................................................................70
Figure 26 Sieve Screens............................................................................................................................71
Figure 27 Drilling machine........................................................................................................................71
figure 28 2D belt with pulley.....................................................................................................................75
figure 29 2D screen(sieve).........................................................................................................................76
figure 30 2D shaft......................................................................................................................................76
figure 31 2D motor....................................................................................................................................77
figure 32 2D frame....................................................................................................................................77
figure 33 2D CASTER WHEEL................................................................................................................78
figure 34 2D washer..................................................................................................................................78
figure 35 2D bearing..................................................................................................................................79
figure 36 2D connecting rod......................................................................................................................79
figure 37 2D ASSEMBLY DRAWING.....................................................................................................80
figure 38 3D connecting rod......................................................................................................................80
figure 39 3D screen...................................................................................................................................81
figure 40 3D MOTOR...............................................................................................................................81
figure 41 Smallest pulley...........................................................................................................................82
figure 42 3D largest pulley........................................................................................................................82
figure 43 3D belt........................................................................................................................................83
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figure 44 3D bearing..................................................................................................................................83
figure 45 discharge hopper........................................................................................................................84
figure 46 feeding hopper............................................................................................................................84
figure 47 3D frame....................................................................................................................................85
figure 48 3D assembly...............................................................................................................................85
figure 49 BILL OF MATERIAL...............................................................................................................86
figure 50 total deformation of shaft...........................................................................................................89
figure 51 maximum principal stress...........................................................................................................89
figure 52 equivalent von miss stress..........................................................................................................90
figure 53 equivalent elastic strain..............................................................................................................90
figure 54 directional deformation of shaft.................................................................................................90
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 methodology.................................................................................................................................14
Table 2 mission statement.........................................................................................................................19
Table 3 Voice of Customer........................................................................................................................20
Table 4 Customer needs............................................................................................................................21
Table 5 Relative Importance of Customer needs.......................................................................................22
Table 6 : comparison of sand sieving machine position............................................................................25
Table 7 concept score method...................................................................................................................26
Table 8 result of concepts..........................................................................................................................28
Table 9 physical properties of metal..........................................................................................................30
Table 10 material properties for belt..........................................................................................................34
Table 11 Mild steel property table [3].......................................................................................................35
Table 12 comparison of different motor types...........................................................................................37
Table 13 disadvantages of brushless DC motor.........................................................................................37
Table 14 Worm gear reduction table for 1440rpm motor..........................................................................38
Table 15 Design Matrix for selection of pulley type..................................................................................40
Table 16 Standard width of pulley.............................................................................................................46
Table 17 yield strength and other properties of mild steel.........................................................................49
Table 18 Proportion of standard parallel, tapered, and gib head key.........................................................50
Table 19 principal dimensions for radial ball bearing................................................................................56
Table 20 Dimension and load rating for deep groove and angular contact ball bearing.............................57
Table 21 . Design dimensions of screw threads, bolts and nuts according to IS:.......................................60
Table 22 result of bolt and nut analysis.....................................................................................................62
Table 23 Different types of Welding process...........................................................................................69
Table 24 cost of sieving machine component............................................................................................73
Table 25 cost of machine job.....................................................................................................................74
Table 26 cost of non- machine job.............................................................................................................74
Table 27 bill of material list.......................................................................................................................86
Table 28 result and discussion...................................................................................................................87
Table 29 value of X and Y for dynamically loaded bearing [3].................................................................94
Table 30 basic static & dynamic capacity of various types of radial ball bearing [3]................................95
Table 31 principal dimension for radial ball bearing [3]............................................................................97
Table 32 Design dimensions of screw threads, bolts and nuts according to IS:[2]....................................98
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CHAPTER ONE
1.INTRODUCTION
Generally, while preparing the concrete for construction purpose, the process of sieving is
carried out manually. Sieving of sand is carried out using rectangular mesh which is inclined
at certain angle. In the present sand sieving method, the sample is subjected to horizontal
movement in accordance with the chosen method. This causes a relative motion between the
particles and the sieve. Depending on their size the individual particles either pass through the
sieve mesh or retained on the sieve surface. There are different machines that are being used
for sand Sieving, but we demonstrate the design & fabrication of automatically driven sand
sieving machine which have low cost and simple in operation.
This project focuses in design, fabrication of the mechanical part of machine and the system of
the sieve machine. To achieve this project objective, this sieve machine body structure and
mechanical system needs to concern some other criteria such as strength, safety and ergonomic
design. This project flow must start from design, analysis, and lastly fabrication process before
develop the sieve machine, it must compare with other product in market. It is because to study
the customer need and to create a new design with new feature.
1.1 PROJECT SUMMURY

This final year project is part of the required subjects to be taken during the fulfillment of
B.Sc. thesis project of Mechanical Engineering course. This is done during the final semester
before advancing into the industrial training program. Therefore, it is vital to complete this
project in order to receive a final grade depending on the effort put in. The final year project is
also to give students the individual ability and confidence to complete a task with under less
supervision of lecturers. With this, students can learn problem solving skills in areas of
designing; analysis, fabrication, and testing as well learn to do a complete formatted report
which is important for future technical writing. Sand or any mixture sub stand usually comes
in different size and grade since some product required different size of sand or mixture that
why this machine been design to sieve the sand or sub stand into different size depend on
requirement needed.
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1.2 PROJECT BACKGROUND

Sand: The sand is commonly known as the basic material use in construction side or any
other product. Comes with few type and different size comes in mixture.
Sieve machine:
 To design sieve machine that can sieve sand to different size.

 Problem that often faced is that some product required different size of sand to fulfill
the quality level needed.
 Through this design user can save time sieving sand and cut the cost to order the
required size of sand.
 This product may sieve the sand with safety and quick over use conventional way.
 This product may sieve various of size sand and cut time and cost.
1.3 PROJECT PROBLEM STATEMENT

The problem of size of sand in the market available. Need to spend more money if we want
the sand in specific size or category it will increase the budget and time to wait the supplier
preparing the goods. Now days people always prefer the most suitable way to cut their cost
and time. Example in a construction where they have to finish the work before the specified
date. This might be a problem. Since we have waiting longer time for the good to arrive.
However, sometime in big company there are high technological machine that can do this
work sieving any sub stand or mixture. But sometime in construction required a special sieve
machine that is comfortable and easy to use. Traditional method gives low efficiency as it is
operated manually but the automated sand sieving machine have higher efficiency. And also,
traditional methods requires more labor. In addition to this traditional method is more time
consumed during the process of preparing the concrete. Generally, the cost of highly
sophisticated machine is very high which is not affordable for small scale foundries and low-
level contractors. So, Modern machineries require high skill to operate.
1.4 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

There are many considerations as listed below:
 The device should be suitable for local manufacturing capabilities.
 The attachment should employ low-cost materials and manufacturing methods.
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 It should be accessible and affordable by low-income groups, and should fulfill their
basic need for mechanical power.
 It should be simple to manufacture, operate, maintain and repair.

 It should be as multi-purpose as possible, providing power for various agricultural
implements and for small machines used in rural industry.
 It should employ locally available materials and skills. Standard steel pieces such as
steel plates, iron rods, angle iron, and flat stock that are locally available should be
used. Standard tools used in machine shop such as hack saw, files, punches, taps &
dies; medium duty welder; drill press; small lathe and milling machine should be
adequate to fabricate.
 The device should be able to transmit power to a variety of machines, and changing
drive ratios should be as simple as possible. We decided that a V-belt and pulley
arrangement would be most appropriate for this. Belts do not require the precise
alignment that chains do. Belts can even accommodate pulleys that are slightly skewed
with respect to each other. Changing drive ratiosis as easy as changing pulleys. Also,
belts are reasonably efficient.
 Excessive weight should be avoided, as durability is a prime consideration. The

criteria that must be considered in designing the sieve machine are:
a) Durability: sieve machine must be durable when rotate and vibrate.
b) Material: The material that will be used must be suitable to fabricate the Sieve machine and
easy to get.
c) Cost: It depends on material and manufacturing processes. It should reduce the cost to the
minimum.
1.5 COMPONENT OF SAND SEIVING MACHINE
Components used in sand filter:
1. Slider crank arrangement (connecting rod)
2. Caster wheels
3. Supported Frame
4. Shaft
5. Bearings
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6. Metallic net (Sieve)

7. Belt
8. Motor
9. pulley
10. key, bolt and nut
1. Slider crank mechanism
Slider-crank mechanism, arrangement of mechanical parts designed to convert straight-line
motion to rotary motion, as in a reciprocating piston engine, or to convert rotary motion to
straight-line motion, as in a reciprocating piston pump. This mechanism is used in our project
to provide reciprocating motion to sieve box
2. Caster wheel
A caster (also castor according to some dictionaries) is a wheeled device typically mounted to
a larger object that enables relatively easy rolling movement of the object. Casters are
essentially special housings that include a wheel, facilitating the installation of wheels on
objects. Casters are found virtually everywhere, from office desk chairs to shipyards, from
hospital beds to automotive factories. They range in size from the very small furniture casters
to massive industrial casters, and individual load capacities span 100 pounds (45 kg) or less to
100,000 pounds (45 t). Wheel materials include cast iron, plastic, rubber, polyurethane, forged
steel, stainless steel, aluminum, and more.
Figure 1 caster wheel
3. Supported frame
The supported frame is used to support the components. The total arrangement is depending
on this frame. This frame is made of iron or mild steel.
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Figure 2 supported frame
4. Shaft:
A shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular in cross section, which is used to
transmit power from one part to another, or from a machine which produces power to machine
which absorbs power. The various members such as pulleys and gears are mounted on it.
Figure 3 shaft
5. Bearings:
A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and
reduces friction between moving parts. The design of the bearing may, for example, provide
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for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may
prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts.
Most bearings facilitate the desired motion by minimizing friction. Bearings are classified
broadly according to the type of operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions of the
loads (forces) applied to the parts.
Figure 4 bearing
6. Metallic net:
A metal net is a barrier made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible or ductile
materials. A mesh is similar to a web or a net in that it has many attached or woven strands.
Figure 5 metallic net
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7.belt:
The belts are used to transmit power from one shaft to another by means of pulleys which
rotate at the same speed or at different speeds.Belts are very common power transmission
elements because their elastic nature enables them to pass over round objects (pulleys)
typically with a high degree of efficiency. The term power transmission literally means the
power output from the device equals the product of the efficiency and the power input to the
device. Therefore, analyzing any power transmission system really is as simple as keeping
track of the products of speeds and torques (or forces) and efficiencies.
the key functional requirements of a belt are to transfer tensile loads and to pass over a pulley.
The life of a belt is a function of its pre-tension, the diameter of the smallest pulley, and the
load it is expected to carry. The key efficiency issue is to minimize contact at different
diameters to prevent differential slip between the belt and the pulley.
A belt can have many forms, but the three principal types are:
 flat,
 toothed, and
 vee belts.
Flat belts transfer a load by being pre-tensioned. Flat belts are generally very efficient,
unless forced to run on crowned pulleys to accommodate misalignments.
A flat-toothed belt positively engages the pulley, and requires only enough tension such
that the load acting on the tooth angle does not create a force large enough to pop the tooth
out of the pulley. The efficiency is still high because the tooth shape on the belt and the
pulley are designed to minimize differential slip.
A Vee belt uses the principle of self-help, whereby the greater the load, the more the Vee
shape wedges itself into the pulley. This increases the torque transmission capacity but
decreases the efficiency.
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figure 6 belt
8. driving motor:
Electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic
field and winding currents to generate force in the form of rotation. Electric motors can be
powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as from batteries, motor vehicles or rectifiers, or
by alternating current (AC) sources, such as a power grid, inverters or electrical generators.
An electric generator is mechanically identical to an electric motor, but operates in the reverse
direction, accepting mechanical energy (such as from flowing water) and converting this
mechanical energy into electrical energy.
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figure 7 driving motor
9.pulley
Pulleys are one of the oldest and most ubiquitous power transmission elements, but they
require careful design. If a belt or cable runs around a fixed shaft, friction between the belt
and the shaft can cause the efficiency to be low, and the cable can rapidly wear. A pulley
reduces these effects with rolling contact between the cable and the machine, but it must be of
sufficient size, typically 20 times the cable diameter, to prevent fatiguing of the cable strands.
In addition, a crown on a pulley can be used to keep a flat belt centered on the pulley even if
the pulley is not perfectly aligned.
Pulleys transmit power from one location to another, and they can form a transmission ratio.
Pulleys (Sheaves) are a most fundamental power transmission element
 Mechanical advantage
 Efficiency
 Tracking
 Mounting
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figure 8 pulley
10. key
A key is a piece of mild steel inserted between the shaft and hub or boss of the pulley to
connect these together in order to prevent relative motion between them. It is always inserted
parallel to the axis of the shaft. Keys are used as temporary fastenings and are subjected to
considerable crushing and shearing stresses. A keyway is a slot or recess in a shaft and hub of
the pulley to accommodate a key.
11. Feeding and discharge hopper
Feeding hopper used to supply the sand from the storage and the discharge hopper used to
discharge the sieved sands to the collector
figure 9 feeding and discharge hopper
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12. 3D MODE
Figure 10 3D assembly drawing of sand sieving machine
1.6 WORKING PRINCIPLE (PROCESS)

The figure shows the sand filter and separator. In this the whole work is based on the
mechanism of crank and slider mechanism. The rotation of the crank transfers the motion to
the movement of rectangular shape filter.
It consists of the pulley and belt arrangement which rotates the crank and through its slider
consists of oscillating mechanism. The power is transmitted to the crank and slider
mechanism. This mechanism is used to rotate the crank, the pulley which is having an
extended rod is connected to the sliding portion of the rectangular plate directly by means of a
linkage. The rectangular plate is passed through the guide ways by means of maintaining the
cutting axis. The rectangular sieve moves linearly on guided path.
The crank is connected to the flywheel which is transfer the motion from one to another. The
flywheel is connected to another wheel which is connected to the rectangular filter plate
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through belt. The rotating motion of the electrical motor converts to the sliding motion using
two flywheels and belt. The sliding crank mechanism is used in this project. The flywheel
which is placed at the top is used as crank and connecting rod in between the rectangular plate
and flywheel.
1.7 PROJECT OBJECTIVE

There are two objectives of this project as follow:
1.7.1 Main objective
Design of automatically sand sieving machine
1.7.2 Specific Objective
To design properly the components of the sieving machine.

To select the appropriate motors and bearing.
To learnt how to arrange the time and budget
To apply all knowledge in this design
To perform SOLIDWORK and ANSYS analysis
1.8 PROJECT SCOPE

From the title that has been selected, the development of this project must include how to
design the mechanical part of machine using advance software like CAD and SOLIDWORKS
and how to fabricate the system of this mechanical part. It also needs some knowledge and
skill to finish the project. There is some other guide must be followed to finish this project.
1.9 GOALS OF THE PROJECT

The main goal of the design of sand sieving machine is to separate the sands in different
grades for example fine, course, medium, that are used in different construction areas.
1.10 BENEFITS AND BENEFICIARIES OF THE PROJECT

1.10.1 BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT
The benefits of the project are reducing unnecessary power loss of the peoples by sieving the
sand in manual method and also increases the quality of sieving sands .in addition to this this
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research is used to improve the speed of production of quality sand in sufficient amount with
short period.
1.10.2 BENEFICIARIES OF THE PROJECT

The major beneficiaries for this project are contractors that work in construction area and the
organization that produce this machine. For example, as our university there are many
constructions that sieve sands in manual way so it is better to use the automatic sieving
machine. The third beneficiaries for this project are governments due to their infrastructure
fulfillment.
1.11 METHODOLOGY (METHOD)

The methodologies or guidelines which must be followed to complete this project are listed as
follows:
 Problem observation from this we decide the project

 Having better awareness about sieving machine basically its components, importance,
working principles from different data sources. The data sources may be primary or
secondary data sources in which primary sources can be find from customers and also
from workers in the construction area while secondary data can be found from internet
books and lectures and different journals of technology.
 After having better information and awareness about the sieving machine the next step is
organizing the data in a way that we can understand in better that means ordering it. This
step includes material selection, different parameters identification, justification of the
components separately and other important issues.
 The next step after data organization is designing each component by using two steps.
The first is getting the dimensions by calculating manually and the second is modeling
and checking whether it is Safe or not using software like SOLID WORKS and ANSYS
SOFTWARE.
 After modeling the next step is assembling the modeled parts and components.
 At the end evaluating how it works on the software and after so documentation.
Generally, the methodology is organized in the following manner
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Table 1 methodology
Identify(observe) the problem
Select project title

-from above observation we select our project title
Meeting with guide and discuss about the project

-decision made about how to collect information about the project from the construction
Collect the customer need from the labor

-identify customer need
Idea generation
-concept generation by the group
Idea(Concept) selection
Detail design
-material selection
-Design analysis
CHAPTER TWO
Final documentation
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
1) EMIR ALI, EDWIN I. EKWUE, JACQUELINE BRIDGE, ROBERT BIRCH; “ATHREE-
STACK MECHANICAL SIEVESHAKER FOR DETERMINING AGGREGATE
SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF SOILS”
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The design, construction and testing of a soil dry sieving apparatus is described. It could be
used to effectively determine the aggregate size distribution curves of three dry soil samples
simultaneously. The design required that a means be developed to agitate soil samples placed
on three stacks of sieves. Both vertical and slight outward movements of the soils in the sieve
nest were obtained in this particular design. Three soils were used to test this equipment using
the operating parameters of three vibration frequencies and three sieving times. Best sieving
of the three soils was obtained at 1.75 Hz frequency for a sieving time of 15 minutes. Results
obtained at this best operating condition were then compared to those obtained from an
existing commercial mechanical sieve shaker at the same 15 minutes sieving time. The results
showed that the constructed three-sieve shaker performed very well in comparison with the
commercial shaker; in addition, it was quieter and easier to operate. The major advantage of
the constructed three-sieve mechanical sieve shaker is that three stacks of sieves are
incorporated into the design. This decreases by almost three times, the normal time required
for aggregate size analysis using the existing commercial shakers, which all utilize single
sieve stacks.
2) NHM DARGMEH; “HAND TOOL FOR NATURAL HYDROPHILIC POLYMER FOR

USE IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS”
The introductory chapter of this thesis provides an overview of the salient properties of
pharmaceutical excipients, chitin, metal silicates and sugar alcohols in order to give a
scientific background/context to the research subject matter reported in subsequent chapter of
the thesis.
When chitin is used in pharmaceutical formulations processing of chitin with metal silicates is
advantageous, from both an industrial and pharmaceutical perspective, compared to
processing using silicon dioxide. Unlike the use of acidic and basic reagents for the industrial
preparation of chitin-silica particles, co-precipitation of metal silicates is dependent upon a
simple replacement reaction between sodium silicate and metal chlorides. When co -
precipitated onto chitin particles, aluminum, magnesium, or calcium silicates result in non-
hygroscopic, highlycompactable, and disintegrable compacts. Disintegration and hardness
parameters for co-processed chitin compactswere investigated and found to be independent of
the particle size. Capillary action appears to be the major contributor to both water uptake and
Page | 15
the driving force for disintegration of compacts. The good compaction and compression
properties exhibited by the chitin–metal silicates were found to be strongly dependent upon
the type of metal silicate co-precipitated onto chitin. In addition, the inherent binding and
disintegration abilities of chitin–metalsilicates are useful in pharmaceutical applications when
poorly compressible and/or highly non-polar drugs need to be formulated.
Chitin forms non-hygroscopic, highly compactable, disintegrable compacts when co-

processed with crystalline mannitol. The compaction properties of the co-processed mannitol-
chitin mixture were found to be dependent upon the quantity of mannitol added to chitin, in
addition to the granulation procedure used. Optimal physiochemical properties of the
excipient, from a manufacturing perspective, were obtained using a co -processed mannitol-
chitin (2:8 w/w) mixture prepared by wet granulation (Cop-MC). Disintegration time,
crushing strength and friability of tablets produced by Cop-MC, using magnesium stearate as
a lubricant, were found to be independent of the particle size of the prepared granules. The
inherent binding and disintegration properties of the compressed Cop-MC are useful for the
formulation of poorly compressible, low and high strength active pharmaceutical ingredients.
The ability to co-process α-chitin with crystalline mannitol allows chitin to be used as a
valuable industrial pharmaceutical excipient. -chitin using direct compression as well as spray,
wet and dry granulation. The effect of the ratio of the two components, percentage of lubricant
and particle size on the properties of the prepared co -processed excipient has been
investigated. A co-processed excipient was prepared from commercially available crystalline
mannitol and
3) Advantech Mfg. (www.advantechmfg.com); “TESTSIEVING: PRINCIPLES AND

PROCEDURES-A DISCUSSION OF THE USES, CAPABILITIES”
4) John R. Anderson; “SAND SIEVE ANALYSIS”
The size of sediment particles can be measured by visual estimation or by use by a set of
sieves. With experience, most geologists can visually measure grain size within accuracy of
the Wentworth grade scale at least down to silt grade. Silt and clay can be differentiated by
whether they are crunchy or plastic between one’s teeth.Claystonesand siltstones are not
amenable to size analysis from an optical microscope. Their particle size can be measured
Page | 16
individually by electron microscope analysis. Boulder, cobbles, and gravel are best measured
manually with a tape measure or ruler.
Sands are most generally measured by sieving. The basic principle of this technique is as
follows. A sand sample of known weight is passed through a set of sieves of known mesh
sizes. The sieves are arranged in downward decreasing mesh diameters. The sieves are
mechanically vibrated for a fixed period of time. The weight of sediment retained on each
sieve is measured and converted into a percentage of the total sediment sample. This method
is quick and sufficiently accurate for most purposes. Essentially it measures the maximum
diameter of a sediment grain. This method is useful in analysis of terrigenous sediment.
Both graphic and statistical methods of data presentation have been developed for the
interpretation of sieve data. The percentage of the samples in each class can be shown
graphically in bar charts or histogram. Another method of graphic display is the cumulative
curve or cumulative arithmetic curve. Cumulative curves are extremely useful because many
sample curves can be plotted on the same graph and differences in sorting are at once
apparent. The closer a curve approaches the vertical the better sorted it is, as a major
percentage of sediment occurs in one class. Significant percentages of course and fine end-
members show up as horizontal limbs at the ends of the curve.
Sorting can be expressed by various statistical methods. The simplest of these is the
measurement of the central tendency of which there are three commonly used parameters: the
median, the mode, and the mean. The median grain size is that which separates 50% of the
sample from the other; the median is the 50 percentiles. The mode is the largest class interval.
The mean is variously defined, but a common formula is the average of the 25 and 75
percentiles.
A second aspect of sieve analysis is its sorting or the measure of degree of scatter. Sorting is
the tendency for the grains to all is of one class of grain size. Several formulae have been used
to define this parameter for a sample.
A third property of a grain size frequency curve is termed "kurtosis" or the degree of
"peakedness". Curves which are more peaked than the normal distribution curve are termed
"leptokurtic"; those which are saggier than the normal are said to be "platykurtic".
Page | 17
The fourth property of a sieve analysis is its skewness, or degree of lop-sidedness. Samples
weighted towards the course end-member are said to be positively skewed (lop-sided toward
the negative phi values), samples weighted towards the fine end are said to be negatively
skewed (lop-sided toward the positive phi values).
In summary the four statistical measurements for sieved samples consist of a measure of
central tendency (including median, mode, and mean); a measure of the degree of scatter or
sorting; kurtosis, the degree of peaked ness; and skewness, the lop-sidedness of the curve.
Various formulae have been defined for these parameters the set of formulae we will use will
be Folk and Ward’s (1957).
Within geology accurate sieve analyses are required for Petro physical studies which relate
sand texture to porosity and permeability. The distribution of sediment for water wells also
requires a detailed knowledge of the sediment of aquifers. Sieve analysis data can be used as
an interpretive tool to determine the depositional environment of ancient sediments. The
philosophy behind this approach is that modern environments mold the distribution of
sediment and these differences can be quantitatively distinguished. Thus, by comparing the
sieve analysis data from modern depositional environments with samples from the geologic
past the depositional environment for these ancient samples can be determined.
Page | 18
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 DETAIL DESIGN
3.1 Mission Statement
To provide guidance during product development phases, the team usually formulates a
detailed definition of the product, target market and assumptions under which product will be
developed. These decisions are highlighted in the product mission statement which includes
the following
A. Brief description of the product
B. Key business goals
C. Target Markets
3.1.1 Mission Statement for Design Sieving Machine

To design and fabricate simple, small and portable sieving machine which helps to separate
the crops in to coarser and finer particles.
Table 2 mission statement
Product Description Sieving Machine

Key Business Goals -Introduce to the market specially for the local construction area
-Introduce to the contractors
-to minimize un wanted labor loss (man power loss)
-to sieve the sand at high quality and amount
Primary Market Government, machine manufacturer

Secondary Market Local building contractors, large construction owner,
universities and other large organizations that participate in
construction
Page | 19
3.2 Identifying Customers Need

The process of identifying customer needs is an integral part of product development process
and is related to concept generation, concept selection, bench marking and establishing target
specifications. Identifying customer needs is a process divided into the following phases:
1) Gather raw data from customers (VOC)
2) Interpret raw data in terms of customer needs
3) Establish relative importance of needs
4) Reflect on the result and process
3.2.1 Identifying Customer Needs for sand sieving machine

To identify customer needs, the project team started by gathering raw data from construction
workers in our university and on other around Gondar. The team used one to one interview
method for collecting data.
The total number of customers interviewed were 10 (M Male= 6, and Female=4). The
interviews were conducted at University of Gondar at Institute of Technology and the focus
group belonged to workers(labors) especially in Gondar university.
The customer survey is shown in Table
Table 3 Voice of Customer
Voice of Customer Number of votes

(out of 100%)
automatic operation 13
Easy to use 10
Aesthetic 4
Ergonomics 8
Have an automatic switch mechanism 4
Portability 7
Maintainability 4
Fast operation 11
Page | 20
Have a less sound (not noisy and jerky) 5

Less electric power consumption 7
Manual mechanism installed 4
Cheap machine and spare parts 6
Corrosion resistance 9
Durability 8
3.2.2 Conversion of VOC into Customer Needs

After getting voice of customers, the data was translated in terms of customer requirements.
For conversion from VOC to customer needs, the group followed the basic guidelines such as
use of positive phrases, avoiding use of must and should, expressing the needs in terms of
product attributes, etc. [5].
This Table presents each voice of customer interpreted in terms of customer need.
Table 4 Customer needs
Voice of Customer Needs
automatic operation Operate automatically
Easy to use Easy design

Aesthetic Attractive appearance
Ergonomics ergonomics
Adjusting automatic switch on and off

Have an automatic switch mechanism
system
Portability In order to move one place to another
Maintainability Easy to replace and availability of material
Fast operation With the given period of time to done
Have a less sound (not noisy) Decrease the disturbance of sound
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Less electric power consumption Reduce power consumption

To access with human force instead of
Manual mechanism installed
electric power
Cheap machine and spare parts Less cost
Corrosion resistance Good material use
Durability Good life of usage
3.2.3 Establish relative importance of needs

Relative importance is a value that is subjectively allocated to customer needs on a scale 1-5
(5 most important) or 1-10 (10 most important). The team selected a range from 1 to 5 to rank
the customer needs where 5 indicating the most important need and 1 indicating the least
important need [6].
The relative importance of needs is shown in the Table below
Table 5 Relative Importance of Customer needs
No
Voice of Customer Importance
.
1.
automatic operation 5
2. Easy to use 5
3. Aesthetic 4
4. Ergonomics 5
5. Have an automatic switch mechanism 3
6. Portability 4
7. Maintainability 5
8. Fast operation 5
9. Have a less sound (not noisy) 4
Page | 22
10. Less electric power consumption 4
11. Manual mechanism installed 3

12 Cheap machine and spare parts 4
13 Corrosion resistance 4
14 Durability 4
3.2.4 Reflect upon the results and the process

The final step in identifying customer needs is to reflect upon the results and the process. The
process of identifying customer needs is not an exact science, and methods of gathering and
identifying customer needs vary from product to product and also depend on the thinking
approach of the team members. Therefore, the group did a brain storming session to challenge
the data gathered from customers to highlight any discrepancies in the data. After thorough
deliberations, the team finally agreed that the customer needs mentioned in above table are
comprehensive enough to proceed to next product development stage
3.3 CONCEPT GENERATION

A product concept is a general description of the working principal and form ofthe product. It
is usually expressed as a sketch or as a rough three-dimensional model with some brief
description [11].
The concept generation process begins with a set of customer needs andtarget specifications
and results in a set of product concepts from which thefinal concept is chosen. The structured
approach to concept generationconsists of the following five steps [12]:
1. Clarify the problem

2. Search externally
3. Search internally
4. Explore systematically
5. Reflect upon the results and the process
This section deals with concept generation for Sieving machinewith reference to some of the
steps mentioned above:
Page | 23
3.3.1 Concept Generation for sand Sieving Machine

As a first step to concept generation for sand sieving machine, the team’s first task was to
clarify the problem by any suitable functional decomposition. The functional decomposition is
shown in Fig below.
Figure 11 flow chart
1.Clarify the problem

This consists of developing a general understanding and then breaking down problems into
sub-problems if necessary. Functional Decomposition is only one of several possible ways to
divide a problem into simpler sub problems.
Energy sourcePosition of machine Sand feeding to hopper Clean of screen Machine structure
figure 12 functional decomposition of problem

2. Search externally
External search is aimed at finding existing solutions to both the overall problem and to
the sub problems identified during the problem clarification step. So, we have gathered
information from different sources.by discussing with the workers at the construction area we
have decided to make our design
 The machine arrangement should be horizontal to get good quality sand and discharge
large particles to the discharge storage tanker.
 To use AC motor for driving mechanism the machine
3. Search internally
Page | 24
This is the use of personal and team knowledge and creativity to generate solution concepts.
So,our group generates different solutions by using brainstorming for different problems of
the existing design based on the customer requirement even we cannot able to give a solution
for all the customer requirements. To
 Use medium size machine for our design to move easily
 Use slider mechanism to reciprocate the sieving screen to separate the fine sand from
course
 Use the pulley fixed with shaft and then fix this shaft with one of the
sliders(connecting rod) that is connected to another crank(connecting rod)
 Select the electrical energy as source power for the machine
 The advantages obtained by position of sieving screen. For example, the sieving
machine may be aligned in horizontal or inclined way.
Table 6 : comparison of sand sieving machine position
Inclined Horizontal
 Easily discharge of  To get better fine sand, good quality
course(unwanted)sands sand but discharging is difficult as
 Get lessfined sand, less compared to inclined
quantity due to there is  Require manual power to remove the
discharge of part of fine course particle
sands with the combination
of course particle
4. Explore systematically
From the result of the external and internal search activities, we have collected many concept
fragments or solutions to the different problems.
For those problems, we have generated a lot of concepts, but most of the concepts are related
to each other and we come together those related concepts and finalize in to two main
concepts.Systematic exploration is aimed at navigating the space of possibilities by organizing
and synthesizing these solution fragments. When we explode systematically the two concepts.
Page | 25
Energy source Sand feeding to hopper

position Cleaning of screen Machine structure
Inclined At the top(by

solar At theofside(by
help gravity) From discharge
help of gravity) to conveyor
manually
electric then to
discharge tanker
At
90 the bottom(help
fuel horizontal of conveyor ) From discharge
automatically to storage
tanker
Battery
Key
Concept one
Concept two
Concept three
Figure 13: schematic representation of concept generated
3.4 Concept selection

Concept Selectionis the process of evaluating concepts with respect to customer needs and
other criteria, comparing the relative strengths and weaknesses of the concepts, and selecting
one or more concepts for further investigation or development. For selecting the best
concept,we use concept score method.
Table 7 concept score method
Number Selection criteria importance

(out of 100%)
1 automation 13
2 Easy to use 10
Page | 26
3 Aesthetic 4
4 Ergonomics 8
5 automatic switch mechanism 4
6 Portability 7
7 Easy to maintenance 4
8 Fast operate 11
9 Have a less sound (not noisy and 5
jerky)
10 Less electric power consumption 7
11 Manual mechanism installed 4
12 Cheap machine and spare parts 6
13 Corrosion resistance 9
14 Durability 8
Step 1. Prepare the Selection Matrix

As in the screening stage, we prepare a matrix and identifies a reference concept. A computer
spreadsheet may prove useful to facilitate ranking and sensitivity analysis.
Similarly, selection criteria may be provided in greater detail. After the criteria are entered,
weadd importance weights to the matrix for each criterion.
Step 2. Rate the Concepts
One way to rate the concepts is to compare them to the reference concept. Because of the need
for additional resolution to distinguish among competing concepts, a finer scale is used with
following being recommended:
Rating relative performance
Page | 27
1 ………………Much worse than reference concept

2 ……………...Worse than reference concept
3 ……………...Same as reference concept
4 ……………...Better than reference concept
5 ……………...Much better than reference concept
Step 3. Rank the Concepts
Once the ratings are entered for each concept, weighted scores are calculated by multiplying
raw scores by the criteria weights. The total score for each concept is the sum of the weighted
scores:
Step 4. Combine & Improve the Concepts
The team looks for changes or combinations that improve the concepts. Although the formal
concept generation process is typically completed before concept selection begins, some of
the most creative refinements and improvements occur during the concept selection process as
we realize the inherent strengths and weaknesses of certain features of the product concepts.
Step 5. Select One or More Concepts
The final selection is not simply a question of choosing the concept that attains the highest
ranking after the first pass through the process. This is done by varying the weights and
ratings to determine their effect on the rankings.
Table 8 result of concepts
Selecti W Concepts
on e
Reference Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3
Criteria i
g
Weighted
Weighted
Weighted
Weighted
h
Rating
Rating
Rating
Rating
Score
Score
Score
score
t
1 1 5 65 5 65 4 52 4 52
3
2 1 4 40 4 40 3 30 5 50
0
3 4 2 8 2 8 1 4 2 8
4 8 4 32 4 32 3 24 4 32
Page | 28
5 4 1 4 2 8 2 8 2 8
6 7 3 21 3 21 3 21 4 28
7 4 2 8 2 8 1 4 2 8
8 1 4 44 5 55 3 33 4 44
1
9 5 2 10 3 15 2 10 2 10
10 7 3 21 4 28 3 21 3 21
11 4 1 4 2 8 2 8 1 4
12 6 2 12 3 18 3 18 2 12
13 9 3 27 4 36 3 27 4 36
14 8 3 24 4 32 3 24 3 24
Net score 320 374 284 337
Rank 3 1 4 2
Page | 29
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DESIGN ANALYSIS
4.1 Material selection
The selection of a proper material, for engineering purposes, is one of the most difficult
problem for the designer. The best material is one which serve the desired objective at the
minimum cost. The following factors should be considered while selecting the material:
 Availability of the materials,

 Suitability of the materials for the working conditions in service, and
 The cost of the materials.
The important properties, which determine the utility of the material are
 physical,
 chemical and
 mechanical properties
Physical Properties of Metals
The physical properties of the metals include luster, color, size and shape, density, electric and
thermal conductivity, and melting point. The following table shows the important physical
properties of some pure metals.
Table 9 physical properties of metal
Page | 30
Mechanical Properties of Metals
The mechanical properties of the metals are those which are associated with the ability of the
material to resist mechanical forces and load. These mechanical properties of the metal
include strength, stiffness, elasticity, plasticity, ductility, brittleness, malleability, toughness,
resilience, creep and hardness. We shall now discuss these properties as follows:
 Strength. It is the ability of a material to resist the externally applied forces without
breaking or yielding. The internal resistance offered by a part to an externally applied
force is called stress.
 Stiffness. It is the ability of a material to resist deformation under stress. The modulus
of elasticity is the measure of stiffness.
 Elasticity. It is the property of a material to regain its original shape after deformation
when the external forces are removed. This property is desirable for materials used in
tools and machines. It may be noted that steel is more elastic than rubber.
 Plasticity. It is property of a material which retains the deformation produced under
load permanently. This property of the material is necessary for forgings, in stamping
images on coins and in ornamental work.
 Ductility. It is the property of a material enabling it to be drawn into wire with the
application of a tensile force. A ductile material must be both strong and plastic. The
ductility is usually measured by theterms, percentage elongation and percentage
reduction in area. The ductile material commonly used in engineering practice (in
order of diminishing ductility) are mild steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, zinc, tin and
lead.
 Brittleness. It is the property of a material opposite to ductility. It is the property of
breaking of a material with little permanent distortion. Brittle materials when
subjected to tensile loads, snap off without giving any sensible elongation. Cast iron is
a brittle material.
 Malleability. It is a special case of ductility which permits materials to be rolled or
hammered into thin sheets. A malleable material should be plastic but it is not essential
to be so strong. The malleable materials commonly used in engineering practice (in
Page | 31
order of diminishing malleability) are: - lead, soft steel, wrought iron, copper and
aluminum.
 Toughness. It is the property of a material to resist fracture due to high impact loads
like hammer blows. The toughness of the material decreases when it is heated. It is
measured by the amount of energy that a unit volume of the material has absorbed
after being stressed up to the point of fracture. This property is desirable in parts
subjected to shock and impact loads.
 Machinability. It is the property of a material which refers to a relative case with
which a material can be cut. The machinability of a material can be measured in a
number of ways such as comparing the tool life for cutting different materials or thrust
required to remove the material at some given rate or the energy required to remove a
unit volume of the material. It may be noted that brass can be easily machined than
steel.
 Resilience. It is the property of a material to absorb energy and to resist shock and
impact loads. It is measured by the amount of energy absorbed per unit volume within
elastic limit. This property is essential for spring materials.
 Creep. When a part is subjected to a constant stress at high temperature for a long
period of time, it will undergo a slow and permanent deformation called creep. This
property is considered in designing internal combustion engines, boilers and turbines.
 Fatigue. When a material is subjected to repeated stresses, it fails at stresses below the
yield point stresses. Such type of failure of a material is known as fatigue. The failure
is caused by means of a progressive crack formation which are usually fine and of
microscopic size. This property is considered in designing shafts, connecting rods,
springs, gears, etc.
 Hardness. It is a very important property of the metals and has a wide variety of
meanings. It embraces many different properties such as resistance to wear, scratching,
deformation and machinability etc. It also means the ability of a metal to cut another
metal. The hardness is usually expressed in numbers which are dependent on the
method of making the test. The hardness of a metal may be determined by the
following tests:
 Brinell hardness test,
Page | 32
 Rockwell hardness test,

 Vickers hardness (also called Diamond Pyramid) test, and
 Shore scleroscope.
4.1.1 Material for Pulley:

The most widely used types of pulleys material for flat belts are: cast iron pulleys, steel
pulleys, wooden pulleys, paper pulleys, and fast and loose.By considering the above
properties we select the cast iron for pulley with the following properties
The cast iron is obtained by re-melting pig iron with coke and limestone in a furnace known
ascupola. It is primarily an alloy of iron and carbon. The carbon contents in cast iron varies
from 1.7 per cent to 4.5 per cent. It also contains small amounts of silicon, manganese,
phosphorous and Sulphur.
The properties of cast iron which make it a valuable material for engineering purposes are its
 low cost,
 good casting characteristics,
 high compressive strength,
 wear resistance and excellent machinability. The compressive strength of cast iron is
muchgreater than the tensile strength.
Following are the values of ultimate strength of cast iron:
Tensile strength = 100 to 200 MPa
Compressive strength = 400 to 1000 MPa
Shear strength = 120 MPa
4.1.2 Material for Sieve:

Due to the followingproperties we select mild steel for sieving component with the following
values
 Low carbon steel (mild steel 0.15% to 0.45% carbon) is the most commonly used
engineering material.
Page | 33
 It is cheap, is available in a wide range of standard forms and sizes and can be easily
worked and welded.
 It has good tensile strength and ductility.
 Density =7860Kg/m3
4.1.3 Material for Belt and selection of belt:
The belts are used to transmit power from one shaft to another by means of pulleys which
rotate at the same speed or at different speeds. There are many types of belts used, but flat and
V-belts are widely used in the factories and workshops, yet for this design we used flat belt.
Because,
 Flat belts are more durable and smaller weight per unit length than V-belts.
 The construction of pulleys for flat belts is simpler than pulleys of V- belts.
 Since the V-belts are subjected to certain amount of creep, they are not suitable for
constant speed applications such as synchronous machines and timing devices.
 The belt life of V-belts is greatly influenced with temperature changes, improper belt
tension and mismatching of belt lengths.
 Due to the centrifugal tension the speed of V-belts is limited
Material used for Belts
We select rubber belts because one of the principle advantages of these belts is that they may
be easily made endless. And these belts are found suitable for saw mills, paper mills where
they are exposed to moisture. The rubber belts are made of layers of fabric impregnated with
rubber composition and have a thin layer of rubber on the faces and these belts are very
flexible.
 The mass density of rubber belt is 1140kg/m3.
 The coefficient of friction of rubber belt for cast iron pulley is µ = 0.3.
: Coefficient of friction between belt and pulley
Page | 34
Table 10 material properties for belt
4.1.4 Material for frame, shaft, key, connecting rod, sieving screen(sieve) and its support
nut and bolt
We have selected a mild steel for: Frame, shaft, key,connecting rod, nut and bolt by
considering the following properties;
 Low carbon steel (mild steel 0.15% to 0.45% carbon) is the most commonly used
engineering material.
 It is cheap, is available in a wide range of standard forms and sizes and can be easily
worked and welded.
 It has good tensile strength and ductility.
 The carbon steels and iron are not resistant to corrosion, except in certain specific
environments, such as concentrated Sulphur acid and the caustic alkalis. They are
suitable for use with most organic solvents, except chlorinated solvents; but traces of
corrosion products may cause discoloration.
Mild steel is susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking in certain environments.The corrosion
resistance of the low alloy steels (less than 5 per cent of alloyingelements), where the alloying
elements are added to improve the mechanical strengthand not for corrosion resistance, is not
significantly different from that of the plaincarbon steels.as the number of carbon increases
the material property becomes hard and brittle this was the reason to select the low carbon
steel.
But to minimize the corrosion we can use anti rest paintings
Table 11 Mild steel property table [3]

Page | 35
Material Tensile Modules of Hardness Specific

type strength elasticity Brinell gravity
N/mm2 (KN/mm2) (HB)
Mild steel 430 210 100 – 200 7.9
4.1.5 Material for Caster wheel:

Wheel materials include cast iron, plastic, rubber, polyurethane, forged steel, stainless steel,
aluminum, and more.so by considering their availability we select the material cast iron for
the caster wheel.
4.2 Motor selection for sieving machine

To select the motor type, we used the following Motor selection criteria’s: a motor that will
Produces a higher torque, Suitability of the motor for the given operation, Long life and low
maintenance, Works well with gearboxes.
Brushless DC Motors and AC motor
Looking at the brushless DC (BLDC) stator construction, a designer will notice it is similar to
that of an AC Motor. The rotor is constructed of a steel hub wrapped with permanent magnets;
typically composed of a high energy, rare earth material. In a six step or trapezoidal operated
motor, there will quite often be a lower grade magnet for use with the Hall Effect commutation
encoder. These sensors tell the control when to fire the stator coils, replacing the commutator and
brushes found on UM and PMDC motors. Like AC Induction Motors, when the parts are
properly applied the only wear will be on the bearings.
General Characteristics of motor:
Variable speed operation
High efficiency between 70%-95% (small to large)
High starting torque
Requires a control to operate
Life 20,000+ hours
Similar speed torque characteristics to PMDC
The performance of a BLDC motor looks very like that of a PMDC motor in that the speed-
torque curve has a very linear progression from no load to stall. While the performance curve
Page | 36
looks similar, the efficiency and power density of the BLDC motor are superior to that of the
PMDC. BLDC motors are becoming a more popular choice in applications as the price and size
of control electronics are reduced. A recent challenge to the advancement of BLDC motors is the
volatility of the rare materials used in the magnets. While the price and supply issues of 2011
have subsided, the overall cost of the material has stabilized at a higher rate than the historical
averages. For this reason, it is important to work with the motor manufacturer to ensure the
motor design effectively balances performance and cost.
Table 12 comparison of different motor types
Voltage AC, DC DC AC AC, DC
Speed 8000-20000+ 350--6000 1200-3400 2300-3800

Horsepower Very high Medium Low-medium High
Efficiency 55-70% 60-70% 40-80% 65-80%
Life Low Medium Very high Very high

Maintenance High Medium Very low Very low
Noise Noisy Medium Quiet Very quiet
Speed regulation Poor Fair Good Excellent

Starting torque High Very high Low medium Very high
based on the above comparison we select the AC motor for sieving machine to drive them.
Generally,the motor used for this purpose is an AC motor. These are primarily used as a source
of constant speed mechanical power as well as variable speed controllers with high efficiency,
low maintenance and exceptional reliability. More over the AC motors use the AC power right
Page | 37
off the lines making it efficient without any extended rectifier circuit unit unlike DC motors.
Due to the following disadvantages of brushless DC motor
Table 13 disadvantages of brushless DC motor
High cost due to rare earth magnets

Requires control to operate
Cogging at low speeds (less than 300 rpm)
we select AC motor with following motor specifications
 Three phase AC motor
 Power¿ 4 HP =2.984watt~3watt
 Speed = 1440rpm
But now a day’s standard motors are manufactured with a gearbox reduction system mounted
on them to meet a specific need to control the speed change. In our case the crank of the
sieving machine is required to rotate at 60rpm. Thus, we reduce the 1440rpm of the motor
first by a gearbox reduction system and then by a pulley system.
Table 14 Worm gear reduction table for 1440rpm motor
From the above standard table, we select a gear reduction ratio of i= 6 to maintain the
efficiency higher with a greater reduction. Thus, the rotation of the motor is reduced from
1440rpm to 240rpm using a gear reduction ratio of i= 6.
Page | 38
4.3 DESIGN OF SHAFT

A shaft is a rotating machine element which is used to transmit power from one place to another.
The power is delivered to the shaft by some tangential force and the resultant torque (or twisting
moment) set up within the shaft permits the power to be transferred to various machines linked
up to the shaft.
Material requirement of the shaft determined by considering the following properties: -
 High wear resistance

 Sufficient high strength
 Sufficient high stiffness
 High yield strength
 Good machinability
 Good weld ability
Depend on the above property, we select mild steel having the following values
 an allowable shear stress of 42 MPa with key allowance

 the maximum tensile or compressive stress is not to exceed56 MPa
 number of shafts used = 2
4.3.1 Design of Motor shaft

This shaft transmits power from the motor to the smaller pulley of the machine. It is subjected to
a twisting moment (torque) only, so the diameter of this shaft can be obtained by using the
tensional equation:
T τ
= ……………………………….
J r
Where,
T=torque acting on shaft
J=polar moment of inertia of the shaft
τ =torsional shear stress
r=radius of the shaft
Since mild steel is used to design this shaft, so the shear stress of mild steel is τ =42Mpa
Given data
Page | 39
Motor power (P) = 3kW

Reduced revolution (N)= 240rpm for maximum efficiency
Then motor torque is calculated as:
2 πNT
P=
60
3
P × 60 60 × 3× 10
T= =¿ =120 N . m
2 πN 2 π × 240
For round solid shaft:

π d4
J=
32
Then, substituting in equa-1above
T 2τ
=
πd 4
d
32
3 32 ×T 32×120000 Nmm 3
d= = =14551.11 mm
2π ×τ 2 π × 42 N /mm 2
d=24.4 mm
From the standard table we take the standard shaft diameter,d=25 mm
4.4 Design of Pulley

Pulleys are used to transmit power from one shaft to another by means of flat belts, V-belts or
ropes. The pulleys must be in perfect alignment in order4.4 to allow the belt to travel in a line
normal to the pulley faces.
Types of pulleys for flat belts
1) Cast iron pulleys,
2) Steel pulleys,
3) Wooden pulleys,
4) Paper pulleys, and
5) Fast and loose pulleys.
The Material selection for pulley and types of pulleyis cast iron based on the following matrix
Table 15 Design Matrix for selection of pulley type
Page | 40
No Property Cast iron Steel Aluminum Wooden

pulley pulley pulley pulley
1 Machine 3 4 5 5
ability
2 Cost 3 2 5 5
3 Strength and 5 4 3 2
durability
4 Friction 5 3 4 5
5 Availability 3 3 5 5
6 Liable to 4 5 3 2
break
7 Life time 5 5 3 2
Total 28 26 28 26
Steel pulleys are not provided in our purpose, because they are used when the center to center
distance of shafts is small. Therefore, it is better to use cast iron pulley or aluminum pulley. In
our case for the pulleys on the shafts should be cast iron pulleys, in order to prevent wear of
belt and pulley due to themaximum speed. The cast iron pulleys may be solid.
Specifications of cast iron pulley
Power of motor, p=3kW
Density of cast iron, ρ =7200kg/m3
Reduced Speed of motor, N1= 240rpm
Ultimate tensile stress, σ u=170Mpa,
Ultimate shear stress,τ u = 240Mpa (for cast iron)
Assumption to be taken, Diameter of motor pulley, D1 =60mm
Output speed to be, N2= 60rpm
Factor of safety, F.s = 4
Page | 41
σ u 170
Therefore, σ t= = =42.5 MPa which is less than 56MPa so our design is safe.
F.s 4
τu 240
and τ t= = =60 MPa
F.s 4
Then we can calculate the diameter of driven pulley in order to get the required speed by
considering velocity ratio.
 The effect of creep and slip is very small; therefore, it is generally neglected.
N 1 D2 N 1 × D1 240 × 60
= , D 2= = =240 mm
N 2 D1 N2 60
D2 D2
And the thickness of driven pulley rim (t) for single belt varies from +2 mm to +3 mm
300 200
.The diameter of the pulley (D2) is in mm.
240 240
So, thickness of pulley rim is given between,t= +2 mm=2.8 mm , and t= +3 mm=4.2mm
300 200
Then we take the thickness of driven pulley rim is taken as t=4mm.
The pulleys less than 200 mm diameter are made with solid disc instead of arms. The thickness
of the solid web is taken equal to the thickness of rim measured at the center of the pulley face.
The diameter of motor pulley is 60mm so it is made with solid disc.
Number of arms may take as 4 for pulley diameter 200mm-600mm, so number of our driven
pulley arms are 4.
Torque of the pulley is calculated as:
For motor pulley,
60 P 60 × 3 KW
T= = =119.36 Nm
2 π N 1 2 π × 240 rpm
For driven pulley,
60 P 60× 3 KW
T= = =477.46 Nm
2 π N 2 2 π × 60 rpm
Page | 42
Tangential load per arm,
2T
WT= ,
Rn
Where, ‘T’ is the maximum torque of pulley=torque of driven pulley=477.46Nm, ‘R’ is the
radius of driven pulley=0.12mm, and ‘n’ is the number of arms of driven pulley.
2× 477.46
So, W T = =1989.42 N
0.12× 4
Maximum bending moment on the arm of the hub end,
2T 2× 477.46
M= = =218.73 Nm
n 4
Section modulus,
π
Z= ×b1 ( a 1) 2
32
M M 218.73 ×1000
We know that,σ t= , so Z= = =5146.58 mm3, anda1=2b1
Z σt 42.5
b 1=
√
3
π
=
√
32 × Z 3 32× 5146.58
π
=37.425 mm
Then, a 1=2 b1=2 ×37.425=74.85mm
The arms are tapered from hub to rim then tapper is usually 1/48 to1/32.
 A dimension of hub of driven shaft pulley is determined after we know the diameter of
the driven shaft.
4.5 Design of flat belt

By considering the above material and belt selection criteria we analyze the flat belt.
Standard Belt Thicknesses and Widths: The standard flat belt thicknesses are 5, 6.5, 8, 10 and
12 mm. And the standard widths will be 25, 32, 40,50, 63, 71, 80, 90, 100, 112, 125, 140, 160,
180, 200, 224, 250, 280, 315, 355, 400, 450, 500, 560 and600 mm.so for this design we are
select belts with 50mm width and 5mm preferred value of thicknesses.
Page | 43
(Source: Textbook of Machine Design by R.S. KHURMI AND J.K. GUPTA, page702.)
Length of Open Belt Drive:
Figure 14 open belt drive
Let d1 and d2 = Radii of the larger and smaller pulleys, d1= 60mm and d2=240mm
x = Distance between the centers of two pulleys (i.e.O1 to O2), x= 350mm
L = Total length of the belt.
2
π ( d1 + d2 ) π ( 60+240 )2
L= ( d 1 +d 2 ) +2 x+ = ( 60+240 ) +2 ×350+
2 4x 2 4 × 350
L=1.23552 m
While determining the angle of contact, it must be remembered that it is the angle of contact at
the smaller pulley, if both the pulleys are of the same material. We know that
r 2−r 1 120−30 0
For open belt drive, sin α = = =0.25714, α =14.9
x 350
∴ Angle of contact or lap (θ ),
π π
θ=( 180 −2 α ) rad=( 180 −2× 14.9 )
0 0 0
rad=2.6214 rad
180 180
Centrifugal Tension:
Page | 44
figure 15 Centrifugal tension of belt drive
Let, m = Mass of belt per unit length in kg,
v = Linear velocity of belt in m/s,
r = Radius of pulley over which the belt runs in meters, and
TC = Centrifugal tension acting tangentially at P and Q in newtons.
2
T C =m v
But we know that mass of the belt,
m= Area × length× density=b × t ×l × ρ
Where, b = Width of the belt in meters=50mm=0.05m
t = thickness of the belt in meter=5mm=0.005m
l=total length of belt=1.23552 m
ρ=¿Density of rubber belt is 1140kg / m3
m=b × t ×l × ρ=0.05 ×0.005 ×1.23552 m× 1140=0.35212 kg
And we know that the velocity of the belt,
π d 1 N 1 π × 0.06 ×240
v= = =0.754 m/s
60 60
Then,T C =m v 2=0.35212 ×0.754 2=0.2 N
Power Transmitted by a Belt:
Page | 45
figure 16 power transmitted by a belt
Let, T1&T2 = Tensions in the tight side and slack side of the belt respectively
T t 1&T t 2 = total tension in the tight side and slack side of the belt respectively
r1 and r2 = Radii of the driving and driven pulleys respectively in meters,
Thus, we see that the centrifugal tension has no effect on the power transmitted,
Power transmitted =( T t 1−T t 2 ) v=( T 1−T 2 ) 0.754 m/ s=3000W
T 1−T 2=3978.8 N … (i)
And 2.3 log ( )

T1
T2
=μθ=0.3 ×2.6214=0.78642
Taking antilog of 0.342 we get relation,
T 1=2.2T 2… (ii)
Then from (i) and (ii) we know;T 1=7294.5N and T 2=¿3315.67N
When centrifugal tension is taken into account, then total tension in the tight side,
T t 1=T 1+ T C =7294.5 N + 0.2 N =7294.7 N
And total tension in the slack side,
T t 2=T 2 +T C =3315.67+0.2 N=3315.87 N
∴ the maximum tension in the belt is the total tension in the tight side of the belt,
T max=T t 1=7294.7 N
Page | 46
If the width of the belt is known, then width of the pulley or face of the pulley (B) is taken 25%
greater than the width of belt.
B=1.25 b ; Where b = Width of belt.
Thus, B=1.25 ×50 = 62.5mmwhich is less than 125 then pulley width is greater than belt width
by 13
Pulley width=belt width+13
=50+13=63mm
Table 16 Standard width of pulley
(Source: Textbook of Machine Design by R.S. KHURMI AND J.K. GUPTA, page 740.)
4.5.1 Shaft Design for pulley’s

Typical sizes of solid shaft that are available in the market are,
Up to 25 mm ……. 0.5 mm increments
25 to 50 mm ……. 1.0 mm increments
50 to 100 mm ……. 2.0 mm increments
100 to 200 mm …… 5.0 mm increments
By considering the above standards the increment is 2mm like as shown below. A stepped shaft
is driven by means of a motor placed horizontal parallel to it with a flat belt. The pulley on the
line shaft is 240 mm in diameter and has belt tensions; Tight side tension, T 1=7294.5 and Slack
side tension, T2=3315.67 N . Boththese tensions may be assumed to be vertical. If the pulley be
overhang from the shaft, the distance of the center line of the pulley from the center line of the
bearing being 61mm,And there is also a crank disc which mounted on a shaft above the pulley,
and in order to make a clearance between the bearing, pulley, and crank disc there is a journals.
Page | 47
The material selected for the shaft is mild steel. Maximum allowable shear stress of mild steel is
56MPa.
Figure 17 . Loads applied on pulley shaft
We know that torque transmitted by the shaft,
T =( T 1−T 2 ) R ,
Where R is the radius of driven pulley=120mm
3
T =( 7294.5 N−3315.67 N ) 120 mm=477.46 ×10 Nmm
total vertical load acting on the pulley, neglecting shaft load because the shaft load is applied on
the bearing support and on themotor.
W =T 1 +T 2=7294.5 N +3315.67 N =10610.17 N
∴ Bending moment ( M ),
3
M =W × 61mm=10610.17 N × 61 mm=647.22 ×10 Nmm
Let d = Diameter of the shaft in mm.
We know that the equivalent twisting moment,
T e =√ M +T =√ ¿ ¿
2 2
We also know that equivalent twisting moment (Te),
Page | 48
π
T e= × τ × d 3=804.28 ×103
16
d=46.03 mm takethe standard values , d=50 mm
Now, we are able to determine the diameter of the hub of driven pulley (d1) in terms of driven
pulley diameter (d) by the following relation:
We know the diameter of hub ofdriven pulleyin terms ofshaft diameter of50 mm,
diameter of hub of driven pulley, d 1=1.5 d +25 mm=1.5 ×50+25=100 mm

 The diameter of the hub should not be greater than 2d.
π π
The length of the hub, L= × d= ×50=78.54 mm
2 2
4.6 Key design

A key is a piece of material inserted between the shaft and hub or boss of the pulley to connect
these together in order to prevent relative motion between them. It is always inserted parallel to
the axis of the shaft.
figure 18 key
Types of keys
I. sunk key
II. tangent key
III. saddle key
IV. round key
V. splines
Page | 49
Material selection
Material selected for our design is a parallel sunk key made of mild Steel with the following
material properties
Table 17 yield strengthand other properties of mild steel
Material Tensile Modules of Hardness Specific Yield

type strength elasticity Brinell gravity strength
N/mm2 (KN/mm2) (HB) (N/mm2)
Mild steel 430 210 100 - 200 7.9 250
 yield strength,σyt = 250 MPa

 assume factor of safety to be 1.5
4.6.1 Design of key for motor shaft

Given data to analyze key for the shaft ofmotor
 diameter of the motor shaft, d=25mm,

 Torque transmitted by the shaft, T1 = 120000Nmm
 according to distortion energy failure theory τ =0.577∗σ yt
¿ 0.577∗250=144.25 MPa
σ yt
 crushing stress σ c =
n
¿ 250/1.5=166.67 MPa
Table 18 Proportion of standard parallel, tapered, and gib head key
Page | 50
From Table we find that for a shaft of 25mm diameter
Width of the key Wk= 10mm and
Thickness of the key tk= 8mm
The length of key is obtained by considering the key in shearing and crushing,
Considering shearing of the key;
the shearing strength of the key is equal to the torsional shear strength of the shaft.
We know that the shearing strength of key (torque transmitted), of the key
l∗w∗τ∗d
T= ……………………………………………………………. i
2
l∗10∗144.25∗25
=
2
¿ 18031.25∗L Nmm
and torsional shearing strength (or torque transmitted) of the shaft,
3
π∗τ∗d
T= ………………………………………………………………. ii
16
Page | 51
3
π∗144.25∗25
=T =
16
¿ 442329.1 Nmm
From equations (i) and (ii), we have
18031.25∗L Nmm=442329.1 Nmm
442329.1
L=
18031.25
L=24.53 mm
Considering crushing of the key;
shearing strength (or torque transmitted) of the key
l∗t
∗σc∗d
2 …………………………………….……………...iii
T=
2
l∗8
∗166.67∗25
2
T=
2
T =8333.5∗l
From equations (ii) and (iii), we have
8333.5∗l Nmm=442329.1 Nmm
442329.1
L=
8333.5
L=53.08 mm
Then Taking larger of the two values, we have length of key, L = 53.08 mm
thickness of key
Depth of keyway, h=
2
8
h=
2
Page | 52
¿ 4 mm
4.6.2 Design of key for pulley shaft

Given data to analyze key design for pulley shaft
 diameter of the shaft, d=50mm,

 Torque transmitted by the shaft T2 = 477460Nmm
 Density of mild steel=7860Kg/m3
From the above Table we find that for a shaft of 50 mm diameter
Width of the key Wk = 16mm and Thickness of the key tk= 10mm
Considering shearing of the key;
Length of the key can be found by relating the following equations.
the shearing strength of the key is equal to the torsional shear strength of the shaft.
We know that the shearing strength of key (torque transmitted), of the key
l∗w∗τ∗d
T= ………………………………………………………………...i
2
l∗16∗144.25∗50
=
2
¿ 57700∗L Nmm
and torsional shearing strength (or torque transmitted) of the shaft,
π∗τ∗d 3
T= ……………………………………………ii
16
π∗144.25∗503
=T =
16
¿ 3538632.8 Nmm
From equations (i) and (ii), we have
57700∗L Nmm=3538632.8 Nmm
Page | 53
3538632.8
L=
57700
L=61.33 mm
Considering crushing of the key;
shearing strength (or torque transmitted) of the key
l∗t
∗σc∗d
2 …………………………………….…...iii
T=
2
l∗10
∗166.67∗50
2
T=
2
T =20833.75∗l
From equations (ii) and (iii), we have
20833.75∗lNmm=3538632.8 Nmm
3538632.8
L=
20833.75
L=169.85 mm
Then Taking larger of the two values, we have length of key, L = 169.85 mm
thickness of key
Depth of keyway, h=
2
10
h=
2
¿ 5 mm
4.7 Caster selection

To select the right caster for our design we should consider the following factors
 the total load applied on the caster
 The number of casters to be used in equipment.
 Floor type (concrete, steel, carpet, etc.)
Page | 54
 Floor condition (are it cracks, bumps, unleveled floors)

 Environment (is the equipment operating in high temperature, wet or humid condition
etc.
 Floor cleanliness (are the floors clean or contain debris such as metal chips, grease,
gravel, etc.
Types of caster
I. swivel caster
II. rigid caster
Using swivel caster is better than the rigid caster because swivel caster allows movement in
multiple directions (it swivels 360 degrees under the load).
Types of caster mountings

I. hollow king pin casters
II. plate casters
III. Stem casters etc.
From these mounting types plate caster is suitable for our design since it can carry heavy
loads.
Figure 19 caster selection
Page | 55
4.8 Bearing design and selection

The rotating shaft or pulley shaft requires a bearing at the ends for support.so to select the
appropriate support we use the following criteria.
 Low starting and running friction except at very high speeds.
 Ability to withstand momentary shock loads.
 Accuracy of shaft alignment.
 Low cost of maintenance, as no lubrication is required while in service.
 Small overall dimensions.
 Reliability of service.
 Easy to mount and erect.
 Cleanliness.
By considering the above factors, we select an angular contact ball bearing because it satisfies
almost the above selection criteria. And these bearings have
 One side of the outer race cut away to permit the insertion of more balls than in a deep
groove bearing but without having a notch cut into both races.
 This permits the bearing to carry a relatively large axial load in one direction while also
carrying a relatively large radial load.
 The angular contact bearings are usually used in pairs so that thrust loads may be carried
in either direction.
Bearing load:
The magnitude of the load is the factor which usually determines the size of bearing to be
used. Generally, roller bearings can carry heavier loads than ball bearings having the same
external dimension. The load direction of bearings must be considered for selection bearing in
addition to the magnitude of the load. When the bearings carry pure radial load, deep groove
ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings and needle roller bearings should be selected. When
the bearings carry pure axial load, thrust ball bearings, cylindrical roller thrust bearings and
needle roller thrust bearings should be selected. When bearings carry combined load, which
comprises a radial and an axial load acting simultaneously, angular contact ball bearings or
tapered roller bearings are generally selected. If radial load in combined load is larger and
axial load in combined load is smaller, deep groove ball bearings or cylindrical roller bearings
with ribbed rings can be selected. If axial load is principle in combined load, angular contact
Page | 56
ball bearings or spherical roller thrust bearings should be selected. When the load acts
eccentrically on the bearing, tilting moments will arise. If moment load is not large, single
row angular contact ball bearings in pair or tapered roller bearings arranged face-to-face or
back-to-back are more suitable.
Table 19 principal dimensions for radial ball bearing
From this table we select the bearing number 210 based on the shaft diameter of
pulley(d=50mm). The bearings are designated by a number. In general, the number consists of
at least three digits. Additional digits or letters are used to indicate special features e.g. deep
groove, filling notch etc. The last three digits give the series and the bore of the bearing. The
last two digits from 04 onwards, when multiplied by 5, give the bore diameter in millimeters.
The third from the last digit designates the series of the bearing.
Page | 57
The most common ball bearings are available in four series as follows:
1. Extra light (100),
2. Light (200),
3. Medium (300),
4. Heavy (400)
So, in our case the bearing number is 210, from this 2 indicates the series is light
bore=10*5=50mm
outside diameter=90mm
width=20mm
Table 20 Dimension and load rating for deep groove and angular contact ball bearing
4.8.1 Analysis Bearing supports for shaft of pulley

Based on the diameter of pulley shaft, d=50mm the following data can be obtained from
above table
Dynamic load rating (C10) = 35.1KN
Bearing bore diameter = 50mm
Bearing outer diameter = 90mm
Fillet radius = 1mm
Number of bearing used = 2
Assumed length of shaft of pulley(L) =920mm=0.92m
Bearing life determination
Desired radial load on the bearing(W)
Page | 58
From pulley analysis the load(weight) of pulley is

W =1989.42 N
Figure 20 bearing analysis FBD
taking moment at B= 0 ,
RA∗920 mm−W ∗460 mm=0
RA∗920 mm=W ∗460 mm
W ∗460 mm
RA=
920 mm
1989.42∗460 mm
RA=
920 mm
RA =994.71 N
RA =R B=FR=994.71 N
 Desired axial load of the bearing, FA =0 N , because the load is acting only radially
 Equivalent dynamic load,
Fe=X∗V ∗FR+Y ∗FA
Where; V = A rotation factor, =
 1= for all types of bearings when the inner race is rotating,
 1=for self-aligning bearings when inner race is stationary,
 1.2=for all types of bearings except self-aligning, when
inner race is stationary.
X=1,for radial type angular contact bearing
The values of radial load factor (X) and axial or thrust load factor (Y) for the dynamically
loaded bearings
Page | 59
Fe=1∗1∗FR+Y ∗0
Fe=1∗1∗FR
Fe=FR=994.71 N
 Dynamic load rating
1
XD
C 10=Fe∗af [ 1
]a
x 0+(θ−x 0)(1−RD )(1−RD ) b
 Weibull parameters x 0=0.02 ,(θ – x0 )=4.439 ,b=1.483 and
 R D=0.99
1
 x +(θ−x )(1−R ) b =0.2189
0 0 D
 Application factor,a f =3 – which is for machineries with moderate impact load.

 For ball bearing a= 3
 Dimensionless multiple rating life
1
XD a
C 10=Fe∗af [ 1
]
b
x 0+(θ−x 0)(1−RD )(1−RD )
1
XD 3
35.1=994.71∗3[ ]
0.2189
XD
1627.302=[ ]
0.2189
X D =356.22
 Life of the bearing in revolutions L D
LD
From, X D =
LR
L D=X D∗LR
L D=X D∗LR
L D=356.22∗106 rev
L D=356220000 rev
 Life of the bearing in hours, L H
L D=60∗nd∗L H
356220000 rev=60∗60∗L H
Page | 60
356220000rev
=LH
3600
L H =98950 hrs
4.9Bolt design and selection

Bolt is a metal fastener consisting of a cylindrical body that is threaded, with a larger head at
an end. It is used to clamp two parts together.
Selected Material have the following properties
 Excellent workability

 Good resistance to bending and shearing
 Less expensive
 Corrosion resistance
Bolts having the same dimensions are used in our project at different positions and the
material they are made up of are all the same. Dimensions of the bolts are taken from standard
values as follows: -
Figure 21 Nomenclature of bolt
Table 21 . Design dimensions of screw threads, bolts and nuts according to IS:
Page | 61
From this table we selectthe course series type with the designation of M16
Given data
 Power=3kw=3000watt
 Output speed =240rpm
Page | 62
The full load or mean torque transmitted by the shaft,
2∗π∗N∗T 2∗π∗240∗T 3000

P= 3000= T=
60 60 2∗π∗4
477.465
T= Nm=119.37 Nm
4
The bolts are subjected to shear stress due to the torque transmitted. We know that the torque
transmitted.
π 3
T = ∗d 1∗τ b, taking the working stress, τ b=42 MPa
4
π 3
119370= ∗d 1∗42
4
119370∗4 3
=d1
π∗42
3
d 1=3618.61
d 1=15.353 mm , take the standard diameter values of bolt from the above table d 1=16 mm
Which is called M16, their value is list in the following table
Table 22 result of bolt and nut analysis
Designat Pit Major or Effect Minor or core Depth of Stress

ion ch nominal ive or diameter of thread(bolt) area(m
m diameter pitch bolt and nut mm m2)
m of nut and diame (dc) mm
bolt(d=D) ter of
mm nut
and
bolt
(dp)
mm
Bolt Nut
Page | 63
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

M16 2 16 14.70 13.5 13.8 1.227 157
1 46 35
4.10 design of connecting rod
figure 22 connecting rod
The Maximum Displacement of the Sievers (Slider)
The maximum displacement occurs when the crank is at an angle of 1800 with the horizontal.
Assume, 𝑟 = 50𝑚𝑚, 𝐿 = 700𝑚𝑚.
2 2
r ∗sinθ
Xmax =r ( 1−cosθ ) +
2L
2 2
50 ∗sin 180
Xmax =50 (1−cos 180 ) +
2∗700
Xmax =50∗2
Xmax =100 mm
The Maximum Velocity of the Sievers
The maximum velocity will occur when the acceleration 𝑎𝑠 = 0.
Where
Page | 64
2 cos 2θ
⇒a s=w ∗r∗cosθ +
n
So, since a s = 0 (acceleration of siever).
2 cos 2θ
0 = w ∗r∗[cosθ + ]
n
⇒0=n∗cosθ+ cos 2θ
But cos 2 θ=2cos 2 θ−1
2
0=n∗cosθ+ 2cos θ−1
L 700
So, Using Almighty Formula, and n= =
r 50
⇒𝑛 = 14
⇒2 cos2 θ+14 cosθ−1=0.
−14 ± √ ( 142 + 4∗2 )

cosθ=
2∗2
−14 ± √ ( 204 )
cosθ=
2∗2
co sθ=0.0707 or
But cosθ value is between 0 and 1 so, our result is cosθ=0.043
θmax=cos−1 0.0707=85.94540
sin 2θmax
∴ The V smax=w∗r∗(sinθmax + )
2∗n
So, using N = 240 rpm (from the specification)
2 πN
⇒w=
60
240
¿ 2 ×3.142×
60
Page | 65
¿ 25.133 rad /s
V smax=25.133∗0.05∗¿
V smax=1.26 m/s
∴ The maximum velocity of the sieve (slider) isV smax=1.26 m/s
From this we can consider 1.26m slid in 1 second but our sieving slide distance is 100mm which
is equal to the crank diameter, so the taken is t=0.08second.for double sliding take t=0.16second
4.11 Design of frame

Frames are metal plates to support other parts of the machine. In this machine there are vertical
frames and horizontal frames
The material used for frame is mild steel
Density of mild steel =7860Kg/m3
The frame is made by welding of rectangular square hollow tube the total length of tube used in
the machine is (2*2 top length+(2*2) bottom length+1+1+1+1+4+4+1) meter
Length =21meter rectangular square hollow tube, width of 50mm with 2mm thickness
V f = A f∗L
2 2
V f =(b0 −bi )∗L
where A f = area of frame
bo= outside width of rectangular tub = 50mm
bi=internal width of rectangular tube = 48mm
L =length of rectangular hollow tube = 21000mm
V f =(502−482)∗21000
V f =( 196 )∗21000
3
V f =4116000 mm
Page | 66
Mass of frame can be calculated by using the density of mild steel (𝜌)=7860 Kg/m3
M f =ρ∗V f
−6 Kg −3 3
M f =7860∗10 3
∗4116000∗10 cm
cm
M f =32351760000∗10−9
M f =32.35176 Kg
4.12 Design of sieving screen and its support

The screen is the rectangular sheet metal that has rectangular hollow with the width of
5mmX7mm with thickness of 1.5mm
The material used is mild steel with the density ( ρ )=7860Kg/m3
 Volume of sieve (V s )
Assume the length of the sieve is LS =1.5 meter and width w=1meter with thickness of 1.5mm
V s =( w∗L∗t ) solid−N∗( w∗L∗t ) hollow
Where N= number of hollows, assume N=150hollow per row with spacing of 10mm
So total row with 10mm spacing is 1000/10=100rows
Total hollo w ( N )=150∗100=15000 hollow
V s =( 1000∗1500∗1.5 )−N∗( 5∗7∗1.5)
V s =( 1000∗1500∗1.5 )−15000∗( 5∗7∗1.5)
V s =2250000−787500
V s =1462500 mm3
−3 3
V s =1462500 ¿10 cm
 Volume of sieve support (V ssu )
V sus =l∗w∗h
Page | 67
Where l=length (l1=1.5meter and l2=1meter)
W=width (w=2mm sheet metal)
H=height (h=100mm)
Then by using this data we can find the volumes
V sus 1=( l 1∗w∗h )∗n
Where n=number of supportsapplied on two sides=2
V sus 1=( 1500∗2∗100 )∗2
V sus 1=300000∗2 mm3
−3 3
V ssu 1=600000∗10 cm
V ssu 2=( l 2∗w∗h )
V ssu 2=( 1000∗2∗100 )
V ssu 2=200000∗10−3 cm 3
 Total volume of sieve support:V susT
V ssu 1=V ssu 1+ V ssu2
−3 3 −3 3
V susT =600000∗10 cm +200000∗10 cm
V ssuT =800000∗10−3 cm 3
 Total Volume of (sieve and its support): V T
V T =V s +V ssuT
−3 3 −3 3
V T =1462500 ¿10 cm + 800000∗10 cm
V T =2262500∗10−3 cm3
 Mass of sieve and its support ( M ssu ) by using density of mild steel
Page | 68
M ssu =ρ∗V T
−6 3 −3 3
M ssu =7860∗10 cm ∗2262500∗10 cm
M ss u=17.78325 Kg
 Mass of sand sieved on the screen can be found
Density of sand ρ=1150 Kg/m 3 M ss =ρ of sand∗V T
−9
M ss =1150∗10 ∗2262500
M ss =0.2602 Kg
Capacity of the machine can be(Q) find;
M ss
Q=
t
0.2602
Q=
0.16
Kg
Q=1.626
s
Kg
Q=97.6
min
So, this machine sieves 96.6Kg of sand per minute
4.13 Important Manufacturing process for this project

The basic manufacturing process adapted for the fabrication of the vessel is forming. forming by
the process by which the size of shape of the part is changed by application of force that produce
stress in the part which are greater than the yield strength and less than fracture strength.
Depending on the temperature during fabrication it is categorized as hot warm or cold forming. It
is called hot working when the temperature is above the categorization temperature of the
material. Warm working, if the temperature is sufficient above room temperature. But below the
crystallization temperature and cold warming when the temperature is very much below the
crystallization.
Page | 69
4.13.1 WELDING MACHINE

Welding machine performs the function of creating an arc which may be due to electricshort or
gas to melt a puddle of molten metal on to the other medium where joining is totake place.
figure 23 Types of welding
There are so many different types of welding machines, but we use the most commontypes of
welding machine welder that is arc welder. This type of electric machine uses astick electrode to
conduct the electricity to the work piece and melts at the same time tofill in the gaps. A wire feed
machine uses a roll of wire that feeds through a tube to thework pieces to be joined together. The
operator presses a button on a handheld torch andthe wire feeds into the blue arc and fills in the
gap between the two pieces of metal.And we use this arc welder machine in order to make the
individual screens and theholder which carries the motor and the screens.Crystallization
temperature.
Page | 70
Table 23 Different types of Welding process
4.13.2 GRINDING MACHINE
The grinding machine is a type of tool that is utilized for grinding work pieces. It basically uses
an abrasive wheel as the cutting tool. The rough surface of the abrasive wheel shreds off small
portions of the work piece as required. It is also known as a grinder.
Figure 24 Grinder machine
A grinder is generally used to precisely shape and finish the given materials with low surface
roughness and high surface quality. It is primarily a finishing operation that removes relatively
small quantities of metal, to deliver highly accurate products.
4.13.3 SHEET METAL CUTTER
A bench shear which is a commonly used sheet metal cutter, also known as a lever shear, is a
bench mounted shear with a compound mechanism to increase the mechanical advantage. It is
usually used for cutting rough shapes out of medium-sized pieces of sheet metal, but cannot do
delicate work. For the small shear, it mostly designed for a wide field of applications. Light
weight and easy efficient operation, yet very sturdy in construction. The cutting blades fitted are
carefully and accurately ground to give easy, clean quick cuts, and free of burrs.
Page | 71
Figure 25 Sheet metal cutter
4.13.4 SIEVE SCREEN

The manufacture of sieves is subject to error. This error takes the form of a variation in aperture
opening within a sieve as well as from sieve to sieve. This error also varies with the size of the
opening, with the coarser sieves generally being more consistent. It is expected that for the Rend
sieves (less than 100 m), this error could approach 10%. Thus, all sieve openings represent
nominal diameters.
Figure 26 Sieve Screens
Sieve cleaning represents one means of ensuring the reproducibility of a sieve. This typically
involves use of a brush with the coarser sieves. Finer sieves may require reverse Shushing with
water or use of an ultrasonic cleaning bath. Ultimately, sieves must be inspected at periodic
intervals to make sure that the mesh has not been distorted or damaged in use.
4.13.5 DRILLING PROCESS

A drill (from Dutch Drilled) is a tool with a rotating drill bit used for drilling holes in various
materials. Drills are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking, and construction. The drill
bit is gripped by a chuck at one end of the drill, and is pressed against the target material and
rotated. The tip of the drill bit does the work of cutting into the target material, either slicing off
Page | 72
thin shavings (twist drills or auger bits), grinding off small particles (oil drilling), or crushing and
removing pieces of the work piece (SDS masonry drill).
Figure 27 Drilling machine
A process and apparatus for drilling holes in hard materials in surgical procedures, comprising
driving a drilling tool with a movement of alternating rotation with amplitude of less than one
revolution. The tool can be driven from a motor having unidirectional continuous rot table
movement through a converter which transforms this movement into the alternating rotation. The
drilling tool can cover by a member which feeds the waste cutting materials rearward into an
enclosed chamber. The apparatus can also be provided with a member that covers the drill during
an insertion thereof through cut tissue prior to the drilling operation.
There are many types of drills: some powered manually, others using electricity or compressed
air as the motive power, and a minority driven by an internal combustion engine (for example,
earth drilling augers). Drills with a percussive action (such as hammer drills, jackhammers or
pneumatic drills) are usually used in hard materials such as masonry (brick, concrete and stone)
or rock. Drilling rigs are used to bore holes in the earth to obtain water or oil. Oil well, water
well, or holes for geothermal heating are created with large drill rigs up to a hundred feet high.
Some types of hand-held drills are also used to drive screws. Some small appliances may be
drill-powered, such as small pumps, grinders, etc.
N.B GENERAL PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING AUTOMATIC SIEVING MACHINE
In order to do the sieving machine, the first thing what we are going to do is purchasing different
materials that help to design the mechanical part of the machine. After purchasing such tools, we
are going to do welding of the individual parts of the sieving machine such parts are:
Page | 73
The screens in which the sieve of different sizes are attached to it and such screens are by the
caster wheel by used for sliding during the slider rotates when a motor gets an electric supply
and to create a vibration on the screens.
Next what we are going to do is that welding the holder which can carry the screens and the
motor. And after that we are going to organize all the individual parts to form the real sieving
machine. And the rotating part of the motor is connected to one the three screens by a shaft.
After completing manufacturing of the sieving machine our last remaining thing is testing
whether. It works or not by supplying an electric source to the motor. But in testing the amount
of sands to be sieved must be taken in to account (must be compatible) with the rotation of the
crank shaft that means the gravitational force of the sand to be sieved must be equal to the force
due the rotation of the crank shaft that connect with the screen support.
4.14 COST ANALYSIS

This portion focuses on cost estimation of component parts based on mass, size and type of the
components. The main aim of this cost analysis is to show that how much capital can be saved
with this project instead of using the former process. As a student it is difficult to know the exact
price of all equipment’s and materials that we used in our project, as a result we take an
estimated price of the materials from the people which concerns (sales man and Engineers) and
also from google. To be more reliable we take an exaggerated price value of the equipment’s that
we used in this project. Estimating the manufacturing costs for a part or a product may be
considered as a judgment made after careful consideration of all factors and by calculations to
determine the amount of labor, material and factory service to produce the part.
4.14.1 COST OF MOTOR DRIVEN SIEVING MACHINE COMPONENTS AND

EQUIPMENT’S USED
Estimated cost of the automatic sieving machine during manufacturing depending on the journals
and different information from google.
Table 24 cost of sieving machine component
Item(component) Unit Number/Amount Unit price in Total price in

birr birr
Pulley Number 2 1350 2700
Motor (2.5 hp) Number 1 10000 10000
Electrodes Packets 5 150 750
Page | 74
Railing Meter 2 85 170

Electric cable Meter 5 50 250
Frame support with Meter 13 100 1300
hopper and discharge
part
Sieve Meter 1.5 100 150
Shaft Number 2 200 400
Bearing Number 2 450 900
Washer Number 20 2.5 50
Bolt and nut Number 20 15 300
Caster wheel Number 4 100 400
Slider crank Number 2 500 1000
arrangement
Total 18370
Contingency 5% of material cost =5% of 18370 918.5
Sub total cost 1 19288.50 birrs
This is not calculated cost it is estimated cost
4.14.21 COST OF MACHINE JOB

By considering how much time it takes and what kind of machines used for manufacturing the
following cost is estimated.
Table 25 cost of machine job
OPERATIO MACHINE TIME LABOUR TOTAL COST

N USED SPENT COST/hr (birr)
(hr)
Marking out Scriber 10 100 1000
Cutting Power hacksaw 8 150 1200
Filing Grinding machine 8 60 480
Turning Lathe machine 8 100 1200
Subtotal cost 2 3880birr
4.14.3 COST OF NON-MACHINE JOB

Similar to machining job by considering how much time it takes and what kind of machines used
for manufacturing the following cost is estimated
Table 26 cost of non- machine job
Page | 75
LABOUR TOTAL COST

JOB TIME SPENT (hr.)
COST/hr. (birr)
Painting 8 80 640
7 DAY (56hour)
Welding 120 6720
Assembling 9 150 1350
Operational test 8 100 800
9510birrs
Subtotal cost 3
Total cost =sub total cost 1 + sub total cost 2 + sub total cost 3
=19288.50+3880 + 9510 =32678.50 birr
14.15 2D AND 3D DRAWING
14.15.1 2D DRAWING
figure 28 2D belt with pulley
Page | 76
figure 29 2D screen(sieve)
figure 30 2D shaft
Page | 77
figure 31 2D motor
figure 32 2D frame
Page | 78
figure 33 2D CASTER WHEEL
figure 34 2D washer
Page | 79
figure 35 2D bearing
figure 36 2D connecting rod
Page | 80
figure 37 2D ASSEMBLY DRAWING

14.15.2 3D DRAWING
figure 38 3D connecting rod
Page | 81
figure 39 3D screen
figure 40 3D MOTOR
Page | 82
figure 41 Smallest pulley
figure 42 3D largest pulley
Page | 83
figure 43 3D belt
figure 44 3D bearing
Page | 84
figure 45 discharge hopper
figure 46 feeding hopper
Page | 85
figure 47 3D frame
figure 48 3D assembly
Page | 86
figure 49 BILL OF MATERIAL

Table 27 bill of material list
Page | 87
CHAPTER FIVE
V.0RESULT AND DISCUSION
V.1 RESULT:
Table 28 result and discussion
Component Calculated value units

Torque=120Nm Nm
Shaft diameter D=25mm mm
Motor pulley diameter D1=25mm
motor D2=60mm Mm
Larger pulley diameter Do=240mm
Di=50mm
Smaller pulley diameter
Do=60mm
Di=25mm mm
Torque for large pulley=477.46Nm
pulley
Torque for small pulley=119.36Nm Nm
Tangential load per arm Wt=1989.42N N
Maximum bending moment=256.73Nm Nm
Length =1235.52mm mm
Angle of contact=14.9 0 degree
Mass of belt=0.35212Kg Kg
Velocity of belt=0.754m/s m/s
Tension at tight side=7294.7N N
belt Tension at slack side=3315.87N N
Torque transmitted=477.46Nm Nm
Total load on pulley=10610.57N N
Equivalent twisting moment=804.26Nm Nm
Bending moment=647.22Nm Nm
Diameter of shaft=50mm mm
Pulley shaft
Length of hub=78.28mm mm
Considering shearing Considering crashing mm
Length=24.53mm 53.08mm
Key for motor Torque transmit=442.33Nm
shaft Stress=166.67MPa MPa
Depth=4mm mm
Diameter=50mm mm
Width=16mm
Key for pulley Thickness=10mm
shaft Torque transmitted=353.86328Nm Nm
shearing Crashing mm
Length=61.33mm Length =169.85mm
Depth=5mm mm
Bore diameter=50mm mm
Page | 88
Weight acting=1989.42N N
Radial load=356.22N N
bearing Reaction force=994.71N N
Life of bearing in hours=98950 hr Hour
Life of bearing in revolution=356.22*10^6 Revolution
revolution
Torque transmitted=119.37Nm Nm
bolt Diameter=15.355mm mm
Max displacement=100mm mm
Connecting Max velocity=1.26m/s m/s
rod Angular speed=25.133rad/s Rad/s
frame Volume=4116000mm3 mm3
Mass=32.35178Kg Kg
Number of hole =15000hole
Sieve screen Volume=1462500 mm3 mm3
Mass of sieve and its support=17.78325Kg Kg
Sand sieved mass=0.2602Kg Kg
Capacity =97.6Kg/s Kg/s
V.2 DISCUSION
As we see the above result if the size of the screen length increases the quantity of sand
sieved also increases so, it requires a higher power to drive therefore, it is better to use
the dimension 1.5 cm length and 1m width by considering the carrying capacity. When
the hole of the screen increases the amount and size of sand sieved increases, and power
requirement decreases due high discharge capacity but quality of sand become poor. The
crushing stress and the shear stress of the key for the shaft is 166.67Mpa.Generally, the
machine with discharge capacity of 97.6Kg/min requires a motor with 4hp driving power
to overcome the operation of machine by improving the manual sieved mechanism which
sieves 500Kg/hr. Which is taken by asking the worker by estimation not exact value. The
ANSYS analysis of shaft is like as shown below; from the following the red color shows
the maximum value where the shaft come to fail and the green color indicates about the
safe condition of the shaft or where the load, stress or any other parameter applied on the
shaft is allowable and enough to drive our operation.
Page | 89
figure 50 total deformation of shaft
figure 51 maximum principal stress
Page | 90
figure 52 equivalent von miss stress
figure 53 equivalent elastic strain
figure 54 directional deformation of shaft
Page | 91
CHAPTER SIX
6.0 CONCLUSION AND RECCOMANDATION
6.1 CONCLUSION
A sieving machine is an effective machine in the construction area if the components are
properly design and manufactured. In this project we design the main components like pulley
and its shaft, belt, frame, bearings, screen and screen support plate,connecting rod and other
parts. The capacity and quality of the machine mainly depends on the screen hole size and motor
speed in rotation in addition to this the rotation of the shaft also affects the above conditions.to
analysis the safety of design we did both calculation analysis and software analysis which
simplifies the design process and its validity. And, we have selected the appropriate materials
which best for the operation and life of the machine because the machine is vulnerable to
corrosion due to the moisture contents of the sand.
6.2 RECCOMANDATION
During the design of our project, we have tried our best to make the project best for the
customer’s, but there are additional features that we recommend for future similar product
design. Those includes; To assemble different types of loadings like conveyers, hopper and
others for the machine because this can avoid unnecessary wastage of worker power and also
time wastageby conveying the sand directly from the storage.
Page | 92
Reference
1) Vaibhav V. Patil, Department of mechanical engineering, KDK college of Engineering
Nagpur, Sandeep Raut, M. tech symbiosis institute of technology, Pune ‘Sand Screening
and Washing Machine, International journal of innovative research and development,
sept- 2013, page no.208, Vol 2, issue 9
2) R.S. Khurmi & J.K. Gupta, Text book of Machine Design, 2005 edition
3) Richard G. Budynas, Shigley’sMechanicalEngineeringDesign, Ninth Edition
4) Coulson & Richardson’s Chemical Engineering, Volume 6,Fourth Edition 2005
5) Materials Handling and Equipment, By Dr.-Ing. Daniel Kitaw, volume 6
6) Journal of engineering and manufacturing technology, 09 march, 2018
7) Tomasz SZYMANSKI, Piopr WODZINSKI, ‘Characteristics of screening in screens
with vibrating sieves’ International journal of innovative research and development,
Physiochemical problems of mineral processing ,39(2005),177-188, Received march 15,
2005; reviewed; accepted May 15,2005.
8) M. Ramarao Associate professor B. Mahesh UG student, Department of mechanical
engineering, Holy Mary institute of technology and science, ‘Design and fabrication of
development of sand filter and separator pedal powered, International journal of
emerging technologies in engineering research (IJETER) Vol 6, issue 3, March (2018).
9) Vatroslav grubisic, fatigue failure of automobile components, fraunhofer institute of
reliability, 12th oct 2004. Tokyo, pp. 01-37.
10)A.K.Nachimuthu, 2014 "Analysis and optimizing connecting rod for weight and cost
reduction", International Journal Of Research And Innovation In Engineering
Technology.
11)Ashok G.Ambekar, mechanism and machine theory, prentice-hall india, 2007, newdelhi,
pp800-805.
12) R.C.Juvinall, engg considerations of stress, strain and strength, mc-graw hill, newyork,
1967, pp141.
13) Stephans ralph, fatemi ali, metal fatigue in engineering, john willey publications, 1st
cedition, pp139-141.
Page | 93
14) Abhinav gautam, K. priyaajit “static stress analysis of connecting rod using finite
element approach” iosr journal of mechanical and civil engineering (iosr-jmce) e-issn:
2278-1684, p-issn: 2320-334x, volume 10, issue 1 (nov - dec. 2013), pp 47-51.
15)Pravardhan S. Shenoy and ali fatemi “connecting rod optimization for weight and cost
reduction”sae technical paper 2005-01-0987, 2005, doi:10.4271/2005-01-0987.
engineering international 2013, 9:37 :10.1186/2251-712x- 9-37.
16) A.K.Nachimuthu.,2013 "Minimization of Surface Roughness in CNC Turning Using
Taguchi Method", IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering.
17) N Boopalan, Marlon Jones Louis, A.K Nachimuthu "Design And Fabircation Of Hybrid
Two Wheeler", International Journal Of Research And Innovation In Engineering
Technology.
18)P Vineeth Kumar, S Ragunath, A.k Nachimuthu "Numerical Study on Fatigue Life of Spot
Welding using FEA" International Journal of ChemTech Research
Page | 94
APPENDIX
Table 29 value of X and Y for dynamically loaded bearing[3]
Page | 95
Table 30 basic static & dynamic capacity of various types of radial ball bearing[3]
Page | 96
Page | 97
Table 31 principal dimension for radial ball bearing[3]
Page | 98
Table 32 Design dimensions of screw threads, bolts and nuts according to IS:[2]
Page | 99

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UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL

DESIGN OF MOTOR DRIVEN SAND SEIVING MACHINE

Advisor: Mr. kirubel awoke

Submitted to: Mr. KIRUBEL AWOKE

Submission date: 04/05/2013 E.C

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DESIGN OF MOTOR DRIVEN SAND SIEVING MACHINE

Approved by Board of examiners:

______________ ________________ __________

Chairman Date Signature

______________ ________________ __________

Advisor Date Signature

______________ ________________ __________

Internal Examiner Date Signature

______________ ________________ ___________

External Examiner Date Signature

Approval mentor name signature

3.3 CONCEPT GENERATION............................................................................................................23

4.13.5 DRILLING PROCESS...............................................................................................................71

1.1 PROJECT SUMMURY

1.2 PROJECT BACKGROUND

 To design sieve machine that can sieve sand to different size.

1.3 PROJECT PROBLEM STATEMENT

1.4 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

 It should be simple to manufacture, operate, maintain and repair.

 Excessive weight should be avoided, as durability is a prime consideration. The

6. Metallic net (Sieve)

Figure 1 caster wheel

Figure 2 supported frame

Figure 5 metallic net

Electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

figure 7 driving motor

figure 9 feeding and discharge hopper

Figure 10 3D assembly drawing of sand sieving machine

1.6 WORKING PRINCIPLE (PROCESS)

1.7 PROJECT OBJECTIVE

1.7.1 Main objective

Design of automatically sand sieving machine

1.7.2 Specific Objective

To design properly the components of the sieving machine.

1.8 PROJECT SCOPE

1.9 GOALS OF THE PROJECT

1.10 BENEFITS AND BENEFICIARIES OF THE PROJECT

1.10.2 BENEFICIARIES OF THE PROJECT

1.11 METHODOLOGY (METHOD)

 Problem observation from this we decide the project

Generally, the methodology is organized in the following manner

Identify(observe) the problem

Select project title

Meeting with guide and discuss about the project

Collect the customer need from the labor

2) NHM DARGMEH; “HAND TOOL FOR NATURAL HYDROPHILIC POLYMER FOR

Chitin forms non-hygroscopic, highly compactable, disintegrable compacts when co-

3) Advantech Mfg. (www.advantechmfg.com); “TESTSIEVING: PRINCIPLES AND

4) John R. Anderson; “SAND SIEVE ANALYSIS”

A. Brief description of the product

B. Key business goals

3.1.1 Mission Statement for Design Sieving Machine

Table 2 mission statement

Product Description Sieving Machine

Primary Market Government, machine manufacturer

____

____

____

____ _