MELC-Based 10

Quarter 1 – Week 1 – Module 1

Name: ________________________________________
Grade & Section: _______________________________
LRN: _________________________________________
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Teacher: ______________________________________
Introductory Message
This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.

Each LAS is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

“EXPLORE” are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in

each LAS. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if
you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
“ASSESSMENT” to self-check your learning.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. And read the instructions carefully before
performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this LAS or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

MAPEH DEPARTMENT LAS DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Grade 7 Sheryl G. Borja
Arlyn V. Alota
Grade 8 Danica Joy D. Baquilod
Sheryl Contado
Grade 9 Eugenio C. Dialino Jr.
Grade 10 Donalyn A. Gillo
Rosario B. Kitane
Mary Anthonette Y. Borja
School Principal Sixto D. Balita

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 STYLES AND MOVEMENTS OF 20TH
MUSIC CENTURY MUSIC
Quarter 1 – Week 1- Module 1

MELCs:

 describes distinctive musical elements of given pieces in 20th century styles;

(MU10TCIa-h-2)

EXPLORE:
MATCH ME!
Directions: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the
blank provided before each number.
___ 1. Claire de Lune A. Claude Debussy
___ 2. Tonight, from Westside Story B. Igor Stravinsky
___ 3. Verklarte Nacht C. Leonard Bernstein
___ 4. AN American in Paris D. Sergei Prokofieff
___ 5. The Rite of Spring E. George Gershwin
___ 6. Allegro F. Bela Bartok
___ 7. Romeo and Juliet G. Arnold Schoenberg
___8. Petrouchka H. Joseph Maurice Ravel
___9. La Mer I. Francis Poulenc
___10. Mirroirs (mirrors) J. Philip Glas

LEARN:
Music of the 20th Century:

The musical works of the 20th century introduced new styles and movements
of music with dissonances, percussive sounds, and irregular rhythms. Music of the
20th century was greatly influenced by the movements in Europe in the context of
Impressionism, Expressionism, Neo-classicism, Avant-Garde and Modern
Nationalism. These musical movements contribute various styles and distinctive
compositions and arrangements behind their innovative and experimental styles.

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 “The Transitory Period and the Musical Movement”

1. IMPRESSIONISM

It is a musical style that produces new indirect musical colors that lightly
overlapped in different chords with each other. It works on nature sounds like the
splashing of the waves, flowing river, chirping of the birds, and the soft music evoked
and its beauty, likeness, and brilliance. Impressionism normally gives the feeling of
finality to a piece, moods and textures, harmonic vagueness about the structure of
certain chords, and the use of a whole-tone scale.

Among the most famous impressionist composers in the world, both

developed a particular style of composition were Claude Debussy and Joseph
Maurice Ravel.

CLAUDE DEBUSSY (1862-1918)

He was born last August 22, 1862, in St. Germain-en-Laye in France. With his
intention to change the sequence of music from traditional and
conventional ways, he found new ways in evolving into a new
language of possibilities in harmony, rhythm, form, texture,
and color which describes distinctive musical elements. He
acquired and gained refutations as an erratic pianist and rebel
in theory and harmony added with other systems of musical
composition because of his passion for music. Fortunately
won the top prize at the Prix de Rome competition with his
composition (“L’ Enfant Prodigue”).
Among his composition were represented by the following
works: Ariettes Oubliees, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun,
String Quartet, Pelleas et Melisande (1895), La Mer (1905),
Images, Suite Bergamasque, and Estampes, Claire de Lune (moonlight). He was
able to compose musical pieces more or less 227 which include orchestral music,
chamber music, piano music, operas, ballets, songs, and other vocal music. He was

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inspired by Franz Liszt, Fredrick Chopin, Johann Sebastian Bach, and Giuseppe
Verdi.
He was called the “Father of the modern school of composition” that marks
him on the styles of later 20th century composers like Igor Stravinsky, Edgar Varese,
and Olivier Messiaen.

MAURICE RAVEL (1875-1937)

He was the son of a Basque mother and a Swiss

father and born in Ciboure, France. At the age of 14, he
entered the Paris Conservatory with the eminent French
composer Gabriel Faure and composed a number of
masterpieces where he studied music. He characterized with
unique innovative but not an atonal style of harmonic
treatment with intricate and sometimes modal and extended
chordal components.
Ravel’s works are only musically satisfying but also
pleasantly dissonant elegantly sophisticated applying
harmonic progressions and modulations. Refining his
delicacy and color, contrast and effects add to the difficulty in the proper execution of
the musical passages with water in its flowing and stormy moods, as well as with
human characterizations where many of his works dealt with it. He was a
perfectionist composer adheres to classical form specifically ternary structure; he
was considered as a strong advocate of Russian music and admired the music of
Chopin, Liszt, Schubert, and Mendelsshon. Ravel’s output comprises approximately
60 pieces for piano, chamber music, song cycles, ballet, and opera. These are the
following works:
 Pavane for a Dead Princess (1899)
 Jeux d’Eau or Water Fountains (1901)
 String Quartet (1903)
 Sonatine for Piano (c.1904)
 Miroirs (Mirrors), 1905
 Gaspard de la Nuit (1908)
 Valses Nobles et Sentimentales (1911)
 Le Tombeau de Couperin (c.1917)
 Rhapsodie Espagnole
 Bolero
 Daphnis et Chloe (1912)
 La Valse (1920)
 Tzigane (1922)
Unfortunately, he died with Aphasia on December 28, 1937.

2. EXPRESSIONISM
Expressionism presents atonality and the twelve-tone scale revealing
composer’s mind, expressing strong emotions, anxiety, rage, and alienation. It
expresses the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical reality. One of
the proponents of expressionism is Arnold Schoenberg.

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ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (1874-1951)

Arnold Schoenberg was an Austrian composer born last September 13, 1874,
in a working-class of Suburb of Vienna, Austria. He was
famous as the exponent of the twelve-tone system with twelve
tones related only to one another also known as the serial
technique. He was influenced by Richard Wagner, a German
composer.
His contribution to music includes atonality, meaning the
absence of key evolved from an emphasis on chromatic
harmony in the liberal use of the twelve tones in a chromatic
scale. Apart from it, he also includes serialism and
Sprechstimmre which is a manner of performing a song with
half-sung and half-spoken. In 1908, he began to write approximately 213 musical
compositions include concerte, orchestral music, piano music, opera, choral music,
songs, and other instrumental music. His works include the following:
 Verklarte Nacht, Three Pieces for Piano, op. 1
 Pierrot Lunaire,
 Gurreleider
 Verklarte Nacht (Transfigured Night, 1899)
He died last July 13, 195, in Los Angeles, California, USA where he had settled
since 1934.
3. NEOCLASSICISM
Neo-classicism music is different from the two movements. This is light,
entertaining, cool, and independent of its emotional content. The composition style
used by the composer was the seven-note diatonic scale. This period combines
tonal harmonies applying with slight dissonance which has a three- movement
format like shifting time signatures, complex but exciting rhythmic patterns, as well
as harmonic dissonance that produce harsh chords. The composers of this time in
neo-classicism are Francis Poulenc, Igor Stravinsky, Paul Hindemith, and Sergei
Prokofeiff.
IGOR STRAVINSKY (1882-1971)

Igor Stravinsky was a Russian born composer and

conductor who became both and American and a French
citizen, he was born last June 17, 1882, in Oraniaenbaum
(now Lomonosov) Russia. His style of music is neoclassical
which uses scale, cords, and tone color in a clear and
traditional way with frequent changes in meter signature,
offbeat syncopation, and displacing regular accent as he
utilize. He adopted the forms of 18 th century music with his
contemporary style of writing, very structured, precise,
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controlled, full of artifice, and theatricality despite its shocking modernity. In 1939, he
went to USA and venture another style of music to experience his passion and
wanted to integrate his knowledge in Russian music. However, he opted and slowly
turned back into his nationalistic style of Russian music and cultivate his neoclassical
style in which Stravinsky’s work.
Firebird (1910), Petrushka (1911), The Rite of Spring (1913), The wedding
(1923), AND Agon (1957), orchestral music like Symphonies of wind instruments
(1920), concerto for pianos and winds (1924), Dumbarton Oaks Concerto (1938),
Symphony in C (1940), Symphony in 3 movements (1945), and Ebon concerto
(1945); choral music like Symphony of Psalms (1930), Canticum Sacrum (1955),
Threni (1958), and Requiem Canticles (1966); and operas like The Rake’s Progress
(1951), opera oratorio Oedipus Rex (1927), and other dramatic works like the
Soldier’s Hale (1918).
SERGEI PROKOFIEFF (1891-1953)
He was born last 1891 in Ukraine. He combined the movements of music like
Neoclassicism, Nationalism, and Avant-Garde composition.
With his progressive technique, pulsating rhythms, melodic
directness, and a resolving dissonance he was uniquely
recognized. In writing symphonies, chamber music, concerte,
and solo instrumental music, he became a productive and
prolific composer. He worked and linked with other
composers, combined styles of Haydn and Mozart as
classicist and Igor Stravinsky as Neo-Classicist also inspired
by Beethoven with two highly regarded violin concerte and
two string quartets.
With his desire to write music for the ballet and opera, he was given a chance
to contact with Diaghilev and Stravinsky for Romeo and Juliet for ballet, and War
and Peace for opera. He intendedly wrote a light-hearted orchestral work for children
to pacify the continuing government restrictions and disciplinary actions at the time of
Avant-Garde composers entitled Peter and the Wolf. He died
in Moscow on March 15, 1953.

BELA BARTOK (1881-1945)

Bela Bartok was born last March 25, 1881 in
Nagyszentmiklos, Hungary (Romania). Began lessons with
his mother and made folk songs transcription. He opened the
way to new modal kinds of harmony and irregular meter. He
was a Hungarian composer and pianist, created a distinctive
musical style using folk music. He excelled in instrumental
music writing many works for solo piano pieces, six string
quartets and other chamber music, three concertos for piano,
one for violin and several compositions for orchestras, the
reinterpreted, traditional-musical forms like the rondo, fugue, and sonata. He utilized
changing meters and strong syncopations in his music style.

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 On the other hand, Allegro Barbaro (1911) drew percussive sounds with
swirling rhythms where a solo piano is punctuated. Meanwhile, Mikrokosmos
contains a collection of six books as a legacy in music introducing and familiarizing
contemporary harmony and rhythm to the piano students technically and
progressively. In 1940, he left Hungary for the United States. On September 26,
1945, he died of leukemia in New York City Hospital.

4. AVANT-GARDE
This form of music was considered as the vanguard of experimentation or
innovation period. The existing aesthetic and conventional type of music has been
put on to criticize, rejecting the status quo in favor of unique or original elements.
Adopting extreme composition within a certain tradition the so- called “Experimental
Music”. The new attitude will be altered toward musical movement and it varies in the
continuity where the notes being grouped into.
The proponents of the Avant-Garde Movement of Music are George Gershwin,
Leonard Bernstein, and Phillip Glass.

GEORGE GERSHWIN
He was considered as a phenomenal composer, a cross-over artist, and a
father of American Jazz. Noteworthy of evidence with his numerous songs, serious
compositions remain highly popular in the classical repertoire, and with the mixture
of the primitive and sophisticated music which lasted long after his death. He
composed 369 musical works, including orchestral music, chamber music, musical
theater, film musicals, operas, and songs.

Among the compositions are the following:

Rhapsody in Blue (1924), and American in Paris
(1928), Porgy and Bess (1934). He was fascinated with
classical music influenced by Ravel, Stravinsky, Berg,
and Schoenberg as well as the group of contemporary
that shapes the character of his major works like half
jazz and half classical known as “Les Six”. He died last
July 11, 1937 in Hollywood, California, USA.

LEONARD BERNSTEIN (1918-1990)

This notable composer was born in

Massachusetts, USA, he commended himself as a
charismatic conductor, pianist, composer, and
lecturer to his many followers. On November 14,
1943, he was requested to be a substitute for the
ailing Bruno Walter in conducting the New York
Philharmonic Orchestra in a concert.
Bernstein’s compositions for the stage are the
key that made people known him. Among these is
the musical West Side Story (1957), an American version of Romeo and Juliet,

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which displays a tuneful, off-beat, and highly atonal approach to the songs. Other
outputs include another Broadway hit Candide (1956) and the much-celebrated
Mass (1971).
His musical compositions total around 90. He composed the music for the film
On the Waterfront (1954). He was fondly remembered for his television series
“Young People’s Concerts” (1958–1973) that demonstrated the sounds of the
various orchestral instruments and explained basic music principles to young
audiences, as well as his Harvardian Lectures. He died on October 14, 1990, in New
York City, USA.

PHILLIP GLASS (1937)

He is one of the Avant-Garde composers who also explored the areas of
ballet, opera, theatre, film, and even television jingles. His style of music was
criticized as uneventful and shallow because of its application to new sound yet
effective and compelling style.
He was born in New York, USA of Jewish parents, and learned violin and
flute at the age of 15. He was inspired by a renowned Indian satirist Ravi
Shankar, and assisted the recording soundtrack for Conrad Rooks film
Chappaqua. He produced and formed ensemble works such as Music in Similar
Motion (1969), Music in Changing Paris (1970). He has several achievements in
the light of music, are the following three operas:

Einstein on the Beach (1976)

 Collaborated with Robert Wilson in conceptualizing and produce four-
hour opera and instantly sold –out during the play at New York
Metropolitan Opera House
Satyagraha (1980) and Akhnaten (1984)
 Based on the lives of the prominent people in the world like Mahatma
Gandhi, Leo Tolstoy, Martin Luther King, and Egyptian pharaoh.
In this time, he combined the overlapping style of composition blended with a
repetitive signature in the grandeur on stage. He obtained 170 compositions and
now living in Nova Scotia, Canada, and New York, USA.

5. MODERN NATIONALISM
Nationalistic composers and musical innovators were misled in the 20th
century music development combined with modern techniques with folk materials.
Prominent Russian composers like Bela Bartok and Sergei Prokofieff who were the
neoclassicist infused classical techniques crossing rhythms and shifting meters.
They made extensive use of polytonality that uses two or more tonal centers
simultaneously.
In Russia, five highly considered gifted individuals that infused chromatic
harmony, incorporated with Russian folk music, liturgical chants in their thematic
materials namely Modest Mussorgsky, Mili Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, Cesar Cui,
and Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov. Furthermore, Erik Satie, a French composer who gave
a colorful figure in the early 20th century, specifically avant-garde and modern
nationalism.

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ENGAGE:
Activity 1: I FILL IN LOVE WITH MUSIC!
Directions: Fill in the table below to complete the 20th Century Composer’s Timeline.

Name of Composer Year Noted Accomplishment

Claude Debussy   His creative style was characterized by
his unique approach to the various
musical elements.
  1875 – 1937 The harmonic progressions and
modulations of his works are musically
satisfying, pleasantly dissonant, and
elegantly sophisticated.
Arnold Schoenberg 1874 - 1951  
Igor Stravinsky   His works featured shifting rhythms and
polytonality, also has a new level of
dissonance was reached a sense of
tonality was abandoned.
  1881 – 1945 He utilized changing meters and strong
syncopations in his compositions and
have rich melodies and lively rhythms
Sergei Prokofieff 1891 – 1953  

  1899 – 1963 His compositions had a cooly elegant

modernity, tempered by a classical sense
of proportion.
George Gershwin   He is a cross-over artist because his
serious compositions remain highly
popular in the classical repertoire.
Leonard Bernstein 1918 – 1990  
Philip Glass   He explored the territories of ballet,
opera, theater, film and television jingles.

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APPLY/ASSESSMENT:
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following music characterize its works centered on nature and its
beauty, likeness and brilliance?
A. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism
B. Expressionism D. Minimalism
2. Which movement of music characterizes the composer’s mind, instead of presenting
an impression of the environment?
A. Impressionism C. Neoclassicism
B. Expressionism D. Minimalism
3. Which musical style deals with the parameters of sound in space with an absence of
traditional rules on harmony, melody, and rhythm?
A. Impressionism C. Modern nationalism
B. Expressionism D. Avant-grade
4. Which type of musical style that has a freer seven-note diatonic scale?
A. Neoclassicism C. Avant-Garde
B. Primitivism D. Modern Nationalism
5. Which music of the 20th century seeks to combine modern techniques focusing on
nationalist composers and innovators?
A. Neo-classicism C. Avant-Garde
B. Primitivism D. Modern Nationalism
6. Who was the proponent of Claire de Lune and the foremost impressionist composer?
A. Joseph Maurice Ravel C. Claude Debussy
B. Arnold Schoenberg D. Claude Monet
7. Which of the following countries Claude Debussy was born?
A. Germany B. Italy C. France D. Sweden
8. Which of the following composers created a system of pitch organization based on
the chromatic pitches called twelve tone series?
A. Arnold Schoenberg C. Claude Monet
B. Joseph Maurice Ravel D. Claude Debussy
9. Who among the proponents of the Neoclassicism is considered as a great trendsetter
of the 20th century?
A. Claude Debussy C. Joseph Maurice Ravel
B. Igor Stravinsky D. Arnold Schoenberg
10. Which of the following works of Arnold Schoenberg is considered as one of his
earliest successful pieces?
A. Verklarte Natch (Three Pieces for Piano, op.11) C. Gurreleider

B. Pierrot Lunaire D. Verklarte Natch (Transfigured Night, 1899)

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 11. Who among the following composers was born to musical parents and died on
September 26, 1945, in New York City?
A. Bela Bartok C. Igor Stravinsky
B. Sergei Prokofieff D. George Gershwin
12. Which of the following is NOT the work of Bela Bartok?
A. Six String Quartet C. Allegro Barbaro
B. Concerto for OrchestraD. The Rite of Spring
13. How many years did the Mikrokosmos as one of the exceptional works of Bartok?
A. 12 B.13 C.14 D.15
14. Which of the following composers combined the Neoclassicism, modern nationalism
and Avant-Garde musical style?
A. Bela Bartok C. Igor Stravinsky
B. Sergei Prokofieff D. George Gershwin
15. Which of the following compositions of Sergei Prokofieff is intended for children?
A. Romeo and Juliet C. Peter and Wolf
B. War and Peac D. Song of the Bagpipe

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