11th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications – CogInfoCom 2020 • September 23-25, 2020 • Online on MaxWhere 3D Web

Industrial Use Cases for Augmented Reality

Application
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Fahmi Bellalouna
University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics
Karlsruhe, Germany
fahmi.bellalouna@hs-karlsruhe.de

Abstract— This paper presents the application of the
augmented reality technology (AR) in the industrial field. Based
on industrial use cases the implementation of two AR
applications and their potential to digitize the product lifecycle
processes will be discussed. The use cases were developed within
cooperation projects between the University of Applied Sciences
Karlsruhe and a firefighting equipment and fire truck
manufacturer and have the following topics: maintenance
engineering, and product configuration management. The
objective behind the realization of the use cases is the
investigation of the AR application in the industry and its
capability as digital transformation technology along the product
lifecycle. The presented use cases deliver experiences and
suggestions in terms of praxis-oriented development and
deployment of the AR technology in the engineering field, which
can be used for prospective AR research works.
Keywords—Augmented Reality (AR); Industrial Digitization;
Maintenance Engineering, Configuration Management, Scrum
method.
I. INTRODUCTION
The Progress in information and communication
technologies (ICT) eliminated economic and technical
restrictions and creates completely new opportunities for
action. This leads to innovations that were previously simply
unimaginable [1]. This process is called "digital
transformation" and is defined by the MIT Center of Digital
Business as “the use of new digital technologies (e.g. social
media, smartphone, analysis and integrated devices) to enable
significant improvements and to increase the performance of
the processes in the business environment (e.g. improve the
customer experience, streamline operations or create new
business models) [2]. Augmented Reality Technology is one of
the key technologies of digital transformation in industrial and
non-industrial areas. Due to the rapid development of display
hardware, new interaction devices and tracking systems, virtual
and augmented reality applications are being developed today
that would only have been possible in large research
laboratories a few years ago [3]. Indeed, modern smartphones
and tablet computers, although they were mostly not primarily
purchased by their users for AR, are now very useful with their
cameras, sensors and computing performance as the basis for
AR systems. Large companies like Google or Apple provide
SDK (Software Development Kit) for the development of AR
applications. Accordingly, today there are thousands of new
AR applications available that are waiting for millions of
potential users - users who already have the necessary
hardware [3].
Despite the exponential technological development that AR
has experienced in recent years, currently no observable and
significant breakthrough for this technology can be noted in the
industrial environment. According to a trend study by Tata
Consultancy Services and Bitkom Research, only around 15%
of industrial companies in Germany used AR in their business
processes in 2019 [4]. According to the same trend study, the
major hurdles for the introduction of new digital technologies
such as AR within industrial companies can be summarized as
follows: lack of skilled employees with new digital
technologies; direct benefits for the own processes not
recognizable; Lack of acceptance among the company staff;
lack of time due to the daily workload. These aspects were the
major motivation for the initiation of the implementation of the
presented use cases. The carrying out of the use cases can be
considered as feasibility study that has the investigation of the
follows topics as main objective: the needed implementation
effort for AR application; the benefit and potential of AR for
business processes; the employees’ acceptance for the AR
technology. The AR use cases were carried out for the business
areas "Maintenance Engineering", and "Product Configuration
Management".
II. DEFINITION AND APPLICATION OF AUGMENTED REALITY
According to Azuma [5] Augmented Reality (AR) is a
variation of Virtual Environments (VE), or Virtual Reality as it
is more commonly called. VE technologies completely
immerse a user inside a synthetic environment. While
immersed, the user cannot see the real world around him. In
contrast, AR allows the user to see the real world, with virtual
objects superimposed upon or composited with the real world.
Therefore, AR supplements reality, rather than completely
replacing it. Baranyi et al [6] see that the AR technology has
common interests with the CogInfoCom approach. One of the
primary goals of CogInfoCom in this respect is to be able to
augment the sensory capabilities of both the human user and
the artificially cognitive system so that they can communicate
with each other at a higher level, thus alleviating the difficulties
of human-virtual machine interaction and the conflicting goals

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 F. Bellalouna • Industrial Use Cases for Augmented Reality Application
of situation awareness and unencumberment [7]. A common
example for an application of Augmented Reality would be the
insertion of further information during the live broadcast of a
soccer game. Offside lines or goal distances during a free kick
are digitally shown on TV [8]. According to Azuma AR system
should have the following three basic characteristics [5] (Fig.
1):
 Combines real and virtual: using sensors (e.g. camera,
gyroscope, GPS) the real observed objects can be
detected and oriented according the user position in the
real time. Based on the position of the real object and
the perspective view of the user, the virtual objects can
be rendered and superimposed in the right geometric
size and orientation in the 3D space.
 Interactive in real time: by means of user interfaces
(e.g. touchscreen, hand gestures, microphone,
earphone) can the user interact (input / output of data)
with the real and the virtual objects in real time (e.g.
overlay or hide digital data).
 Visualization in 3D: 3D visualization of the virtual
objects in the 3D space can be done using special
graphic software and hardware (e.g. HMD, Display of
tablet computers and smartphones). The 3D
visualization must be linked to the user and follow its
motion, so that the 3D virtual object can be rendered in
the real time according to the relative position of user
to the real object.
Fig. 1. AR system (AR app for the configuration of fire truck).
Currently, the AR Technology is already used in many
areas such as retail, construction, medical, education,
marketing, tourism. CaratLane, one of India’s largest online
jewellery retailers, implemented an AR-app to introduce the
world’s first virtual 3D jewellery Try-on app. Using a facial
recognition and 3D imaging technology to turn the user’s
laptop or smartphone screen into a mirror. MAC Cosmetics
implements this technology on location in their New York
retail store. Another example is the IKEA Place app, which lets
consumers experience how true-to-scale furniture would look,
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and fit, in their house [9]. The automobile manufacturer
Volkswagen has used AR to investigate and to plan a new hall
building for a new factory. The AR application enables a
completeness check and the reliable detection of position
deviations on the construction site [8]. AR technology has
already found its way into education. AR applications put
students into the story, what makes learning more lively.
Instructors can use AR as distracting technology to motivate
and engage the students [11] [12]. According to Horvath and
Sudar, there are some significant and determinate research
results on learning efficiency related to AR technology: 30%
faster student’s activity and team work, 50% better information
comprehension, 50% more complex information sharing, 30%
less user operations, 80% less machine operations in the same
digital workflow [13]. The AR can also be useful to integrate
people with disabilities in the daily activities and to encourage
them to interact socially. As example, a research Team at the
university of Pannonia in Hungary has applied the AR
technology to develop an indoor navigation for people with
visual impairment. The indoor navigation system identifies the
location of people with visual impairment using the computer
vision tags as AR marker and navigate to destination using the
shortest path [14].
The AR technology is expected to perform well in the
future, especially towards the development of intuitive human-
machine interfaces [15]. The International Data Corporation
predicts an enormous market growth from 0.2 bn. USD in 2016
to 48.7 bn. USD in 2021 [16]. In spite of the depicted trend,
current applications in the industry sector are often
characterized as proprietary [14]. Especially the transfer from a
laboratory environment towards industry is considered to be
inhibited by specific requirements [17].
III. RELATED WORKS
In last few years several research and industrial works have
been conducted, to investigate the application of the emerging
AR technology in the industrial environment. The results of
these works show the significance of this technology for
improving the industrial product lifecycle processes and give
new impulses for future research projects. Furthermore, the
analyzed related works show some intersection with this
presented paper regarding the project target and the developed
approach. However, the ways of the realization differ. Below, a
short summary about the significant works is given without
claim of completeness.
Quandt et al. [16] discussed and defined the general
requirements for AR application based on two industrial case
studies: an AR-based assistance system for wind energy
services technicians and an AR-based welding simulator for
education and training purposes. In both case studies, the
authors identified approaches to meet the defined requirements
for successful application of AR solutions in industrial
scenarios. The work of Quandt et al. only presented a system
architecture for AR applications and does not provide any
information about their implementation and their introduction
in the industrial practice. Weiding et al. [18] presented a new
approach for a systematic development process for mobile AR
application to support production planning. The developed
approach delivers a theoretic basic methodology how to design
 11th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications – CogInfoCom 2020 • September 23-25, 2020 • Online on MaxWhere 3D Web
an AR application for a production planning process, however
it has not been realized into a concert AR application and there
is a lack of practice relevance. Mura et al. [19] proposed an
approach for system based on the interaction between a force
sensor and an AR equipment, used to give the worker during a
manual assembly process the necessary information about the
correct assembly sequence and alert him in case of errors.
During this work two AR devices were used and tested: a
video-mixing spatial display and an optical see-through
apparatus. The presented approach was developed for a small
and simple assembly process and had prototypical character
with open issues and weaknesses. Servan et al. [20] developed
an approach for using AR in AIRBUS A400M shop floor
assembly work instructions. To replace the elaborate paper-
based work instructions (e.g. drawings of components, torques
to be applied, sealing system characteristics or paste, etc.)
AIRBUS Military developed within the MOON project
(asseMbly Oriented authOring augmeNted reality) an AR-
based assembly work instruction approach. MOON uses 3D
information from the iDMU (industrial Digital Mock-Up) to
generate assembly instructions by applying Augmented Reality
technology. A demonstrator was developed for the electrical
harness routing in the of the AIRBUS A400M. The results of
the project showed that the use of augmented reality in the
shop floor was a feasible alternative to the conventional paper-
based documentation. The project proposed a methodology,
named MOON, based on the combination of these two
techniques: iDMU and augmented reality. The paper of
Rentzos el al. [21] presents an approach for a semantic-based
AR system used for the integration of the existing information
and knowledge, available in CAD/PDM systems, for real-time
support of the human operator during the assembly process.
This approach is supported by an algorithm used for the
generation of the AR instructions based on the product and
process semantics. Based on this approach a prototype was
developed and tested on a laboratory environment for some
first feedback on the usability and impact on the assembly
operations. Palmarini et al. [22] proposed a process to ease the
selection of an AR system for supporting maintenance
operation. The selection process represents a guide to identify
the requirements and the constraints for any specific AR
application through a number of questions to help with the
selection of the suitable AR hardware and software system.
The novelty of this work is a method which allows non-experts
to take a top-level decision for selecting an AR system.
Caricato et al. [23] developed a multi-criteria model which
integrates technical and organizational metrics to provide
reliable decision support system for analyzing the application
of AR technologies in manufacturing. Using this model,
different AR systems can be assessed by selecting the most
effective system considering both technological features,
process and organizational aspects. The paper of Porcelli et al.
[24] presents a case study in an industrial context, that depicts
the main technical and organizational challenges that have to
be faced in order to introduce AR in the delivery process of
maintenance services. Within this case study the technical and
organizational issues that can limit the actual introduction of
this technology were identified and discussed. The authors
believe the AR technology is directed, within a few years, to
become a standard equipment of service and maintenance
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department. Horváth [25, 26] presented a new edu-coaching
method based on the interactive participation of students, with
the implementation of augmented learning “adjusted to the life
situation” in the 3d virtual space MaxWhere. Using the edu-
coaching method with ICT devices and internet including
collective knowledge facilitates the opportunities of distant,
self-conscious learning. Boda el al [27] discussed the
implementation of a 3D virtual library model (3DVLM) based
on the on the structure of the classification system of the
ancient Library of Alexandria devised by the famous poet,
Callimachus in the 3rd century BC. The 3DVLM provides
augmented presentation features with 3D virtual environment
including augmented search and presentation functions.
Bujdosó et al. [28] proposed a new augmented cognitive
process for improving inventive thinking in computer sciences
education using the collaborative virtual reality system
MaxWhere. The new method was applied during an IT course.
The reactions, the activities and the progress of the students’
cognitive thinking while they organize their materials in the 3D
virtual environment were examined. The applied methods
brought positive results. Students were motivated and active
during the semester and they worked a lot also at home and
beyond the course requirements.
IV. METHODOLOGY
The realization of the presented use cases has been done by
applying the scrum product design and project management
framework. Scrum is an agile process framework for managing
complex knowledge work, with an initial emphasis on software
development, although it has been used in other fields and is
slowly starting to be explored for other complex work, research
and advanced technologies [29]. Scrum is a lightweight,
iterative and incremental framework for managing complex
work [29]. It is suitable for development projects dealing with
new innovative technologies with unpredictable challenges and
outcomes such as the AR technology, for which conventional
predictive and planned product design and project management
approaches are not suited [29]. For the implementation of the
use cases a so-called scrum team was built, which contains a
representative from the business unit “product owner”, a
“development team” of students and a project manager “scrum
master”. The implementation of the use cases was structured in
several successive iteration loops also known as sprint. Each
sprint starts with a sprint planning event that establishes a
sprint goal. The team accepts what they agree is ready and
translate this into a sprint backlog, with a breakdown of the
work required and an estimated forecast for the sprint goal.
Each sprint ends with a sprint review and sprint retrospective,
that reviews progress to show to stakeholders and identify
lessons and improvements for the next sprints [30]. The
application of the scrum project management approach in this
work enabled to cope with the challenges in terms of
insufficient experience with AR technology for the involved
team members and it reduced the project risk. Since, the
performance and possibilities of the AR technology were not
known to most project participants and stockholders, it was
difficult to define the requirements and expectations on the AR
applications at the beginning of the use cases. Due to the
Scrum method, the team members were able to get familiar
with the AR technology during the project implementation and
 F. Bellalouna • Industrial Use Cases for Augmented Reality Application
to set and to adjust the project goals sprint by sprint while the
carrying out of the use case.
In order to evaluate the implemented AR applications
systematically, a questionnaire was created and used as basis
for the evaluation workshops with the business unit experts and
key users. The evaluation workshops were structured in three
phases: introduction phase to present the AR application and its
functions (time duration about 10 min), field trial phase with
the experts to test the AR application in real field situations
(time duration about 30 min), and the assessment phase to fill
out the questionnaire (time duration about 30 min). The
questionnaire focused on the following topics:
 Performance: the ability of the AR application to exact
overlay of the virtual data on the physical object and the
real-time rendering when changing user position.
 Usability: intuitive use of the AR functions without any
hindrance while real task operation.
 Added value: the perception of added value for the
considered business processes due to the use of the AR
application.
The outcomes of the final assessment of the questionnaire
was a list of recommendation for the involved business units on
how to deal with the AR technology in the future in terms of
aptitude for the own business processes and the application
scope.
V. USE CASE: AR-BASED MAINTENANCE ENGNEERING
Technical Maintenance involves functional checks,
servicing, repairing or replacing of necessary devices,
equipment, machinery, building infrastructure, and supporting
utilities in industrial, business, governmental, and residential
installations. Maintenance engineering is a discipline of
applying engineering concepts to plan, develop and conduct
maintenance activities for e.g. technical product, equipment,
buildings to insure their reliability and availability. The
maintenance engineering is increasing in importance due to
rising amounts of equipment, systems, machineries and
infrastructure. Since the Industrial Revolution, devices,
equipment, machinery and structures have grown increasingly
complex, requiring a host of personnel, vocations and related
systems needed to maintain them. Specially OEMs that
produce and distribute technical complex systems globally,
must offer a maintenance service for their customers
worldwide and with a fast response time. Otherwise, they will
not be competitive. To manage these requirements the OEMs
have set up in the last years service hubs in the key markets.
This enables a delivery of maintenance services to their
costumers accurately and economically. However, the
efficiency of the provided maintenance services is dependent
on the skills and the qualification of the services engineers.
Currently, the missing of the well skilled and qualified services
engineers specially in developing and emerging countries,
which can manage interdisciplinary and complex technical
systems, presents a main challenge for the most of the OEMs in
terms to satisfy the need of their customers.
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Within this use case the application of the AR technology
to compensate the missed qualification and knowledge of the
maintenance engineers while delivering a maintenance service
was investigated. In this use case an AR application was
implemented that enables a context-related display of
additional technical and design data for the observed system in
interactive way. Thus, the maintenance engineers can get a
valuable data, which increase the efficiency and the capability
of the maintenance services. As an application field for the AR
application the maintenance of a worm gear of an extractor
equipment for a fire truck was selected in this work. The
maintenance of a worm gear requires a deep knowledge about
its structure and its assembly. This knowledge depends on the
model type and on the customer specific configuration of the
gear box. This information usually exists in the paper-based
product manual and is difficult to be reconstructed and
understood in accurate way. In the majority of the cases the
access to the 3D CAD data is available while the maintenance
tasks. However, this can be difficult, time and cost consuming
especially in developing and emerging countries. The
implemented AR application offers an alternative way to carry
out a 3D-based maintenance engineering. The main functions
of the AR application are described below.
Model recognition and tracking function to recognize the
gearbox from different detection positions using the camera of
the AR device (e.g. smartphone, tablet). The maintenance
engineer has only to detect the gearbox using the camera of his
AR device from any perspective and the AR application will
recognize the model type of the gearbox and superimpose the
corresponding 3D graphic Model in the right position and size
automatically. Furthermore, this function allows the 360°
tracking of the gearbox while the engineer moves around.
Dynamic section view function enables to create cross
section through the gearbox and to display the interior
assembly and parts. Using a slider control, the maintenance
engineer can create a dynamic a cross section and get a deep
view in the inside of the gearbox without a disassembly (Fig.
2). This function can help the engineering to visualize and to
understand the operating mode of the gearbox in convenient
and interactive way. Hence, this leads to an efficient and a
correct maintenance.
Fig. 2. AR function “Dynamic section view”.
 11th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications – CogInfoCom 2020 • September 23-25, 2020 • Online on MaxWhere 3D Web
Exploded view function enables the explosion
representation of the gearbox assembly in the 3D space (Fig. 3)
This function can also help to visualize the relations and
interfaces between the different parts (e.g. shafts, gears,
bearings) of the gearbox without the removing of the gearbox
housing.
Fig. 3. AR function “Explosed view”.
Load and display of technical data function display the
structure of the gearbox assembly as tree view. The engineer
can overlay the technical meta data of the different parts (e.g.
name, item number, material, supplier) by selecting a checkbox
of a specific part in the tree view. This information can be used
to identify the parts of the gearbox and to get important data for
e.g. spare parts, logistics.
Disassembly instruction function offers an animation of
the dissemble process of the gearbox stepwise. Thereby, the
engineer gets guided instruction on how to disassemble the
gearbox in the correct order. This function can save time and
avoid failures while the maintenance the gearbox.
Assembly instruction function animates the assembly
process of the gearbox stepwise. The engineer can start and
stop the animation interactively and can follow the assembly
process from different prospective. This function provides a
valuable support to the maintenance engineer during the
reassembly of the gearbox. Furthermore, time and cost can be
saved and unnecessary mistakes can be obviated.
Display operation data function allows the visualization
of the condition data of the gearbox in real-time. The gearbox
is equipped with temperature, humidity and pressure sensors,
which transmit their data via an IoT device to the AR device in
real-time. These data can be used by the maintenance engineer
to monitor the condition of the gearbox. In this case, a well-
directed maintenance can be ensured.
VI. USE CASE: AR-BASED PRODUCT CONFIGURATION
MANAGEMENT
The rescue platform of a fire engine has approx. 50
different special and optional equipment (e.g. diver leader,
stretcher, wheelchair ramp, camera, lighting) that can be
selected by the customer during the product configuration. The
product configuration is currently carried out with the help of
the sales documents, which exist in paper form as product
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catalogs. The product catalogs are created individually for the
single equipment and provide a functional description with a
simple image presentation of the assembly position. In this
way, only one optional equipment can be considered at the
same time, so that the space available when installing two
neighboring components is not apparent. It also remains
unclear whether the components may collide and a
simultaneous installation is not possible. In addition, the
installation position can only be viewed from a fixed
perspective. This current configuration process of the rescue
platform leads in most of the cases to wrong decision regarding
the selection of the optional equipment, which not fit to each
other. However, these wrong decisions can only be detected
during the assembly process of the rescue platform. As
consequence is cost- and time-consuming reconfiguration of
the rescue platform, which leads to costumer dissatisfaction
and in some cases to customer churning. In order to simplify
the configuration process for the rescue platform, an AR
application was developed in this cooperation project between
the University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe and an OEM for
fire trucks. Using the AR application, the costumer can overlay
the virtual 3D models of all the optional and extra equipment to
a real basic rescue platform. To use the AR application, only a
real rescue platform with basic equipment without additional
components is required. The assembly, disassembly and
transport of special equipment for demonstrative purposes at
sales events is omitted, which greatly simplifies and speeds up
the configuration process. Below the main function of the AR
application are presented:
Model recognition and tracking function uses a 2D
drawing as target model to orient the camera of the AR device
to real basic rescue platform and to detect it (Fig. 4). Once the
model is detected, the virtual 3D model of the rescue platform
is overlaid on the physical real one. This function allows an
uninterrupted model tracking even though the customer moves
around. The detection of the rescue platform based on catalog
image can also be attained by this function.
Fig. 4. AR function “Model recognation”.
Tree view function structures the optional and extra
equipment into several categories (e.g. safety, extinguish
system, camera system). Hence, the customer can easy
navigate in the virtual equipment catalog and search for the
needed components systematically. The content of a category
expands as sub-tree view by selecting a category in the main
tree view.
 F. Bellalouna • Industrial Use Cases for Augmented Reality Application

Overlay 3D Model function enables the display of virtual
3D model of one or more selected components in the tree view
based on the real rescue platform in the correct position and
size (Fig. 5). This function contains configuration rules that
prevent the selection of conflicting components. The tracking
function permits the observation of the shown 3D model from
different perspective for assembly and collusion check.
the target user groups. The best method to collect the user tasks
and to identify the user interactions with the AR application,
was the discussion with the user groups the typical everyday
experiences. The final AR applications were implemented as
android app that can be executed with a smartphone or tablet as
AR device.

Fig. 6. Generate AR Model Target for the Rescue Platform.

VIII. EVALUATION OF THE AR APPLICATIONS

Fig. 5. AR function “Overlay 3D model for optional equipment”.
In order to get final evaluation of the implemented AR
applications from the involved business unit experts, several
Animation function animates the selected components in evaluation and review workshops were conducted at the end of
the tree view. The animation shows the real movement of the the use cases. The evaluation feedbacks are summarized in the
components in the 3D space. Using this function, the customer following table.
can get a realistic impression of the built equipment and can
check its collision with the neighboring components. Thus, a
TABLE I. SUMMARY OF THE EVALUATION OF THE AR APPLICATIONS
reliable and efficient configuration process can be ensured.
Performance Usability Added values
Load of technical documents function loads and opens
technical documents as PDF for the built equipment. Hence, AR-based Instable target The AR The overlying of
Maintenance detection and application the virtual 3D
the customer does not have to page through the product manual Engineering tracking, due to the offers a good model and the
to look for the technical specification of a specific components. missing of UX with very associated
As consequence, a valuable time during the configuration distinguishing interactive, technical
process can be saved and mistakes in terms of using of geometrical simple and information
features between context-oriented based on the real
incorrect data can be avoided. the different sides functions. gearbox can
of the gearbox. As Though, the use increase the
Play of videos function loads and plays videos to consequence the of tablet or efficiency and
demonstrate the use of the selected equipment in the field virtual 3D model smartphone as reduce time and
during a rescue operation. This function offers a crucial support of the gearbox AR device while cost of the
for the customer during the decision process. In this case, the cannot be overlaid the maintenance maintenance
exactly. tasks is engineering. The
configuration process will be carried out based on accurate impediment and use of the AR
technical information and not on assumptions. limits the application can
activities of the also compensate
engineer. The the qualification
VII. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AR APPLICATIONS use of HMD AR lack of the
The presented AR applications were implemented using the device could maintenance
improve the engineer.
software systems Vuforia SDK and Unity3D Engine. An usability.
important element of an AR application is the model target. A
model target is a real-world object that has to be recognized in AR-based Stable target The AR The AR-based
Configuration detection and application configuration
the AR application by the camera of the AR device. It can be Management precise overlaying provides a good management
an image, e.g. a photo or a page in a magazine, or a real object of the 3D model of UX for a offers many
like a chair. In order to have a stable and reliable detection, the the rescue configuration advantages
real object must be static and have a distinctive shape. The platform. However, process. The use compared to the
due the large size of a tablet as AR today paper-
target objects in this work were created with the Vuforia SDK of the real rescue device was not based process in
based on the 3D CAD models of the real objects (Fig. 6). The platform the target felt as hindrance terms of context-
UX (user experience) in the AR applications is designed and tracking during the for the customer oriented data
implemented in Unity3D Engine. The UX describes the design user motion cannot activities during presentation. The
be achieved the product reliability of the
of the UI (user interface) in interactive context. Before the accurately. configuration. product
development of the UX, the requirements for the AR configuration
application were defined. These were derived from the tasks of can be improved
and late costly

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 11th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications – CogInfoCom 2020 • September 23-25, 2020 • Online on MaxWhere 3D Web
configuration
changes can be
avoided.
Based on the evaluation feedbacks a list of actions and
recommendations is being defined while writing this paper.
The findings of the evaluation of the use cases will be used as
basis for carrying out future projects.
IX. CONCLUSION
The Augmented Reality Technology (VR) is one of the key
technologies of digital transformation in industrial and non-
industrial areas. Due to the rapid development of display
hardware, new interaction devices and tracking systems, virtual
and augmented reality applications are being developed today
that would only have been possible in large research
laboratories with huge efforts a few years ago. This paper
presented the application of the augmented reality technology
in the industrial field. Based on industrial use cases the
implementation of two AR applications and their potential to
digitize the product lifecycle processes was discussed. The
objective behind the realization of this work was the
investigation of the AR application in the industrial
environment and its capability as digital transformation
technology along the product lifecycle.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The presented use cases were conducted during the
cooperation project between the University of applied Sciences
Karlsruhe and the Firefighting-Truck manufacturer Rosenbauer
Karlsruhe GmbH & Co. KG. We would like to thank the
engineers and the employees of Rosenbauer for their support in
carrying out this work and in evaluating and discussing the
implemented AR applications.
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