Medical College and Hospital Project Report Joka

TECHNO INDIA MEDICAL
COLLEGE & HOSPITAL
JOKA
Techno India Medical College and Hospital - Joka

1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
Promoter’s Profile:
Techno India a reputed group desires to set up and operate hospital in Joka.
Project Intent:
The Purpose
This project aims to prepare a well-balanced Detailed Project Feasibility

Report, and weighing all positive and negative factors that would permit
upon completion, the establishment of the proposed multi specialty hospital
in Joka.
.
The Mission
The hospital will employ experienced and qualified professionals and

use modern medical equipment to practice state of the art health service
delivery to maintain the same standards achieved by other leading hospitals.
The management and functioning of the hospital will depend upon

the following:
• Use of Technology in Medical Equipment, Information Technology, etc.
• Expertise, technology and skill of the pool of human resources.
• Delivery systems based on cohesive work culture of medical,
nursing, paramedical & managerial personnel.
The basic principle would be to deliver quality patient-centric services at

affordable cost. This hospital would address the demand and supply for
quality healthcare services in Joka and the surrounding areas with the
services being on par with the best practices in the country.
Upon establishment of the facility, qualified, highly skilled and experienced

professionals will be employed. This combined with modern state of the
art medical and diagnostic equipment would facilitate efficient delivery
of healthcare services and accurate treatment.
The hospital would in turn generate a skilled human resource pool

familiar with new developments in the modern medicine, besides seeking
and encouraging a cohesive work culture that would enhance the delivery
system.
2 Scope and Objectives of the feasibility study
This Detailed Project Feasibility Report analysis the major parameters

required to establish the proposed multi specialty hospital in Joka and has
drawn up and standardized a host of guidelines that would prove
suitable for the steady progression of the aforementioned project.
In brief, the Report analysis and estimates the following

factors:
• Reviews the macroeconomic, market and political scenario, conditions

that would directly or indirectly affect the establishment of the
proposed project.
• Reviews the current regional healthcare scenario and identifies

characteristics, trends, and opportunities, and the competition profile;
• Assesses and estimates the target market, the affordability factors

and their respective variations in healthcare demand practices besides
evolving strategies that would be vital in the initial positioning of the
proposed hospital in the current healthcare scene in the State;
• Technical analysis, cost effective hospital planning, and integrating

sources of purchase and safety in selection of suitable and
standardized medical equipments;
• Guidelines for a well-balanced and sourced organizational structure

as well as planned human resource management processes have also
been provided;
• Detailed financial projections highlighting project cost estimates,

revenue generation, cash flow, income and expenditure statements.
3. MARKET STUDY
Market Analysis – An Overview
Methodology
The market analysis included a comprehensive needs assessment and demand

analysis that identified the programs and services that need to be included
in the proposed facility. This study also involved an analysis of the
competitive environment in Joka and the surrounding areas. Both primary
and secondary data were collected for this purpose.
Techno India achieved the primary data, through its staff that contacted
the target audience. The staff had clear briefing and training on the means
of soliciting information, from the target audience. The staff recorded data
and general comments.
The secondary data that has been compiled by Techno India

includes:
• The current healthcare market and climate for change in India
• Infrastructure facilities available in Kolkata.
• Quality and quantity of available personnel, materials and related
issues.

Issues
• The local populations visit nursing homes and hospitals in Salt Lake
City for treatment.
Objective
• To study the present Health Care scenario in Joka and find out the
feasibility for a multi-speciality hospital.
• Comprehensive information on the health care facilities available in Joka
and the surrounding places.
• Collate information on the existing hospitals to check the need.
• Information on the need and requirements of the doctors /
pharmacists / general public in terms of facilities, location and other
factors.
Target Audience
• Doctors
• General Public
• Pharmacies
• Hospitals
Healthcare in India
Market Trend:
With lifestyle patterns changing, the country’s disease profile has been
changing too. For instance, the incidence of lifestyle diseases such as
diabetes and cardio-vascular diseases is on the rise. Such change is
opening up both preventive and curative care opportunities. This trend is
also driving the demand for multispecialty and super-specialty healthcare
services, covering key therapeutic areas like cardiology, nephrology,
oncology, orthopedics, geriatrics, maternity and critical care. (Source:
Statistical Outline of India 2001-02).
Presently, healthcare spending in India is largely out of pocket. Some

social security systems do exist, but these cover a tiny proportion of the
population. Currently, only about 2.5 million people (approximately 0.25 per
cent of the total population) are covered under voluntary medical insurance.
The insurance market, including health insurance, was opened to private
companies in 2000 and has, since, shown considerable growth. Estimates
project an insured base of 30 million people by 2005 and 160 million by 2010.
Growing health consciousness among middle and high-income families
in India is heralding a new business opportunity - preventive
healthcare. The addressable population for preventive healthcare check-
ups in India is about 160 million. At current estimates, not more than a
million people may have been covered.
In the organized sector, the year-on-year growth of preventive check-ups has

risen from
10 percent to more than 20-25 percent over the last two years. For
hospitals, the preventive healthcare business is attractive. It allows
them to build long-term relationships, as patients who come for health
check-ups generally come back to the same hospital if they require any
treatment.
At the current pace of growth, medical tourism, currently pegged at US$ 350
million, has the potential to grow into a US$ 2 billion industry by 2012.
Healthcare spending in the country will double over the next 10 years.
First there are some economic factors, which make India such an exciting
market. Since healthcare is dependent on the people served, India’s huge
population of a billion people represents a big opportunity. The middle-income
group in this vast base is also a large
300 million. Today, people are spending more on healthcare. A middle-
level manager
with a family of four, spends between US $ 170 and US $ 255 a year on
healthcare – compared to just US $ 43 in the late –1980s.Most users of
healthcare have been paying from their own pocket and preferring private
services to government ones.
The Growth Potential:
The Indian healthcare sector has been growing at a frenetic pace in the past
few years. The windfall began ever since the developed world discovered
that it could get quality service for less than half the price.
India will spend US$ 45.76 billion on healthcare in the next five years as the
country, on an economic upsurge, is witnessing changes in its demographic
profile accompanied with lifestyle diseases and increasing medical expenses.
Revenues from the healthcare sector account for 5.2 percent of the GDP and
it employs over 4 million people. By 2012, revenues can reach 6.5 to 8.5
percent of GDP and direct and indirect employment can be doubled.
The Demand Supply Gap:
Good healthcare in India is in extreme short supply. Hospitals in India are

running at 80-90 per cent occupancy. With the demand for healthcare far
exceeding supply, India’s healthcare industry is expected to grow by
around 15 per cent a year for the next six years.
India has a very low density of doctors. The current doctor population ratio is
1:2000 (Source: PIB Release Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 29.11.2011
17.14 IST). Compare this with the US at 2,340 doctors per 10,000.There is a
huge shortage of hospital beds. Compared to Brazil at 4,300 beds, India only
has 1,600 beds. According to a World Health Organization Report, India
needs to add 80,000 hospital beds each year for the next five years to
meet the demands of its population. With the public healthcare system

adding 8000 beds per year, the private healthcare companies have a huge
business opportunity to fill the gap.
Infant mortality is high in India. On an average, 80 out of every 1,000

children die. This figure is just nine in the US and 30 for every 1,000 in
Thailand. Life expectancy in India is amongst the lowest at 55.5.Compare this
with the United States at 75.5, and 66.5 for Thailand.
Implications for the Private Players:
The Indian Healthcare Delivery market is estimated at US$ 18.7 billion.

Nearly 65 per cent of the healthcare services market has been captured
by the private sector. The industry is growing at about 13 percent annually
and is expected to grow at 15 percent over the next four to five years.
Private healthcare will continue to be the largest component in 2012 and

is likely to double to US$ 35.7 billion. It could rise by an additional US$ 8.9
billion if health insurance cover is extended to the rich and middle class.
Private healthcare will form a large chunk of this spending, rising from Rs
690 billion (US$ 14.8 billion) to Rs 1,560 billion (US$ 33.6 billion) in 2012.
This figure could rise by an additional Rs 390 billion (US$ 8.4 billion) if
health insurance cover is available to the rich and the middle class. The
voluntary health insurance market, which is estimated at Rs 4 billion (US$
86.3 million) currently, is growing fast. Industry estimates put the figure at Rs
130 billion (US$ 2.8 billion) by 2012.
Public healthcare
infrastructure
URBAN
Tertiary Medical Colleges & Hospitals 117
ESI and PSU Hospitals 1200
Urban Health Posts 1500
RURAL
District and Taluk Hospitals 4440
Community Health Centres 2400
Primary Health Centres 23000
Sub Centres 132000
Age wise population distribution

AGE 1991 (%) 2001 (%) 2010 (%)
0-14 36 35 29
15-54 55 55 59
55 and above 9 10 12
India’s Health
indicators

Doctors 503900
Hospitals 15097
Beds 870161
Medical Colleges 132
Nurses 737000
Chemist outlets 350000
New doctors/year 18000
West Bengal Profile
Topography
West Bengal is a state in Eastern India. With Bangladesh, which lies on

its Eastern border, the state forms the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal. To
its northeast lie the states of Assam and Sikkim and the country Bhutan, and
to its southwest, the state of Orissa. To the west it borders the state of
Jharkhand and Bihar, and to the northwest, Nepal.
There are 19 districts in West Bengal Each district is governed by a district

collector or district magistrate. Sub-Divisions, governed by a sub-divisional
magistrate, and again into Blocks. Blocks consists of panchayats (village
councils) and town municipalities.The capital and largest city of the state is
Kolkata.
Economic Activity and Industrial Development
West Bengal has the third largest economy (2003–2004) in India, with a
net state domestic product of US$ 21.5 billion. During 2001–2002, the
state's average SDP was more than 7.8% — outperforming the National
GDP Growth. The state has promoted foreign direct investment, which has
mostly come in the software and electronics fields; Kolkata is becoming a
major hub for the Information technology (IT) industry. Owing to the boom
in Kolkata's and the overall state's economy, West Bengal is now the
third fastest growing economy in the country. However, the rapid
industrialisation process has given rise to debate over land acquisition for
industry in this agrarian state. NASSCOM– Gartner ranks West Bengal power
infrastructure the best in the country. West Bengals state domestic product
(SDP) grew in 2004 with 12.7 % and in 2005 with 11.0 % .
The service sector is the largest contributor to the gross domestic product
of the state, contributing 51% of the state domestic product compared to
27% from agriculture and 22% from industry. State industries are localized
in the Kolkata region and the mineral- rich western highlands. Durgapur–
Asansol colliery belt is home to a number of major steel plants.
Manufacturing industries playing an important economic role are engineering
products, electronics, electrical equipment, cables, steel, leather,
textiles, jewellery, frigates, automobiles, railway coaches, and wagons.

Transportation
The total length of surface road in West Bengal is over 92,023 km (57,180
mi); national highways comprise 2,377 km (1,477 mi) and state highways
2,393 km (1,487 mi). Total railway length is 3,825 km (2,377 mi). Kolkata is
the headquarters of two divisions of the Indian Railways — South Western
Railway and South South Western Railway. The Northeast Frontier Railway
plies in the northern parts of the state. The Kolkata metro is the country's
first underground railway, and the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (NFR) is a
UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The state's only international airport is Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

International Airport at Dum Dum, Kolkata. Bagdogra airport near Siliguri is
another significant airport in the state. Kolkata is a major river-port in South
Western India. The Kolkata Port Trust manages both the Kolkata docks and
the Haldia docks.
Kolkata Profile
Topography
Kolkata is located in Eastern India on the east bank of the River Hooghly; it
is the third largest urban agglomeration and fourth largest city in India. The
population of Kolkata is 4.5 millions, with an added metropolitan population
of over 14 million as per 2001 Census report.
Kolkata city, under the jurisdiction of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation

(KMC), has an area of 185 km². The Kolkata urban agglomeration, however,
has continuously expanded and as of 2006, the urban agglomeration (Kolkata
Metropolitan Area) is spread over 1750 km² and comprises 157 postal areas.
The urban agglomeration is formally administered by several local
governments including 38 local municipalities. The urban agglomeration
comprises 72 cities and 527 towns and villages. The suburban areas of
Kolkata metropolitan district incorporates parts of the districts North 24
Parganas, South 24 Parganas, Howrah, Hooghly and Nadia.
3.4.2 Economic Activity and Industrial Development
Kolkata is the main business, commercial and financial hub of Eastern

India and the North Eastern States. It is home to the Calcutta Stock Exchange
— India's second-largest bourse. It is also a major commercial and military
port, and the only city in the region to have an international airport.
The city has a large unskilled and semi-skilled labour population, along with
other blue- collar and knowledge workers. Kolkata's economic revival was led
largely by IT services, with the IT sector growing at 70% yearly — twice that
of the national average. In recent years there has been a surge of
investments in the housing infrastructure sector with several new projects
coming up in the city. Kolkata is home to many industrial units operated
by large Indian corporations with products ranging from electronics to
jute. Some notable companies headquartered in Kolkata include ITC Limited,
Bata India, Birla Corporation, Coal India Limited, Damodar Valley Corporation,
United Bank of India, UCO Bank and Allahabad Bank Vijaya Bank. Recently,
various events like adoption of "Look East" policy by the government of
India, opening of the Nathu La Pass in Sikkim as a border trade-route with
China and immense interest in the South East Asian countries to enter the
Indian market and invest have put Kolkata in an advantageous position.
Transportation
Public transport is provided by the Kolkata suburban railway and the

Kolkata Metro as well as by trams and buses. The city's sole airport, the
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport at Dum Dum to the
north of the city, operates both domestic and international flights. Kolkata
is also a major riverport in South Western India. The Kolkata Port Trust
manages both the Kolkata docks and the Haldia docks.
Apart from this Joka is well connected by Diamond Harbour Road and soon
the Kolkata Metro Rail is going to operate from Joka to Esplanade
Demography & Healthcare
Demography
2001 (West Bengal) 2001 (Kolkata)
Population Total 80176197 4572876

Male 41465985 2500040
Female 38710212 2072836
% Share in Country's Population 7.79 5.70
% share of Urban Population (India) 27.97 (27.82) 100
% share of Rural Population (India) 72.03 (72.18) 0.00
% share of major religious Hindus 72.47 (80.46) 77.68
communities (India) 25.25 (13.43)
Muslims 20.27
% share of SC (India) 23.02 (16.2) 6.01
% share of ST (India) 5.50 (8.2) 0.21
% share of Children (0-6) 14.24 (15.93) 8.53
All 934 (933) 829
Sex Ratio (India) SC 949 (936) 822

ST 982 (978) 793
Children 960 (927) 927

of
(0-6)
Population Density (per Sq. Km) 903 (324) 24718
(India)
Decadal Growth rate 17.77 (21.34) 3.93
(%) (India)
Health
Infant Mortality Rate of W.B (2004) Male 45
Female 34
Infant Mortality Rate (2001) Male 15
Female 18
Life Expectancy (2001) (W.B) Male 74 (65)
Female 75 (69)
Mean age at Marriage(IIPS-2004) (W.B) Male 27.9 (24.7)
Female 21.5 (18.5)
Beds per lakh of population(2003)(W.B) 399 (86)
Profile of the Existing Hospitals
Name of the Hospital No Of Beds Specialty Location

Apollo 325 Multispeciality Kolkata
AMRI 530 Multispeciality Kolkata
Kothari Medical Centre 340 Multispeciality Kolkata
Rubi General Hospital 150 Multispeciality Kolkata
BM Birla Hospital 120 Superspeciality Kolkata
Medical College 1700 Multispeciality Kolkata
Calcutta Medical Research
Institute 400 Multispeciality Kolkata
Wockhardt 300 Super Specialty Kolkata

Joka Profile
Topography
Joka, is situated near Diamond Harbour Road and at a stone-throwing

distance from Behala. Many major and minor industries are located in the
vicinity.
3.5.2 Industrial & Residential Development
The place is already known for being one of the oldest industrial hubs of
India. The Government of West Bengal, along with some private-public
partnership companies, is working on providing the township with all the
latest infrastructures and amenities needed to make it an ideal and happening
industrial and residential area.
One of the most modern residential places of the country, several renowned
real estate companies have already built luxurious highrise apartment
complexes in areas. This area, according to governmental plans, also caters
the residential needs of high-profile residents and non-resident-Indians. And 2
years from now after the Fly-over and Metro Railaway Projact is complete
Joka will have a wide range publicity.
3.5.3 Transport Facilities available to reach Joka:
Easily Connected to Kolkata and accessible from any part of Kolkata
Economic Status of the Inhabitants:
Earning capacity of the people is more when compared to other areas of

Kolkata, with the Industries software companies & export companies are
coming up in this area, most of the companies have the Medical Insurance
coverage for their associates & Corporate Health Care has become quite
affordable for them. Other Government Organizations provide some sort of
Health care coverage for their employees and are quite comfortable with the
coverage.
The sheer size and scope of Joka is overwhelming. With more than 3 million
people in Joka and its vicinity, the government has started planning well
beforehand.
Healthcare in Joka:
Major hospitals are yet to be built and since this area's well connectivity with
other parts of Kolkata there is no hindrance to providing healthcare here. A
handful of million dollar healthcare facilities are under projection, and most
of them will be completed within the years 2024.
The area anyway needs more healthcare facilities of its own, to be
Techno India Medical College and Hospital - Jok a

established both by private organisations, and by government which will
ensure good health facilities at a reasonable price.
Market Research Summary
Market Study:
• The population of Joka, Diamond Harbour and Behala go to near by

Kolkata Hospital for there Healthcare needs and the nearest other
hospitals are
1. Calcutta Hospital
2. Ruby Hospital
3. DESUN
4. Kothari Hospital
5. And other consultant driven Small Nursing Homes
• For general dehydration & GI disorders small nursing homes at Joka are
giving significant general patients.
• Lack of availability of proper facilities and specialists in Neurology &
Neurosurgery (Emergency).
• In case of planned Neurological diseases, the public visits hospitals of
other metros like (AIIMS) Delhi, (CMC) Vellore, Chennai, Mumbai,
Bangalore and Hyderabad for treatment.
• Dermatology is the other neglected branch over here as the people are
adopting the change in lifestyle, getting more interested in their
appearance and body care.
• They feel that if a good health care set up could be brought to Joka,
they would more than welcome it as it will avoid inconvenience caused
due to traveling distant places for treatment.
• Certain specialists visit Kolkata as visiting consultants and their non-
availability on all the days is causing lot of inconvenience because the
specialists are coming from other states.
• Some of them have a feeling that a multispeciality facility if available,

affording the local and the neighboring places of population, they will
have a choice and the shift of patients to other places will be reduced.
• Prefer hospitals where mediclaim is acceptable. The scope for private
insurance market is also picking up. So health care facility where there
is a tie up with the insurance company is in demand.
Upcoming Health Care Projects at Kolkata:
1. Global Hospitals, a Hyderabad based Chain of Hospitals is coming up

with a multi specialty Hospital also.

1. Care Hospitals, a Hyderabad based Chain of Hospitals is coming up
with a multi specialty Hospital in Kolkata
3.6.3 Catchment Area:

• Primary Catchment Area : 50km radius from the hospital.
• Secondary Catchment Area : 50 to 120 km radius from the
• Peripheral Catchment Area : Nearby districts of the state and
neighboring
Demand & Supply of Secondary Care beds:

Demand & Supply of Secondary Care Beds
Indicator 2001 2015 2018
Kolkata South Kolkata South Kolkata South
Western Western Western
Kolkata Kolkata Kolkata
Populatio 45 20 60 40 75 80
n
(Lakhs)
Demand for
Secondary 5400 240 7200 360 12000 1600
Care Beds
Supply of
Secondary 3600 0 4800 120 5600 120
Care Beds
Gap 1800 240 2400 240 6400 1480
Analysis:
• Increase in population leading to greater need for quality
healthcare in both Kolkata & South Western Kolkata.
• Current health infrastructure of both Kolkata & South

Western Kolkata is unable to meet high demand of its
growing population.
• Residents are expected to travel to Kolkata for their healthcare

needs
Demand & Supply of Tertiary Care Beds:
Demand & Supply of Tertiary Care Beds
Indicator 2001 2015 2018

Kolkata South Kolkata South Kolkata South
Western Western Western
Population 45 20 60 40 75 80
(Lakh)
Demand for
Tertiary 1350 60 1800 900 3000 400
Care Beds
Supply of
tertiary 900 0 1200 0 1400 0
Care beds
Gap 450 60 600 90 1600 400
Analysis:
• Increase in population leading to grater need for quality
healthcare in both Kolkata & South Western Kolkata.
• Current health infrastructure of both Kolkata & South

Western Kolkata is unable to meet high demand of its
growing population
• Residents are expected to travel to Kolkata for their healthcare
needs
Socio Economic Indicators:
Shopping Malls & Complexes:
• there are many shopping malls in the region

• Region is expected to have many shopping complexes due to its rapid
economic growth.
Housing Indicators:
• Residential land rates lie in the range of Rs. 1750-3500/sq feet

• Land costs are highest amongst South Asian Countries
Hotels:
• There are normal hotels in the region .
• With increase in commercial activities, South Western Kolkata, will
soon witness increase in hotels
SWOT Analysis of Joka:
A basic SWOT has been done to take some knowledgeable decisions

based on the interaction and information received from the
respondents.

Strengths:
1. Planned Township, with good transport facilities
2. Massive areas available for infrastructure growth.
3. Educated population and ultra modern societies

4. MNC’s & Indian Giants venturing in with their companies
5. People in the middle age group, adopting fast culture; changing
flooding habits and lifestyle disorders
6. Gap between demand and availability of health care in South Western
Kolkata.
7. Demand for specialists and surgeons.
8.. Increasing demand for quality healthcare.
9. Kolkata and its suburbs are hub of commerce of North Eastern States
Weakness:
1. Major competitors & goodwill by customers

2. Brand loyalty
3. Restricted customer base
4. Small market players & consultants
5. Low priced medical services at nursing homes.
6. Referral doctors
Opportunities:
1. New occupants of the upcoming ventures (township)

2. Tough pricing strategy for the competitors
3. Promotional Preventive health care strategy
4. No proper multispeciality hospital facility for the upcoming
townships and the surrounding places.
5. Medical professionals are ready to be associated with the
proposed private hospital Cashless facility not available in all hospitals.
6. For specialized treatment the public needs to travel to another state.
7. Current healthcare infrastructure is unable to meet healthcare demand.

8. By 2020 Kolkata would need an additional 5000-8000 hospital beds.
9. Opportunity to tap the healthcare demand of the neighboring states.

10. Potential to be hub for medical tourism from neighboring countries
like Bhutan and Bangladesh.
Threats:
1. Political compel the Corporate Institutes to provide free service to

some of the people; history is evident of some of the past incidences in
this area.
2. Upcoming health care projects.
Recommendations
Based on the findings of the market research the recommendations are as

under (options have been provided as Annexure-A):
1. Plan for the best quality high-end medical equipment to provide care at
international standards.
2. Plan for international accreditation from the beginning, as it needs to
provide care at international standards.
3. Plan facilities like operation theatres, cath lab,etc subject to options and
can further be expanded in collision with market demand.
4. The proposed hospital may have two types of doctors, one full time
in selected specialties and the other part time association with
doctors.
5. The busy lifestyle of the public also demands for facilities like health spas,
stress and strain relief clinics.
6. Plan for a dedicated trauma centre, as this could be
the USP.
7. Building to be built with good ambience and interiors to attract
medical tourism patients.
8. Plastic surgery and Bariatric surgery is recommended
for future.
4. PROJECT ANALYSES AND ENTRY STRATEGY
Providing Services to a Large Catchment Area
The existing demand supply gap for hospital beds and quality healthcare in
South Western Kolkata and the surrounding areas, with a pool of

qualified specialists, super specialists and paramedical staff presents a
huge opportunity that needs to be taken advantage of by way of the
proposed multispecialty hospital.
The catchment area for the proposed hospital can be categorized as:
• The first level of categorization, Principal catchment area, the areas
located within 50 km radius from the hospital, which has good
transportation facilities in order to bring higher number of inpatients and
outpatients;
• The next level of categorization would be the secondary catchment area

– the area from which patient inflow would be continuous but the
proportion of out patients will be minimal and the inpatients too
would be lower than those from the primary catchment area.
Secondary catchment area would span across locations ranging from 50
to 120 km radius from Joka;
• The last level of categorization would be the peripheral catchment area

– the area from which patient inflow would be would be very
minimal than those from the primary and secondary catchment area.
• Whole of Joka
Primary Catchment Area
• Areas located
less than 50Km
radius
• Surrounding districts
Secondary Catchment Area
• Areas located ranging
from 50 to 120Km
radius
Peripheral Catchment Area • Surrounding

districts of the state
and the neighboring
states.
• International Patients

Critical Success Factors for the Hospital
The crucial success factors for the proposed hospital project are:
• Provide and maintain the quality of services
• Positioning the hospital as a technologically advanced provider of

healthcare services.
• Choosing the correct mix of medical services.
• Appropriate physician selection
• Establishing standard operating protocols and systems at all levels.
• Tie up with PSU and industries and factories in South Western Kolkata
and Kolkata to provide healthcare facilities both at the hospital as well as
on site.
• Market penetration through an aggressive market-campaign; Concept

marketing is an important factor for the success of the Hospital.
• The proposed Hospital must build a prestigious and sustainable

image as the provider of high quality healthcare services and a healthy
mix of modern facilities.
• The proposed Hospital should be accredited by the healthcare insurance

companies and international and national organizations.
• The Hospital should charge competitive rates for the healthcare services.

• The proposed hospital must demonstrate value to customers by
understanding customers' unique needs around obtaining health
benefits/health insurance, and matching products that respond to these
needs (and wants) in a volatile health care marketplace.
• Providing and maintaining experienced medical staff, to contribute in

building the image of the Hospital.
• Ability to capture market share of other medical services providers

in and the surrounding places.
Risk factors
Some of the risks the Project may encounter are as follows:
• Retain quality doctors, nurses and other technicians.
• The proposed Hospital must be able to re-structure its tariffs so as

to maintain market penetration in the event of competition with
similar quality levels of services with more competitive prices.
• The appearance of new competitors targeting the same clientele of the

proposed
Hospital can result in reducing the expected number of customers.
• An overall reduction of attendance due to the exclusion from

insurance coverage by leading healthcare insurance providers.
Suitability of site location
The 2 acres plot earmarked for the hospital will be built is located in Joka
and has the advantage of having a good transport network in future now
that the Garia Dum Dum Metro Railway is being constructed. These enable
easy access for both outpatients and In patient care and high visibility.
Diversity of Healthcare Needs
A study of the population base in the catchment area, as detailed in the

earlier section, suggests the need for a healthcare facility offering a wide
spectrum of clinical and diagnostic services. The population in the
catchment area comprises of all age groups with varied lifestyles and
occupations. This indicates the need to establish specialties catering to the
prevalent disease profiles and also addressing future disease patterns in the
region.

Multi-pronged Market Approach Strategy
While the need for a quality multi specialty hospital is very clearly felt,
strategies required for the successful implementation of the project and
ensuring acceptance among the catchment population are mentioned below:
• The facility should be designed to cater to Joka and the surrounding

areas.
• Large number of clinical specialties is a must, given the profile of the
catchment population. It is also important to focus on a few specialties
through better facilities, doctors and equipment. Cardiology,
Neurology with allied surgical specialties, Orthopedics, Obstetrics and
Gynecology, etc. would need more emphasis.
• The need for good diagnostic equipment should be addressed and the
facilitation of equipment like MRI, CT scan and others are recommended
for the facility to attract patients as well as referrals from farther areas.
5 HEALTHCARE FACILITY PLANNING & MANAGEMENT
Planning the Functions:
Facilities Plan for the Hospital

The facilities to be offered by the proposed hospital are based on
assessment of the catchments area. The ensuing chapters would detail
strategic options the hospital needs to make in terms of the following: -
• The size of the Hospital
• Medical Equipment Requirement
• Hospital Architecture
• Manpower Requirements.
Hospital Size
The gap between demand and supply for inpatient beds reflects the
quantitative shortfall. It is prudent for a new hospital to target this
shortfall and create optimum facilities. However the hospital size is subject
to options selected.
Hospital Departments –
The hospital would cater to the medical and surgical specialties for
Daycare patients, Outpatients and Inpatients.

The following departments would support the medical
specialties: -
• Laboratory Services for routine tests,
• Radiology
• Operation Theatres
• Day care Units
• Patient rooms & Wards, Post Operative recovery rooms
• Physiotherapy
• Pharmacy
The Hospital will have Consultation Chambers for accommodating Consultants
for seeing patients supported by Treatment / Plaster rooms and preoperative
rooms.
However the hospital departments are subject to
options.
Classification of Beds
The inpatient beds are grouped into Private beds and Intensive Care Units
taking into consideration the composition of the patient load vis-à-vis
their affordability and also estimated requirement of critical care. However
the classification of beds is subject to options.
Accommodation for Staff:

Accommodation would be provided for certain category of staff for the
Hospital. It is assumed that they will get suitable accommodation in and
around the Hospital.
Hospital Planning & Systems Design
In the establishment of a new hospital, the first step is always an idea born in
the mind of some individual. In this regard proper planning plays major role
towards setting advanced medical healthcare facilities under one roof. The
client idea of developing a healthy and ambient atmosphere for delivering
healthcare facilities is the founding idea on which the concept of this
hospital is built. All successful hospitals, without exception, are based
upon a triad of good planning, good design, construction, and good
administration. The success of a hospital is generally measured in terms
of patient care, efficiency and community service. The absence of anyone
of these closely related components means a mediocre hospital, or one
doomed to failure.
To be successful, a hospital requires a great deal of preliminary study and

planning. It must be designed to meet the needs of the people it is going to
serve or treat and be of a size which the promoters can afford to build and
operate without much financial debts. It must be staffed with competent
and adequate number of doctors, nurses and other professionals to render
efficient service.
Guiding Principles in Planning Hospital Facilities and Services
High Quality Patient

Care
This can be achieved by the following:
• Appointing competent and adequate number of medical, nursing

and other professional staff and providing necessary facilities,
equipment and support services.
• Establishing an organizational structure in which clearly defined

responsibility and authority are assigned to each job, particularly in
patient care. There should be proper accountability.
• Medical staff working as a team and interacting with each other and
with other health care professionals, including the operations staff.
• Instituting a mechanism or procedure for continuous review of

patient care provided by physicians, nurses and other professionals
• Providing continuing medical and other educational programs to all

professionals to enable them keep abreast with the latest medical and
technological knowledge aimed at improving patient care
• Establishing and enforcing standards in patient care.
Effective Community Orientation
This can be done by the following:
• A governing board which is made up of individuals who are known and

respected leaders of the community.
• Extending programs and services of the hospital to the community.
• The hospital administrator, other key personnel and doctors providing

assistance in planning and implementing community health care
programs.
• The hospital exercising responsibility to ensure that it gains support

from the community.
• Providing a public information program to keep the community

informed of the services provided by the hospital as well as its goals,
plans and objectives, and encouraging members of the community to
personally participate in them.

Economic Viability
This can be realized by
• Accepting responsibility and accountability for a strong and viable

financial position that will command the respect and confidence of the
community and investors;
• Making available adequate operating finances for personnel and

equipment necessary for providing quality patient care
• A program to attract and retain competent and dedicated physicians,

nurses and other health care professionals to maintain high occupancy
and full utilization of inpatient and outpatient facilities
• Planning new services and expansion programs based solely on community

needs planned program for financing replacement of equipment and
improvement of facilities
• An annual budget that will provide for maintaining services at a

high level for equipment salary and wages, etc., depreciation funding
and capital for replacement and development. The objective is to help
the hospital remain in the forefront of medical technology and
knowledge
Sound Architectural Plan
This can be achieved by
• Engaging, early in the planning stage, an architect who is experienced

in hospital design and construction
• Select a site that is readily accessible to public transport, water,

sewerage lines and population. The site must also be large enough to
meet the requirements for parking, access road, and future expansion.
• Determining the size of the hospital that is adequate for various

services, administrative and functional needs of departments,
and patient care and treatment
• Recognizing the importance of establishing traffic patterns for

movement of physicians, hospital personnel, patients, visitors, and
efficient transportation of food, linen, drugs and other supplies
• A design that will avoid duplication of services but at the same time
provide flexibility and inter-changeability of patient rooms for
clinical departments with fluctuating census

• Pay attention to special services like outpatient, intensive care,
operating rooms, medical and surgical specialties, and to such
concepts as infection control, and disaster planning.
Environment, Health and Safety Management
While in the event of an illness or accident, one immediately turns to the

services of health authorities; the resulting problem of waste disposal is
an issue that is often ignored. In developed countries, the quantity of
waste produced today has decreased in the hospital sector, as compared to
earlier years, and has stabilized at a very low level.
The quantity of waste produced per day per bed differs greatly from hospital
to hospital. About 85% of the hospital waste is general waste and
the remaining 15% is contaminated with infectious agents.
Bio-Medical waste is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or
immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities. It may
include wastes like sharps, soiled waste, disposable, anatomical waste,
cultures, discarded medicines, chemical wastes, etc. This waste is
potentially hazardous, the main hazard being infection, and may pose a
serious threat to human health if its management is indiscriminate and
unscientific.
Waste Categorization
In practice it is very difficult to identify and segregate every article of
medical waste from the solid waste stream. Therefore the medical
waste is categorized into groups, which are amenable to specific
treatments / disposable methods. As per the Bio-Medical Waste
(Management and Handling) Rules, the Bio-Medical Waste has been
grouped into the following categories:
• Human Anatomical Waste – human tissues, organs, body parts, etc.
• Animal Waste – animal tissues, organs, body parts,

carcasses, bleeding parts, fluid, blood and experimental
animals used in research, waste generated by veterinary
hospitals, colleges, animal houses, etc.
• Microbiology Waste – waste from laboratory cultures, stocks,
or specimens of microorganism, dishes and devices used for
transfer of cultures.
• Waste Sharps: needles, syringes, scalpels, blades, glass,
etc. that may cause puncture and cuts. This includes both
used and unused sharps.
• Discarded Medicines and Cytotoxic Drugs: waste comprising
of outdated, contaminated and discarded medicines.
• Solid Waste (A): items contaminated with blood and bloody
fluids including cotton, dressings, soiled plaster casts, linen,
bedding and other materials contaminated with blood.
• Solid Waste (B): wastes generated from disposable items

other than the waste sharps such as tubes, catheters,
intravenous sets, etc.
• Liquid Waste: waste generated from laboratory and
washing, cleaning, housekeeping and disinfecting activities.
• Incineration Ash: Ash of any bio-medical waste.
• Chemical Waste: Chemicals used in production of biological,
chemicals used in disinfecting.
• Kitchen Waste: all waste related to kitchen.
• General Waste: all items pertaining to paper work and other
stationery waste are included in general waste category.
Color Coding for Disposal of Biomedical Waste
Color Type of Container Waste Category
Yellow Plastic Bag Human anatomical waste, animal waste, all
infected- microbiology and biotechnology waste
and solid waste (A)
Red Plastic Bag Potentially infected- microbiology waste and solid
waste
(A and B), chemical and liquid waste
Blue Plastic Bag- Waste Sharps and Solid waste (B)
Puncture-
proof
container
Plastic Bag General waste discarded medicines and drugs, etc.
Green Plastic Bag Kitchen waste
Segregation and Storage

This stage is the key to the whole management process, because it is at
this stage that wastes are segregated as infectious and non-infectious
thus minimizing the risk to all.
Segregation starts mainly with the laboratory technicians as well with the
doctors and nurses and therefore they should be aware of the important
responsibilities that lie upon them. The containers for storing segregated
waste should be clearly identifiable. The best system is to use colored plastic
bags / containers. Proper labeling of bags needs to be adopted.

Transportation
The medical wastes, except the general and non-hazardous wastes, should
be carefully transported either to be autoclaved or to be incinerated. While
transporting and dealing with such Bio Medical waste protective clothing and
gloves is a must. Boots, gowns and gloves are to be worn always.
Autoclaving
Autoclave (Steam Sterilization) is a low heat thermal process and is
designed to bring steam into direct contact with the waste in a controlled
manner and for sufficient duration to disinfect the waste.
5.3.6. Incineration
Incineration systems use high temperature combustion under controlled
conditions to convert wastes containing infectious and pathological material
to inert mineral residues and gases.
5.3.7. Waste Minimization Options

Waste minimization includes many source reduction or recycling
activities by the generator, which results in reducing either the quantity or
the toxicity of the hazardous waste, consistent with the goal of minimizing
present and future threats to the health and environment.
Source Reduction
Source reduction can be achieved by process modification and by
implementation of policies and procedures that will reduce waste. The key
operating practices that can be utilized to effect waste minimization are as
follows:
• Waste segregation
• Controlling inventories with “just in time” purchasing
• Requesting suppliers for recyclable containers wherever possible,
to reduce chemical drum waste and disposal cost
• Training employees in hazardous material management and
waste minimization.
Training should include chemical hazardous, spill prevention, preventive

maintenance and emergency preparedness and response. Training
should include explanations regarding the infectious waste management
plan and assignments of roles and responsibilities for the
implementation of the plan. This training is important for all the
employees who handle infectious wastes.
The laboratory, pathology, histopathology and maintenance departments
generate spent solvers. Sometimes aqueous-based cleaners can be
substituted for hazardous solvents used in maintenance. Many solvents can
recover by on-site distillation and recycled.
Environmental Health and Safety Issues
The proposed hospital should be planned to operate according to the

prevailing Caribbean Islands Government stipulations. To comply with the
prevailing guidelines, care should be taken to handle each issue one by
one and evaluated with the proposed implementation plans of the hospital.
The main categories of the guidelines considered:
• Liquid Effluents;
• Stack Emissions;
• Comprehensive Waste Disposal Plan;
• Medical Waste handling and Storage;
• Treatment and Disposal Methods;
• Hazardous material handling and storage;
• Fire Protection and Life Safety;
• Hazards Protection;
• General Health;
• Safety;
• Training; and
• Record Keeping and Reporting.
Liquid Effluents
Disposal system adapted to liquid effluents before being discharged from the
hospital
• Process wastewater & Domestic sewage
• Contaminated storm water
Sewage from toilets, urinals, wash water from wash basins, vegetable wash
water from kitchen (after the grease trap), detergent water from laundry and
the liquid part of the laboratory waste consisting of pathogenic wastes, blood,
urine, stool and chemicals goes directly to a Sewage Treatment Plant. To be
separately drained out from the hospital.
Stack Emissions
The equipment that emit polluted air streams to the environment are
• Boilers
• Furnaces
• Incinerators
• Electric generators

This equipment should be carefully detected right from the beginning so as
to minimize pollution.
Hazardous material handling and storage

Storing of hazardous materials (reactive, flammable, corrosive and toxic)
and Handling procedures for hazardous materials should be adopted.
Fire prevention systems and secondary containment for storage of
hazardous materials should be taken into consideration.
Hazards Protection
Minimization of potential risks when deciding the location (earthquakes,
tsunamis, floods, windstorms and fires) should be looked into. Structural
design of the building address above potential risks should be considered.
General Health
Well equipped sanitary facilities with supplies, Ventilation systems in
the work environment, Pre employment and periodic medical
examinations for all personnel, Protective clothing and gloves and eye
protective equipment and Safety program for construction and
maintenance work should be given due importance.
5.3.15. Conclusion
Increased demand for quality health care with the willingness of patients
to pay for superior services has led to greater private sector participation
in health sector. Many new hospitals and private nursing homes have been
set up recently with a view to cater to this demand. At the same time, there
is a felt need to optimize resources, achieve cost effectiveness while
maintaining a high quality of service. At the same time it has to be born in
the minds of the users to prevent and control Pollution and to initiate the
steps for prevention of environmental hazards.
Medical Equipment Planning
Medical Equipment - The Cutting Edge

-
By virtue of the state-of-the-art technology needed to support the multi
specialty module planned under one roof; the proposed hospital would
invest heavily in most advanced medical equipments. The effectiveness of
the Hospital depends to a very great extent on the judicious choice in range
and technology level of medical equipments.
Importance of Right Selection
The task of selection of medical equipment is a very important issue of

project planning. The exercise of equipment planning, development of
specifications, sourcing, techno- commercial evaluation, selection,
contracts, installations and commissioning is considered very crucial in

this project. Carefully selected equipment would be the main attraction and
motivating factor for all the medical professionals of the hospital.
The following factors need to be borne in mind while evaluating and

selecting MedicalEquipment:
• The level of Medicare delivered by the hospital is dependent on

the medical equipment
• The cost of medical equipment is very high
• The changes in medical technology being rapid, modular design &
upgradeability become crucial; care has to be taken in selecting
the right model from right supplier because there are suppliers
who cannot offer effective after sales service.
• The equipment should be able to provide cost effective treatment to
the patient and cases covering all features described earlier.
Steps for Selection
• Define the objective of the hospital

• Research
• Teaching
• Corporate
• Define the medical requirement of the hospital (Doctor’s brief)
• Prepare detailed equipment specification based on medical requirement
• Call for technical bids based on the specification prepared
• Analyze the technical bid and bring all suppliers on the same platform
for technical comparisons. (Finalize models, options etc.)
• Call for financial bid on the finalized technical and commercial conditions
• Prepare a list of final selection criteria in priority
• After selecting the supplier prepare a detailed purchase order which
includes all points of the technical and commercial discussions.
Selection Criteria
• Level of Technology of the equipment (High / Mid / Low)

• Service capability (Manufacturer / Agent / Dealer / Service net work)
• Longest warranty period
• Ability of the supplier to guarantee minimal downtime/high uptime
guarantee
• Ability to render service manuals and assist in-house Bio-medical
engineers when in need
• Providing vital parts as stand-by during the period of failure
• Trouble shooting through modern / satellite
• Running cost of the equipment, Annual service contract etc.
• Uptime Guarantee and Consumables required
• Generation / Upgradeability / Modular capability / DICOM compatibility
• Considering a particular model period of introduction and usage in
other similar setups.

• Networking and 'on-line' compatibility, including capability to share ,
• Facilities like camera, printing etc
• FDA and other approvals
• Display in latest international medical equipment exhibitions like RSNA
The supplier should have proper training manuals and personnel for making
the systems and controls familiar to the end users and all concerned. If the
supplier is an agent and not a manufacturer, the track record of the supplier
and the product has to be analyzed.
Process of Equipment Selection
In order to make the decision cost-effective and optimal, a multi-

disciplinary team of specialists with expert coordination would be
formed:
• Practicing doctor/specialist consultant for respective clinical discipline

(users)
• Materials Manager
• Bio Medical Engineer
• Project Manager
Deliberations involving interaction between the team and time bound

integrated plan form a set of key activities of the project management. The
exercise would involve the following steps:
• Department wise equipment planning

• Basic specifications
• Sourcing survey/selected prequalification
• Tendering for technical & price bids
• Technical evaluation
• Short listing and evolution of configuration
• Techno commercial bids
• Commercial evaluation
• Negotiation and selection
• Preparation of contracts
• Establishing L/C, Delivery following up, receipts, installation and
commissioning
Medical Equipment Requirements for this Project
Medical Equipment planning for the hospital has been done after careful
analysis of the existing equipment available and the needs of the local
population. The detailed Medical Equipment list is enclosed in the financial
sheet.
Human Resources Planning

The manpower is designed to cover all the following components:
Competency Identification
• Detailed job analysis report which identifies what is required in
specific roles
• Key competencies defined using these to enhance the quality and fit of
new recruits
Sourcing
• Sourcing strategies are deployed such that they are well adapted to and
work best in this region. Besides this alternative strategies are also in
place.
• Agencies will be used effectively, and at a reasonable cost in order to
help with the recruitment process
Selection
• Tools and techniques to decrease the risk in recruitment decisions
are planned through the HR head, along with creation of assessment
centers.
• Both, psychometric tools and Interviews may be used as a tool for

selection
• Competencies of each candidate are to be used to identify the right
candidate
• Effective interview structures are to be defined, with questions and
recording evidence
Reward
• The benefits of financial vs non-financial rewards are understood. These
will go hand in hand with performance management, and training.
• Focus on behavioral skill development may be helpful in hospital
environment, but this is a challenging activity and must be done with the
right people in charge.
• Career Progression
• Promotion – transparency and fairness
• New and different responsibilities may be given to employees to boost
their morale.
Coaching For Self and Team Development

There is an increasing interest in coaching in the world of work, a brief
overview of the coacfhing process, should be developed early, along with a
profile of the coaching skills that will be needed to be a good coach
Ongoing Evaluation of Retention Strategies

This must be done through,
• Surveys/questionnaires (employee satisfaction index)

• Meetings and focus sessions
• Learning from exit interviews
• Reporting back and taking act
Key Success Factor

The key to success for the proposed hospital is to recruit doctors, nurses and
technicians having experience and exposure to state of the art
technology and cutting edge techniques in medicine at a competitive
price. Qualified and experienced medical professionals will be recruited to
provide world class healthcare.
Categorization of Staff
The hospital would employ personnel including medical,

administrative, nursing, paramedical, Pharmacy and support staff. The
detailed manpower list along with the salary scales is available in the
financial sheet.
6. FINANCIAL PLANNING & ANALYSIS
Project Cost & Means of Funding
Land
The proposed hospital will be built on a plot having an area of 20 acres. The
total built up area is subject to options provided.
Building, Civil and other works
The cost of civil work, which includes building and other, is subject
to options.
Medical Equipment
Cost of Medical equipment is subject to options and specialties considered in

a phased manner. Medical equipment includes provision for operation
theatres, required number of ICU beds and diagnostic equipment,
Funding Pattern
The Total Project cost for the hospital is subject to options. However normally
the funding pattern is as mentioned below:
Equity 25%
Secured Loans 75%
Debt is acquired through a term loan with the following terms and conditions:
Debt Terms & Conditions

Tenure 8Years
Repayment 7 Years

Interest rate 10.40%
Interest payment 8 Years
A detailed estimate of the Project Cost under major sub headings such
as Land & Building, Services, Medical Equipment, Preoperative expenses,
etc. is provided in financial spreadsheet.
Hospital Income
Importance of Income
The single most crucial factor, which is going to determine the financial
viability, is the potential of the proposed facilities to earn attractive revenues
from its operations. The nature and size of the hospital having been
established in the preceding chapters, this chapter brings out the factors
influencing the pricing, a tariff survey and detailed projection of income for the
Hospital.
Factors
The following factors influence the earnings:

• Volume of in-patients
• Volume of Outpatients
• Health Check up Packages
• Level of activity
• Range of routine and special procedures/facilities offered
• Tariff and rates proposed to be charged
The hospital would have beds earning direct and indirect income for the
hospital. The beds will be commissioned in a phased manner subject to
options. Revenue from inpatients would not only be from room rent but
also indirectly through diagnostics, treatment procedures, surgery,
consultations, consumables and drugs.
The annual income booked by the hospital at 100% capacity utilization
has been provided in the respective financial spreadsheet for all the
options. The capacity utilization based on the demand supply scenario is
considered achievable.
Volume of Inpatients
The size of the Hospital is the basis for this. The beds earn direct and indirect
income for the Hospital. Apart from paying for the rooms on per day basis,
the patient would indirectly contribute income in the form of diagnosis,
treatment/surgery, consultations, medicines etc.
Volume of out-Patients

This is another major income generating segment right from OPD
registration, consultation, diagnosis, routine & simple procedures,
physiotherapy, pharmacy etc. The assumptions are on the basis of about
70 outpatients as the maximum daily flow at 100per cent.
Preventive check-up schemes & insurance schemes would become an

important aspect of hospital's operations. Specific schemes would be tailor-
made to suit requirements of a wide cross-section. Some of the schemes
would be:
Master Health Check-up

Executive Health Check-up
Well-Woman Check-up
Pre-Employment Check-up
Annual screening
Specific Disease Prevention Clinics (viz. Hypertension, Asthma,
Diabetes, etc.)
Tariff/Charges
Proposed tariff for the new project has been worked out taking into account
the existing tariffs in Kolkata for similar medical facilities. Marketing
efforts, introductory rates for certain procedures, etc. are matters to be
decided upon in due course.
Factors influencing pricing are:

Performance of other private hospitals vis-à-vis pricing
Opinions / views of doctors interviewed
Cost of providing the service
Projected Income:
Income detail has been provided in the financial spreadsheets for all the
options. The capacity utilization level based on the demand-supply scenario for
advanced secondary care hospital in Joka is considered so as to have a
conservative estimate.
The income calculations for the hospital are provided in the financial
statement
Financial Analysis
The nature and flow of patients to the hospital and their utilization of
different facilities are required for hospital planning and income
computation. The utilization levels are based on the market study and the
potential referral base. There could be some deviations in this as the
hospital’s activity level picks up, but by and large the typical trend will
eventually emerge.
a. Revenue Analysis
Department wise revenue analysis has been done accordingly for all the
options and mentioned in the financial spreadsheet.
b. Cost Analysis
i) Manpower expenses
The total personnel expenses incurred by the Hospital have been computed
and provided in financial spreadsheet. A salary revision of 10% every year
from the second year of operations has been considered.
ii) Material
In a Hospital, the cost of materials includes cost of consumables, reagents
(excluding implants, stents, etc) besides various other kinds of material. The
Material cost works out to be approx. 20% - 25% on the gross revenue subject
to options.
iii) General & Administrative expenses

The General and administrative expenses are calculated as a percentage of
the revenue. These percentages have been arrived at based on our
experience in managing various Hospitals of similar nature.
iv) Working Capital

The constituents of working capital cycle are as below: -
Raw materials 2 month
Debtors - 1 month (Only credit sales)
Creditors - 1 month
c). Viability - Financial Indicators
The key financial indicators are as

under:
ƒ Internal Rate of Return
ƒ Break Even Point which vary subject to options provided.
7. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
In order to effectively control the cost of the project and on time

implementation of the same would be essential. Timely implementation
would ensure meeting commitments to owners and employees. This
involves meticulous planning of hospital projects each activity to the macro
and micro levels. At this stage, identified key activities have been set out over
framed time scale.
Once the Feasibility Report is accepted for implementation, these activities
will be split into more detailed sub-activities with indicative duration in
number of weeks. This analysis would reveal critical and sub critical
activities. We will prepare a PERT chart integrating all such activities sub-
activities for project monitoring.
Based on the teams experience and skills set in implementation of similar
projects during our 2 decades of experience in this healthcare sector, we
envisage that the following key activities would call for proper grasp and
detailed planning. This would be critical for successful implementation of
the project on hand.
1. Construction (Civil works and
Utilities)
2. Medical Equipment
3. Human Resources
4. Marketing
Building Construction
Certain civil works and engineering services such as Electrical, Sanitary/

Plumbing, Air- conditioning, Boilers, Gas Lines etc. need to be done.
Adequate planning, co-ordination and monitoring are essential to ensure
that all these works are finished in time. Any deviation in this result in
delayed commissioning thus causing cost escalation. During the finishing
stage the pace of work and interrelation between the contractors would
be crucial aspect requiring effective management. Adequate staffing
(Engineering, Supervisory and Administration) during project management
phase will be required.
Equipment Purchase & Installation
In order to peg the cost of medical equipment, which constitutes the major
part of project cost, the process of evaluation of offers and selection of
equipment in all details should be taken up in time. We will tie up delivery
schedule, considering supply lead time and project commissioning schedule.
Aspects of accessories, spares, consumables, uptime guarantee, service
capability, pre-delivery inspection, training of technician wherever needed
and so on would be part of the selection process.
HR-Recruitment
Identifying and recruiting medical and Para-medical personnel are also

crucial since this process would be time consuming. The success of the
hospital greatly depends upon how effectively specialists, doctors,
surgeon, consultants, radiologists, pathologists, biochemists, technicians,
nurses etc. are associated. Detailed planning of human resources and a
plan of action for their selection, training and deployment are very crucial
factors through the project planning and implementation.
Marketing & Referral Network
Steps to be taken to create sufficient public awareness of the new hospital and
to achieve high utilization at an early stage through advance planning of
marketing strategies, publicity campaign, pre & post launch activities. In fact
the marketing setup would be key link between the potential market and
the hospital itself. The team will be in constant touch with medical
community for two-way communication, which would go long way in fine-
tuning publicity efforts, tariff fixation etc.
Approvals & Permits
The statutory approvals, clearances and permits will be obtained by the

client from various authorities during different stages of the project.
Conclusion
To sum up, detailed planning, efficient implementation and effective

monitoring of all such activities, with special emphasis on identified critical
activities, would ensure the success of the project. The success of the project
is measured by timely execution within the cost parameters envisaged

THE
MEDICAL
COLLEGE

In India, Medical College refers to an educational institution that
provides medical education. These institutions may vary from stand-alone
colleges that train doctors to conglomerates that offer training related in all
aspects of medical care. The term is synonymous with Medical School as
used in the USA and some other countries.
Indian law requires these types of institutions to be recognized by

the Medical Council of India. Indian government keeps an updated list of
this approved medical college.
Undergraduate courses
Prospective students for an undergraduate course leading towards
a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree must have
completed a HSC (10+2, or high school) with the Science stream, including
the subjects Biology, Chemistry and Physics with at least 50% marks.
Graduate courses
An MBBS degree with registration by the Medical Council of India is the
basic requirement for all graduate courses in the field of medicine and
surgery. In India, these courses are often referred to as Post-graduate
courses as the MBBS confers "graduate" status. In India, students
substitute the four year degree customary in the US, (aka the Bachelors

degree) with two years of high school
coursework (grades 11-12) and immediately
start at medical school.
Admission process
In India, there is a competition to qualify for
an MBBS seat. Around 1 Million candidates
compete for 32000 MBBS seats.
Admission criteria differ from one part of
the country to another and even from Institution to Institution. In general,
admission is based on one of the following:
Marks obtained in the competitive examinations like AIPMT & other state
level examinations.
Marks obtained in the final examinations of Std. XII.
For post graduate courses, rank obtained in an entrance examination forms
the basis for admission. Specific institutions may also require a personal
interview of the candidate.
The Government of India has

allocated a number of seats for
students from developing countries
where facilities for medical
education are either inadequate.
The exact number and country-
based allocation of these reserved
seats may vary annually.
Students seeking admission to the

reserved seats are required to apply through the Indian missions abroad or
through the diplomatic missions of the respective countries in India. The
Indian Embassy or High Commission in a country will be able to provide
more information on request. The last date of submission of application is
usually the 28th February of the corresponding year. An international
student must have completed 12 years of schooling. International
students studying in schools in India can apply pending the declaration of
theirHigher Secondary (10+2) or equivalent examination results.
International students can seek university admission to undergraduate
courses in Engineering, Medicine (MBBS) and Dentistry (BDS) in private
colleges.
Courses offered
M.B.B.S.
A Medical College offers graduate degree MBBS. Only institutions offering

MBBS course in its curriculum are referred to as a Medical Colleges . The
college may teach Post Graduate as well as Paramedical courses. The
admission to government MBBS programs is
highly competitive because of high subsidy and
extensive hands on experience. The seats are
filled through:
 All India Pre Medical Entrance Exam: Most

competitive exam in the country, Nearly
200 thousand students compete for about
2000 MBBS seats. The students have to
complete two years of pre medical studies,
admissions to which are again highly
selective, with only top 15% of students
being able to get into the stream.
 State pre medical entrances.The MBBS course starts with the basic
pre-clinical subjects such
as biochemistry, physiology, anatomy, microbiology, pathology and p
harmacology. The students simultaneously obtain hands-on training
in the wards and out-patient departments, where they interact with
real patients for five long years. The curriculum aims to inculcate
standard protocols of history taking, examination, differential
diagnosis and Complete patient Management. The student is taught
to determine what investigations will be useful for a patient and
what are the best treatment options. The curriculum also contains a
thorough practical knowledge and practice of performing standard
clinical procedures. The course also contains a 12 month long
internship, in which an intern is rotated across various specialties.
Besides standard clinical care, one also gets a thorough experience of

ward management, staff management and thorough counseling
skills.
 MBBS
Professionals holding MBBS Degrees are referred to by the title of

"Doctor" and use the prefix "Dr".
 I (First) MBBS
The pre-clinical course consists
of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry,and these are the basic

subjects of medical students and it lasts for a year. Prior to 1997 the
MBBS consisted of 1½ years, but this was trimmed to make more
time available for clinical exposure. Passing the MBBS final
examination is mandatory to proceed with the course. A candidate
failing the first MBBS examination is detained until all the 1st MBBS
subjects are cleared. This is considered a major drawback of the
Indian medical education system.In many universities if one does not
clear a subject that student will get into an intermediate batch. It is a
severe drawback. Morning session usually consist of an Anatomy
lecture followed by dissection, except for one day when a class in
biostatistics may be taken. Afternoon sessions consist of a theory
class followed by laboratory work in Physiology or Biochemistry or it
may be histology branch of anatomy.

 II (Second) MBBS
Pathology, Pharmacology, Microbiology, and Forensic Medicine for

one and half years. After clearing all the 4 subjects a student
advances to III MBBS. The lecture classes and lab work of these
subjects are usually held in the afternoons to enable students to
attend the clinical wards
and outpatient
departments in the
mornings. These are
followed by Short
postings (15days
duration) in Pediatrics,
Psychiatry, Forensic
medicine, Skin & Leprosy
& Respiratory medicine &
TB. This may be followed
directly by major postings or a clinical posting inCommunity
Medicine may intervene.
 III (Final) MBBS - Part I
Part I consists of one year, where Social and Preventive Medicine

(Community Medicine), Ear Nose and
Throat and Ophthalmology form the core subjects.
 [III (Final) MBBS - Part II
One year of focused training in the four basic clinical subjects,

namely: Medicine, Surgery (incl. Orthopaedics), Paediatrics,
Obstetrics & Gynaecology. On passing the final MBBS examination, a
candidate is awarded provisional registration by the MCI or the State
medical council and can start the internship. Permanent registration
(license to practice) and the final Medical degree (i.e., MBBS) is
given only after successful and satisfactory completion of
the Compulsory Rotatory Resident Internship, also called the CRRI.

Bachelors in Optometry Science
Optometry is a health care profession concerned with eyes and
related structures, as well as vision, visual systems, and vision
information processing in humans.
Optometrists (also known as
ophthalmic opticians are licensed
medical professionals trained to
prescribe and fit lenses to improve
vision, and to diagnose and treat
various eye diseases. In most U.S. states
optometrists are licensed to treat eye
diseases through topical therapeutic agents and oral drugs, and are
also able to perform certain types of laser surgery in some states. In
other countries patients are referred to other healthcare
professionals, such as ophthalmologists, neurologists and general
medical practitioners for further treatment or investigation.
 Duration of the course
This course will extend over a period of 3 years. Candidate admitted
to this course will work during his/her training in hospitals, in
outpatient, inpatient and hospital’s all other departments. He / She
has to attend theory classes as specified.
 Course of study for the B. Sc Optometry shall consist of the
following:-
Part I: Language (including Indian and Foreign
language)
Part II: English (Communicative English)
Part III: Core Papers related to subject of study
Part I and Part II shall be taught only during the
first year
Part III will be taught during all the three

years.

 FIRST YEAR
1 Language I
2 Language II
3 Physical Optics
4 Geometric Optics
5 General Anatomy & Ocular Anatomy
6 General Physiology & Ocular Physiology
7 General Bio\Chemistry & Ocular Bio\Chemistry
8 Physiology & Nutrition
9 Practical Physical Optics (Practical & Viva)
10 Practical - Geometric Optics (Practical & Viva)
11 Computer programming (Practical)
 SECOND YEAR
1 Optometric Optics
2 Visual Optics
3 Optometric Instruments & Clinical examinations of Visual system
4 General Pharmacology & Ocular Pharmacology
5 Microbiology & Pathology
6 Statistics & Occupational Optometry
7 Practical - Optometric Optics (Practical & Viva)
8 Practical -Visual Optics (Practical & Viva)
9 Clinical Work – Theory and Clinical
 THIRD YEAR
1 Squint & Binocular Vision
2 Contact Lens
3 Ocular diseases
4 Low vision aids
5 Geriatric Optometry & Pediatric
Optometry
6 Project
7 Practical – Squint (Practical & Viva)

8 Practical -Contact lens (Practical & Viva)
9 Practical - Ocular diseases (Practical & Viva)
10 Clinics
 Medium of instruction and examinations
The medium of instruction and examination for all core papers shall
be in English.
 Practical training
Being practical oriented program, the focus will be more for practical
training. The candidate shall undergo hospital inpatient and
outpatient care training continuously throughout the course.
Bachelors in Hospital Management

Programme Information
A large number of private hospitals and clinics have come up all over the
country. With increasing emphasis on quality of health care and patient
satisfaction there is a tremendous need for persons with a professional
qualification in Hospital Management.
Hospital Management is a new concept in management stream. Gone are

the days when a senior doctor would
generally be responsible for the role of a
hospital manager. But in today's era of
specialization, the term hospital has
undergone sea- changes and many
categories related to medical sciences
and hospitals have been revamped
completely. We have ordinary hospitals, specialty hospitals and even super
specialty hospitals depending upon the kinds of services they render to the
public and the number of people they cater to.
 TOPICS COVERED :
Some of the topics covered in the professional programme are as
follows :
 Administration of Hospital and Health Care Planning.
 General & Personnel Management in Health Institutions.

 Concepts of Epidemiology (Public Health Administration), Anatomy,
Physiology and Medical Terminology.
 Financial Management & Inventory Control in Hospitals.
 Behavioural Science (Organizational Behaviour in Hospitals).
 Organization & Management of Hospitals.
 Health Management Information System.
 Hospital Policies, Practices, Acts & Committees : Bhore & Mudalior -
Reports, Hospital Committee Reports & National Health Plans.
(Industrial Relations, Employees Welfare, Trade Unions, Labour
Laws).
 Counseling.
THE WORK:
As a Hospital Administrator you will be responsible for the overall
organization and management of the
hospital to ensure its smooth functioning
with the objective of ensuring the
complete satisfaction of the patient. You
will have to co-ordinate between the
various departments of the hospital,
ensure that all the equipment is
functional, that there is a smooth flow of medical supplies and above all
the required standards of cleanliness are maintained. You will also deal
with the employees and financial matters.
The emphasis is on quality, efficiency and cost containment. The

challenge is to deliver the highest quality care at the lowest cost. It
entails giving 100% of your time to quality in-patient care, lowering the
length of stay, decreasing resource utilization and working with the
medical and administrative staff to co-ordinate all
aspects of in-house care.
JOB OPPORTUNITIES:
Following the professional course you can avail of
challenging job opportunities in medical institutes,
hospitals, nursing homes and NGOs operating in the
health care sector.
Over one-half of all jobs in this field are in hospitals. The remainder is in
home health agencies, medical and dental laboratories, offices of
dentists and other practitioners, and other health and allied services.
New graduates with Master's degrees in health services or hospital
administration may start as assistant hospital administrators, or as
managers of non-health departments, like finance. Post-graduate
residencies and fellowships are offered by hospitals and other health
facilities; these are normally staff jobs. Graduates from Master's degree
programmes also take jobs in hospitals, large group medical practices,
clinics, mental health facilities, and multifacility nursing home
corporations. Health service managers advance by moving into more
responsible and higher paying positions such as assistant or associate
administrator and finally, CEO, or by moving to larger facilities.
Most job opportunities in the field of Hospital Management are in
hospitals, but one can also find
openings in health agencies,
laboratories and other health and
allied services. Government hospitals
as well
as
private
hospitals employ Hospital administrators/
managers. Hospital Management positions
varies from Head of the department to
Chief executive officer at numerous
organizational levels. A fresh graduate
with Master's degree in health services or hospital administration may
start their professional career as Assistant Hospital administrators or as
managers of various departments like Front office, Public Relations,
finance, Quality control etc. Experienced and senior Hospital
Administrators can eventually reach the position of Chief Executive
Officer (CEO). It is these people who are supposed to report to the
board of directors or the governing body of the hospital.
The Hospital Manager's role differs according to the size of the

organization. In a smaller, medical or health care center, they have to
handle day-to-day administrative work, which may involve billing,
maintenance, equipment supply etc. and also work closely with doctors,
in group practice and decision-making. But large-scale organizations
may require the services of a man ager in key aspects as well. Hospital
administrators have to co-ordinate amongest the various departments
of the hospital and have to ensure that all equipments are functional.
They are responsible for hiring non-medical staff, maintenance of
hospital services, security, building the hospital brand, non-marketing,
accounts, financial operations, planning and control for continuous
supply of materials, management of the research and clinical work etc.
Employment opportunities in this field are plenty. Fresh degree holders

may start their professional career as assistant hospital administrators
or as managers of non-health departments like finance. One can find
employment in large corporate and public sector hospitals, international
and national healthcare organizations and health insurance companies,
College and Universities, Healthcare Portals, Nursing Homes, Mental
Health Facilities, Pharmaceuticals and Hospital Supply Firms, Medical
Software Companies and Hospital Consulting Firms. Big hospitals like
Escorts Heart Institute, Apollo Hospital, Belleview Hospital, CMRI, AMRI,
Moolchand Hospital, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Hospital etc. appoint hospital
management graduates for their
administration purposes.
Diploma in Medical Lab
The diploma prepares students for a career as
a technologist in a medical laboratory.
Students will learn how to perform laboratory
tests and analysis on human blood, bodily
fluids and tissues to assist doctors in diagnosing and managing diseases.
This program will equip students with extensive theoretical knowledge and
relevant practical skills to meet the needs of the modern medical industry.
Program Aims
To produce competent professionals who
contribute to the field of laboratory medicine,
which in turn helps further quality healthcare
provisions.

To provide a springboard for those aspiring to become clinical
scientists, research scientists or academicians by encouraging them to
further their studies with a Bachelor's degree in biomedical science,
forensic science and, thereafter, a Masters degree or a PhD in related
disciplines.
Career Prospects
Medical laboratory technologists can work in public or private
hospital laboratories, private clinical laboratories, public health
laboratories, universities and research institutions. The support
services of medical laboratory technologists are indispensable to the
healthcare industry.
SUBJECTS
 General Chemistry
 General Anatomy & Physiology
 General Biology
 Introduction to Medical Laboratory Science
 Clinical Immunology
 Reading, Vocabulary & Grammar
 Biochemistry
 Histotechnology I & II
 Cytology I & II
 Hematology I & II
 PC Competency
 Clinical Microbiology I & II
 Clinical Chemistry I & II
 Urine & Body Fluid Analysis
 English for Specific Purpose
 Transfusion Science I & II
 Medical Laboratory Calculation
 Academic Reading & Writing
 Clinical Parasitology I & II
 Molecular Diagnostics
 Pengajian Islam / Pendidikan Moral
 Critical & Creative Thinking
 Clinical Training I & II
Scheme of Examination :
There shall be two examinations- one at the end of the first year called as
Preliminary Examination and the other at the end of the second year - the
final examination. Both the examination shall be conducted by the Para
Medical Board.
No student whose name is not approved by the Para Medical Board will be
allowed to take up the preliminary examination. A student without 75%
attendance both in theory and particles during the course of the study will
also not be allowed. However, a student can be promoted to study the
second year if he has completed the first year study.
A certificate will be issued by the Para Medical Board to the successful
candidate on completion of the final examinations.
Diploma in Radiography:
Duration -1 & 1/2 YEARS FULL TIME (3

SEMESTERS)
Eligibility - H.S.C. PREFERABLY IN SCIENCE WITH

ATLEAST 45% AGGREGATE
Admission Procedure - ADMISSION ON THE BASIS WRITTEN

TEST FOLLOWED BY AN INTERVIEW
The Diploma Course in Radiography has been a long felt need of the
medical community which is required to be filled on a priority basis. GICE &
D has therefore designed a syllabus that will train young students to take -
up jobs as technicians/trainee radiographers in public and private radiology
centers. These students will not only be trained by professionals / visiting
faculty drawn from different hospitals five days in a week to get hands-on-
experience for the different aspects of the radiographers` job. In addition
to this they will also undergo on-the-job training for a period of six months
in the third semester. The students will therefore be extremely well trained
to assist the radiologist in carrying out his/her day to day responsibilities.
Course Offered
HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & PATHOLOGY

EFFECTS OF RADIATION AND PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION PROTECTION
DARKROOM TECHNIQUES & RADIOLOGY
SPECIAL RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURES
RADIOLOGICAL PHYSICS & RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO PRINCIPLES OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY, CT SCAN & MR
IMAGING.
Postgraduate courses
All the major colleges also have

Postgraduate Degree or Diploma courses in
their programmes. The awards conferred
are Doctor of Medicine (MD), Master of
Surgery (MS) or Diplomat of National
Board (DNB)). The MD/ MS degrees are
offered by the Universities affiliated to
the Medic
al Council of India and the DNB degree is
awarded by the National Board of
Examinations, an independent
autonomous body under the Ministry of
Health, India.
They are available in different streams of medical science such as General

medicine, General
surgery, Orthopaedics, Radiodiagnosis, Radiotherapy, ENT, Ophthalmology,
Anaesthesia, Paediatrics, Community
medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, Forensic medicine,
Pharmacology, Anatomy, etc. Degree courses are of 3 years duration while
diploma courses are of 2 years duration. Following post-graduation,
students can opt for further sub-specialization in their area of interest by
opting for courses called DM or DNB (Doctorate of Medicine), or MCh or
DNB (Master of Chirurgery/ Surgery) again of 3 years duration.
An MD or a DNB (general medicine or paediatrics)

is the basic requirement for specialization in
Cardiology, Nephrology, Neonatology, Gastro-
enterology, Neurology except for Clinical
Hematology (Pathology or general medicine) etc
while an MS or a DNB (general surgery, ENT or
Orthopaedic surgery) is the basic requirement for
Neurosurgery, Urology, Cardio-thoracic &
Vascular Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery,
Paediatric Surgery, Plastic Surgery, etc.
Family Medicine has now become an area of priority in India, and many
teaching hospitals offer DNB (Family Medicine).
Post-doctoral fellowship courses in Neuro-radiology, Neuro or Cardiac

anesthesiology, etc are offered by select institutions.
MBA in Hospital Management

An MBA helps to develop your personal career chances in a changing and
expanding health sector. Our part-time, modular MBA with an
international hospital and healthcare management emphasis attracts
medical doctors, medical scientists,
administrators, engineers, lawyers and
managers in full time employment in all
sectors of the international healthcare
industry.
You can combine study and work, and benefit

from a worldwide competence network. The

course is unique in its trans-national structure. It includes eight nine-day
attendance modules, and is taught over 18 months. We view hospitals as
quality-oriented and results-driven service enterprises, operating in a
fiercely competitive global environment. The MBA programme aims at
developing entrepreneurial hospital and healthcare managers equipped
with advanced skills and expertise to master the challenges in a globalised
hospital and healthcare sector.
Through case studies, the participants gain a systematic understanding of
international, modern hospital and healthcare management practices.
CORE SUBJECTS OF THE CURRICULUM

The overall aim is to help participants develop their management and
leadership competencies, enabling them to improve their effectiveness,
maximize their contribution to their organizations and achieve their
career potential.
Academic content of the courses include:
 Macro and microeconomics
 Managing financial resources
 Managerial accounting and hospital controlling
 Management in different health systems
 Strategic and market-oriented management
 Quality management
 Management of processes / IT
 Managing the organisation
 Human resource management
 Value chain management

Management techniques offered include:
 Change management
 Target, time and self-management
 Leadership methods

 Intercultural management
 Conflict management
 Team coaching
 Networking skills
 Presentation skills
 Negotiation skills
 Project management
BUSINESS ACUMEN, THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL SKILLS
The curriculum concentrates on general management, tailored specifically
to entrepreneurial hospital and healthcare management, with a practical
and interdisciplinary focus. It aims primarily to enhance the participants'
ability to identify business opportunities, make firm, clear decisions, plan
and control business functions, as well as motivate and develop people
and organizations. Drawing on hospital case studies, the programme aims
to develop graduates' analytical and critical abilities far beyond the scope
customarily found in this sector at the
national level.
Target groups for the MBA in Hospital

Management
The MBA in Hospital Management

programme targets doctors, scientists, engineers, pharmacists and
administrators who are keen on enriching their development as managers
in order to further their careers. The fact that this programme caters to
people from such a wide range of sectors from within the healthcare
industry allows for a more holistic approach to confronting the constant
challenges this industry faces.
Executive MBA programme for aspiring healthcare professionals
This executive MBA programme caters to aspiring healthcare

professionals who are already engaged in full-time employment. The part-
time attendance helps students to strike a fine balance between study
and work without sacrificing income or job experience. Furthermore, the
prospect of studying theories and concepts in healthcare management
while having the opportunity to directly apply them to daily work
experience adds even more value and sustainability.
International approach to healthcare management courses
In this age of globalisation it becomes more and more necessary to have

an international perspective in order to savour the various experiences in
healthcare management at close hand. This international approach allows
candidates the opportunity to think outside of the constraints of their
own environment and allows them to cross international borders and rub
shoulders with leading global experts in healthcare management.
Internship
After successful completion of the MBBS course, one has to compulsorily

work in the hospital attached to the medical
college or in any other approved hospital
allowed in some medical colleges, for a
period of one year. The student gets the
degree only after satisfactory completion of
the CRRI. An Intern (also called
an Internee or a CRRI) is posted in all the
clinical departments of the hospital on a
rotation basis. This gives him the basic
clinical and practical knowledge about all the disciplines of medicine and
makes the medical graduate fit to work in the community as a General
Physician. The schedules of an intern is usually extremely exhaustive. For
example one may have to work for whole night and then again start the
next day duty only after 1 to 2 hour which would last till afternoon.24 hour
sleepless duty at a stretch is not uncommon and sometimes the scheduled
breaks are also not allowed by the superiors. He/ she is also paid a monthly
stipend for his work in the hospital which differs in different medical
colleges on the basis of the management. The person is licenced to practice
medicine only after completion of this internship. And only after finishing

internship, one can receive his MBBS degree and can pursue postgraduate
studies.
The Internship is different

from House Officership (which
may follow Internship), as
understood in UK and other
countries. The latter is not a
compulsory tenure. The House
Physician or House
Surgeon unlike an Intern, works
in a particular department of his
or her choice and is paid a monthly 'salary' for his work in the hospital
(especially, in the UK). The American counterpart is simply called a
"Resident" (i.e., a Resident Physician or a Resident Surgeon).
But in India nevertheless, the Internship or

the House Surgeoncy or the House
Officership - all are considered to be one-&-
the-same. Besides, there is no such term as a
"House Physician". This is because, in India,
the Doctor who is undergoing higher
specialty training following Internship is
called a "Post-Graduate student" (i.e., a
Medicine PG student or a Surgery PG
student).
Responsibility of an intern
The Interns are entrusted with clinical responsibilities under the

supervision of a Medical teacher or a Resident/ PG student/ Senior medical
officer. They do not work independently. Interns are not supposed to issue
medical certificates, death certificates or
medico-legal documents under their own
signatures.
Integrating clinics and research

It was originally built as a Superspeciality
tertiary care (refers to India's three-tier
health system with Primary clinics, which refer cases to secondary district
level hospitals, which in turn refer cases to regional tertiary hospitals)
centre with primary emphasis on research and specialized training facilities.
MBBS is the basic medical course, the same as medical school. This is
followed by specialization, is the term for postgrad training in General
Surgery, General Internal Medicine, Pediatrics and other fields. Super
specialties are those healthcare fields whose practitioners need specialized
certification after completing their postgraduations, examples being
cardiothoracic and vascular surgery, rheumatology, Neurology, Pediatric
Neurology etc.
Having clinical super specialties in the same campus as its major research
facilities makes medical college optimally suited for nurturing best quality
translational research, which can translate into clinically useful end
products, in India.
Medical College have a responsibility to educate medical students to
meet the primary and specialty health care needs of the region by
providing highly skilled, cost-effective, patient-centered care in a variety
of settings.
Medical College Aim to:

 Provide the finest education to the medical
students.
 Contribute to the lifelong education of
physicians throughout their careers.
 Improve health care available to the rural
population in the surrounding.
 Deliver the highest quality of clinical care.
Continue to develop as a regionally recognized leader in education

through innovation and excellence.
Provide the community with a diverse cadre of highly-trained
professionals capable of performing in a wide variety of clinical settings.
Graduates will be prepared for and encouraged to provide cheaper
medical care in rural and underserved areas.
Faculty and graduates will contribute to the community by being active
in social and health-care endeavors that promote the health and well-
being of the community.
Medical College Values:
 Commit to excellence in all that we do.

 Show total unconditional regard for all
patients.
 Demonstrate respect for each patient's
person, privacy, culture, beliefs, and rights.
 Exhibit compassion for those entrusted to our
care.
 Treat other members of the health care team
in a professional manner.
Departments in the College
Departments
Dept. Of Anatomy
Dept. Of Biochemistry
Dept. Of Physiology
Dept. Of Forensic Medicine
Dept. Of Microbiology
Dept. Of Pathology
Dept. Of Pharmacology
Dept. Of Anaesthesiology
Dept. Of Community
Medicine
Dept. Of E.N.T.
Dept. Of Medicine
Dept. Of Obstetrics &

Gynaecology
Dept. Of Ophthalmology

Dept. Of Orthopaedics
Dept. Of Paediatrics
Dept. Of Psychiatry
Dept. Of Radiology
Dept. Of Skin And V. D.
Dept. Of Surgery
Dept. Of T. B. & Chest

E-Learning
Medical College, with the help of software and support from the
School of Medicine and School of Public Health has created a
dynamic multimedia knowledge management system to support
faculty and students in teaching and learning. The Curriculum
Website provides a portal to an integrated body of knowledge and
ways to personally organize the vast array of health information
through its online curricular materials and related applications.
Library
It is the aim of the Library of the Medical College to serve the varied
needs of its many readers
efficiently. The Library
makes available to the
staff, and medical and
Paramedical students, a
wide collection of medical
literature, including Books,
Journals, Reference
Sources and pamphlets. The amount of newly published
information available to the medical student, the practising doctor,
the research scientist and other personnel and students, demands a
flexible library system and trained library staff. This site explains the
resources, services, privileges and regulations and Electronic
Resources like e-Journals, e-books etc., of the library. It should
enable readers to obtain the information they seek in the most
expeditious and efficient manner. The Library Staff hope to serve
you conscientiously and well, and thereby make their contribution

to the optimum practice of the art and science of medicine
Research
Research is an integral part of the vision and the mission of Medical

College. Research at the institution has
been oriented to areas of need and
emphasizes application of knowledge to
relevant problems. The inculcation of an
attitude of inquiry, acquisition of
knowledge of the mechanisms of
research and the conduct of research, at
various levels of involvement in health
care, are encouraged in faculty and
students.
Research is the key to excellence in academic medicine, but the conduct

of research is frequently misunderstood as requiring both skills and
resources not available to the practicing clinician. Defining research as a
systemic investigation in order to contribute to generalizable knowledge
makes it clear that research can be conducted in any environment and
with minimal resources. Some forms of
research, particularly in the basic and
applied sciences, do require significant
investments and able to support
research in a wide range of some basic
and substantial clinical and
translational medicine.
Economic analyses have shown that the benefits of research are far in
excess of investments. These analyses are based on the benefits to
society in terms of human health and longevity, and do not consider the
long term inquiry driven attitudinal changes that we seek to inculcate in
our faculty and trainees. Nonetheless, it is heartening that in addition to
treating our patients individually or promoting community health, our
research is key to fulfillment of our motto ‘not to be ministered unto,
but to minister’ on the widest and longest lasting scale.

TRAINING PROGRAMMES
Manuscript Completion Workshop
Good medical manuscript writing demands more than just high-

quality research. It requires accurate and concise communication of
findings and conclusions, appealing
presentation, and adherence to
extensive journal guidelines. In
order to help researchers
communicate their results and help
accumulate knowledge through
conference papers, reports, on-line
journals and print journals, Medical
College conducts a Manuscript
completion workshop for three days which is held three times a year.
Main purpose: To help staff complete writing up their results or

papers for submission. All those who have research projects for
which data collection has been completed and need protected
time for data entry, help with statistical analysis and editing are
eligible to apply. More than one person (up to three people) involved
with a particular project may attend. Selections will be made on a first
come first served basis, type of project, and on the basis of any
urgency for rapid publication.
Research Ethics Workshop

Research involving human subjects is based on a moral commitment
to advancing human welfare, knowledge and understanding, and to
exploring cultural dynamics. This has become important, especially
where trials conducted in developing countries are concerned. Of
fundamental importance is the duty to conduct scientifically sound
research while acting in the participant's best interests and respecting
and protecting the participant's autonomy. In order to emphasis the
importance of Ethics in Research, Medical College conducts a
Research Ethics Workshop twice yearly.
The topics discussed during the workshop are:
 Historical perspectives; ethical principles; guidelines, and
overview of contemporary ethical issues in research
 Law, Medicine and Ethics
 Informed consent: content and process; vulnerable populations
 Controversies in research: the use of placebos
 Evidence based ethics
 Confidentiality
 Ethics of Cancer Research
 Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines
 Institutional Ethics committee
 Conflict of interest - Case scenarios
 Group work & presentations
 Retrospective studies and Case studies
 Standards of care & Post trial Access
 Mock Ethics Committee
 Data Monitoring and monitoring the conduct of research
 Research on stored samples
 Ethics of New Technologies – Genetics, Genomics, Stem Cell
research
 Ethical issues in assisted reproduction
 Scientific Misconduct and Research Integrity
 Authorship & publication ethics
 Ethics issues in research using Animals
Grant Writing Workshop
The Grant writing workshop is conducted twice in a year.

The programme includes:
 Components Of Grant Applications
 Indian and International Funding agency requirements
 Successful Grant Writing-Strategies and Tips
Scientific Writing Workshop

The scientific writing workshop covers the essential components of a
paper, preparation of a structure or outline, time-management,
effective communication, strategies for ensuring clarity and tips on
choosing appropriate journal for submission.
It is a half day workshop which is conducted twice in a year.
“How to read a paper”

This workshop covers how to approach a critical
reading of published literature, assessment of
the quality of a paper and understanding of key
elements in evaluation.
It is a half day workshop which is
conducted twice in a year.
Research Methodology Workshop

IndiaCLEN, one of the seven regional networks of INCLEN
(International Clinical Epidemiology Network) is registered as a non-
profit health research network. The core unit of the IndiaCLEN is the
Clinical Epidemiological Units (CEU) established in selected medical
colleges to support the dissemination and application of clinical
epidemiological principles in the education/research activities. The
members of the CEU meet 3-4 times a year and discuss academic
matters relevant to evidence based medicine as well as plans for the
activities of the CEU. The CEU is involved in 4 major activities
(a) Teaching research methodology to undergraduate and post
graduate students and faculty
(b) Assisting Post-graduate students and faculty in carrying out
various aspects of research
(c) Developing and carrying out research projects-both single centre
and multicentre studies in India and South-East-
Asia
(d) Activities as part of the IndiaCLEN network-
including teaching, research and administration of
the network.

PG Epidemiology workshops:
Introduction to epidemiology:
This 2-day workshop is aimed at introducing the Post-graduate
students to the basic principles of epidemiology, developing research
questions and study designs. It also covers research ethics, health
economic and systematic reviews
Protocol development workshop:

This 2-day workshop is aimed at helping the Post-graduate student to
develop his or her protocol for their MD/MS/DM/McH dissertation.
The resource faculty helps the student and their respective guides
develop their protocols based on their study question and study
designs. It includes an overview of study designs, statistical methods,
templates for various study designs, classes on Zotero software as
well as epidata software for data entry form creation.
The thesis completion workshop:

This 2-day workshop is aimed at helping the Post-graduate student
complete his dissertation. The faculty of the CEU assists with data
entry, analysis, interpretation and any other help required for
completion of the dissertation.
The animal research methodology

workshop:
This is a 2 hour workshop which
includes -Using animals in research,
ethics in animal research and doing
research in animals at medical
college.
Zotero-Reference manager workshop:

This 2 hour hand on workshop includes an introduction to the
reference managers and a hands workshop on using the Zotero
software.

Data Entry software and Database creation:
The CEU is planning to conduct workshops on the use of Epidata for
Data entry form creation as well as Database creation. These will
commence in the course of this year.
Awards:
INSTITUTIONAL
1. Research Award for Undergraduate Student
A Prize is awarded each year to the Undergraduate student who submits

the best research paper. The Committee set up for evaluating Under
Graduate Research Award grades reports on a 10 point scale on five
aspects, relevance, methodology, analysis, conclusions, presentation and
discussion. Students applying for the Undergraduate Research Award
should submit 4 copies of a complete report of their project to the
Additional Vice-Principal (Research) by 1st August of the year of
application.
2. Best Paper (Senatus Award)
The Senatus has instituted an award of a gold medal for the best paper
published every year by a junior member of the Faculty (i.e. a non Senatus
member). A panel of experts will scrutinize the submission and decides on
the best paper. The paper is scored based on relevance of objectives, study
design, analysis, presentation, discussion, impact and the prominence of
the journal is which the article is published. A covering letter and four
copies of the paper should be sent to the Additional Vice-Principal
(Research) by 1st August of the year of application.

3. IJMPO Award (Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology
Award)
This award is open to all post-graduate students, including Master’s,
MD/DM, MS/MCh and PhD trainees. Papers published in the previous
calendar year arising out of work done during the training programme are
eligible for the award, and are ranked on their significant contributions to
basic or clinical medical research.
EXTERNAL
ICMR AWARDS - Annual awards
1. Cash award: Rs.20, 000. It is a prize awarded to a scientist for the
research work carried out in the field of GASTROENTEROLOGY /
CARDIOLOGY/ NEUROLOGY/ MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH/CHEST
DISEASES.
2. Cash award: Rs.50, 000. The prize is awarded to a research scientist

engaged in any area of BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES, including clinical
research. The scientist should be actively engaged for over ten
years and has shown sustained research activity.
3. Cash award: Rs.10, 000. It is an award given to Indian scientists for

the outstanding contributions in the field of PAEDIATRICS.
4. Cash award: Rs.20, 000. The prize is awarded to a woman scientist

for her meritorious work carried out in any of the branches of
BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES.

5. Cash award: Rs.20, 000. The prize is offered to a research scientist for
his/her outstanding and sustained contributions in any field of
Biomedical Sciences.
6. Cash award: Rs.10, 000. The award is given in the field of

PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE in one year and on REPRODUCTIVE
PHYSIOLOGY in the other.
7. Cash award: Rs.10, 000. It is granted to a scientist for his/her

outstanding contributions in the field of COMMUNICABLE DISEASES,
significantly adding to the existing knowledge in the field.
DBT (DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AWARDS)
1. Innovative Young Biotechnologist Award (IYBA)

The young scientists below the age of 35 years are considered for this
award.
Rs.25, 000/- per month for those awardees who are not in regular
employment. Awardees having a regular employment will receive a cash
award of Rs.1, 00,000/- (Rupees One Lakh Only) every year during the
course of the project.
2. Fellowships at The National Institute Of Biomedical Genomics

Applicants for this Fellowship should possess Ph.D., M.D., or an equivalent
degree relevant to biomedical genomics, with an outstanding track record
reflected in publications and other professional achievements. Each award
will receive a consolidated fellowship of Rs 75,000 per month and a
contingency grant (not exceeding Rs. 500,000 per annum) linked to a
project to be proposed by the applicant at the time of application. The
duration of the fellowship will be for a period of five years. In case an
award during the tenure of the fellowship finds a suitable job at any
research institute/university, he or she will be permitted to relinquish the
fellowship and take up the job.
3. Biotech Product, Process Development & Commercialization Awards

Upto five awards shall be given every year. Each award will carry a cash
amount of Rs.2.00 lakhs along with a citation. Rs.5.00 lakhs would be given
if the product is commercialized and has much higher impact of utilization
in the country.The applicants should be a citizen of India, and Indian
institution or an Indian company and be actively involved in the
development of biotechnology processes and products and
commercialization of technologies or product based on indigenous
research.
4. Tata Innovation Fellowship

To recognize the contribution of scientists in various fields of biotechnology
Life Sciences, Agriculture, Biomedical Sciences, Bio engineering,
Translational Health sciences Indian Nationals who are below the age of 60
years.
The applicant should possess a Ph.D degree in Life Sciences, Agriculture,
Veterinary Science or a degree in Medical Sciences, Engineering or an
equivalent degree in Biotechnology related areas. The applicant must have
put in several years of work in the specific area. The amount of the
fellowship will be Rs.20, 000/- per month in addition to regular salary from
the host institute. In addition, each Fellow will receive a contingency grant
of Rs.5.00 lakh per annum for purchase of consumables, equipment,
international and domestic travel, engaging manpower and other
contingent expenditure to be incurred in connection with the
implementation of the project to be carried out during the tenure of the
fellowship.
5. “National Bioscience Award for Career Development ”

Scientists who are currently engaged in basic and applied research in
biosciences & biotechnology including biological, agricultural, medical, and
environmental sciences and have made outstanding contributions in
research with potential for application/ product and technology
development. Each Award carries a cash prize of Rs. 1,00,000/- along with
project research grant of Rs.9,00,000/-. The nominee must be a citizen of
India including Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs) and should be below the
age of 45 years on December 31, 2007. The work for which nomination is
made must have been carried out in India.
CSIR AWARDS (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)
1. CSIR Young Scientists Awards

These awards are given for outstanding contributions made by young CSIR
scientists based on work done primarily in India. It comprises a citation, a
plaque and a cash prize of Rs. 50,000/-. The award also carries a grant

of Rs. 10 lakh spread over five years for pursuing a research project
independently.
2. CSIR Technology Awards

One prize each in the four technological areas of (a) Biological (b) Chemical
(c) Engineering (d) Materials technology to be awarded to individual (s) or
group(s) of personnel from CSIR and contributors external to CSIR for a
specific and outstanding technological achievement . Each Technology Prize
comprises a cash award of Rs. 2 lakh for the technological areas from (a) to
(d).

FINANCIALS

COST OF PROJECT & MEANS OF FINANCE
(Rs. In
Cost of Project : Lacs)
1 Land +Land Development with Registration Charges 1,500.00

2 Cost of Building 2,000.00
3 Utility including Library Books 50.00
4 Equipment 3,000.00
5 Plants & Machineries -
6 Furniture & Fixture 700.00
7 Other Assets 38.99
Total 7288.99
Means of Finance :
1 Bank Borrowing 5,466.74
2 Promoters Fund 1,822.25

Total 7,288.99

PROJECTED SCHEDULE OF INCOME FROM MEDICAL COLLEGE
Rupees in Lacs
ITEM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
TUITION
FEES/ANNUM 67.50 213.30 359.10 504.90 583.20 583.20 583.20 583.20 583.20 583.20
HOSTEL FEES
234.00 776.41 1,372.48 2,026.21 2,457.46 2,580.34 2,709.35 2,709.35 2,709.35 2,709.35
Total
301.50 989.71 1,731.58 2,531.11 3,040.66 3,163.54 3,292.55 3,292.55 3,292.55 3,292.55
REVENUE FROM
HOSPITAL; 1,474.60 1,350.50 1,841.06 2,544.05 2,810.50 2,985.70 3,387.20 3,460.20 3,686.50 3,686.50
INCOME FROM
DIAGNOSTIC 394.20 394.20 397.85 427.51 427.51 427.51 455.34 455.34 455.34 455.34
ACTIVITIES
INCOME FROM
HOSPITAL 939.88 939.88 1,095.00 1,168.00 1,168.00 1,323.13 1,350.50 1,350.50 1,414.38 1,414.38
LABORATORY
SERVICE
TREATMENT
CHARGES 558.45 558.45 558.45 627.80 627.80 627.80 704.45 704.45 704.45 704.45
INCOME FROM
SURGICAL 4,024.13 4,024.13 4,170.13 4,407.38 4,562.50 4,599.00 5,055.25 5,183.00 5,210.38 5,338.13
ACTIVITIES
INCOME FROM
OTHER 631.45 631.45 667.95 711.75 753.73 768.33 812.13 861.40 861.40 861.40
TREATMENTS
OTHER
INCOME(SERVICE 214.62 214.62 214.62 254.77 254.77 254.77 298.21 298.21 298.21 298.21
CHARGE, TARIFF
ETC.)
Total Income from
Hospital 8,237.32 8,113.22 8,945.06 10,141.25 10,604.80 10,986.23 12,063.07 12,313.09 12,630.64 12,758.39
Total Income from
Medical College & 8,538.82 9,102.93 10,676.64 12,672.37 13,645.46 14,149.76 15,355.62 15,605.64 15,923.19 16,050.94
Hospital
PROJECTED SCHEDULE OF INCOME FROM HOSPITAL PROJECTED SCHEDULE OF INCOME FROM HOSPITAL

INCOME & EXPENDITURE STATEMENT
Rs. In
Lacs
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Income - - - - - - - - -
Tution Fees, Hostel Fees, and 8538.82 9102.93 10676.64 12672.37 13645.46 14149.76 15355.62 15605.64 15923.19 16050.94
Income from Hospital
Total Income (A) 8538.82 9102.93 10676.64 12672.37 13645.46 14149.76 15355.62 15605.64 15923.19 16050.94
Expenditure-
Operating Expenses
Electricity ,Water & other Utility 1451.60 1547.50 1815.03 2154.30 2319.73 2405.46 2610.46 2652.96 2706.94 2728.66
Repairs & Maintenance 72.58 77.37 90.75 107.72 115.99 120.27 130.52 132.65 135.35 136.43
Journals & Periodicals 5.00 5.00 6.00 6.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00
Other Direct Overhead 290.32 309.50 363.01 430.86 463.95 481.09 522.09 530.59 541.39 545.73
Sub-total- (B) 1819.50 1939.37 2274.78 2698.88 2907.66 3014.82 3271.07 3324.20 3391.68 3418.83
Administrative Exp.-
Salaries & Allowances 1280.82 1365.44 1601.50 1900.85 2046.82 2122.46 2303.34 2340.85 2388.48 2407.64
Expenditure for Hospital 1976.22 1988.38 2180.69 2428.81 2525.86 2708.52 2974.76 3059.05 3175.35 3237.12
Misc. Overhead 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00
Sub-total- ( C ) 3267.04 3365.82 3796.18 4345.66 4590.68 4850.99 5298.10 5419.89 5583.83 5664.77
Financial Expenses-(D) 1366.69 1252.80 1100.94 949.09 797.23 645.38 493.53 341.67 189.82 37.96
Depreciation (E) 1117.50 823.63 614.14 478.94 366.99 297.71 245.46 207.06 178.53 157.06
Total Exp (B+C+D+E) 7570.72 7381.61 7786.05 8472.57 8662.57 8808.90 9308.16 9292.83 9343.85 9278.62
Operating Surplus/(Deficit)- 968.10 1721.32 2890.58 4199.79 4982.89 5340.86 6047.46 6312.82 6579.34 6772.33
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Net Surplus/( Deficit) 968.10 1721.32 2890.58 4199.79 4982.89 5340.86 6047.46 6312.82 6579.34 6772.33
C/F B/S 968.10 2689.42 5580.00 9779.79 14762.68 20103.55 26151.01 32463.82 39043.17 45815.49
Net Cash Accrual 2085.60 2544.95 3504.73 4678.74 5349.89 5638.57 6292.92 6519.88 6757.87 6929.39
PBDI 3,452.28 3,797.74 4,605.67 5,627.82 6,147.12 6,283.95 6,786.45 6,861.55 6,947.69 6,967.35

Medical College and Hospital Project Report Joka

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TECHNO INDIA MEDICAL

COLLEGE & HOSPITAL

Techno India Medical College and Hospital - Joka

This project aims to prepare a well-balanced Detailed Project Feasibility

The hospital will employ experienced and qualified professionals and

The management and functioning of the hospital will depend upon

The basic principle would be to deliver quality patient-centric services at

Upon establishment of the facility, qualified, highly skilled and experienced

The hospital would in turn generate a skilled human resource pool

2 Scope and Objectives of the feasibility study

This Detailed Project Feasibility Report analysis the major parameters

In brief, the Report analysis and estimates the following

• Reviews the macroeconomic, market and political scenario, conditions

• Reviews the current regional healthcare scenario and identifies

• Assesses and estimates the target market, the affordability factors

• Technical analysis, cost effective hospital planning, and integrating

• Guidelines for a well-balanced and sourced organizational structure

• Detailed financial projections highlighting project cost estimates,

Market Analysis – An Overview

The market analysis included a comprehensive needs assessment and demand

The secondary data that has been compiled by Techno India

Techno India Medical College and Hospital - Joka

Presently, healthcare spending in India is largely out of pocket. Some

In the organized sector, the year-on-year growth of preventive check-ups has

Techno India Medical College and Hospital - Joka

The Growth Potential:

The Demand Supply Gap:

Good healthcare in India is in extreme short supply. Hospitals in India are

Techno India Medical College and Hospital - Joka

Infant mortality is high in India. On an average, 80 out of every 1,000

Implications for the Private Players:

The Indian Healthcare Delivery market is estimated at US$ 18.7 billion.

Private healthcare will continue to be the largest component in 2012 and

Age wise population distribution

Techno India Medical College and Hospital - Joka

West Bengal Profile

West Bengal is a state in Eastern India. With Bangladesh, which lies on

There are 19 districts in West Bengal Each district is governed by a district

Economic Activity and Industrial Development

Techno India Medical College and Hospital - Joka

The state's only international airport is Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

Kolkata city, under the jurisdiction of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation

3.4.2 Economic Activity and Industrial Development

Kolkata is the main business, commercial and financial hub of Eastern

Public transport is provided by the Kolkata suburban railway and the

2001 (West Bengal) 2001 (Kolkata)

Population Total 80176197 4572876

Techno India Medical College and Hospital - Joka

Children 960 (927) 927

Profile of the Existing Hospitals

Name of the Hospital No Of Beds Specialty Location

Techno India Medical College and Hospital - Joka

Joka, is situated near Diamond Harbour Road and at a stone-throwing

3.5.2 Industrial & Residential Development

3.5.3 Transport Facilities available to reach Joka:

Easily Connected to Kolkata and accessible from any part of Kolkata

Economic Status of the Inhabitants:

Earning capacity of the people is more when compared to other areas of

Techno India Medical College and Hospital - Jok a

Market Research Summary

• The population of Joka, Diamond Harbour and Behala go to near by

• Some of them have a feeling that a multispeciality facility if available,

Upcoming Health Care Projects at Kolkata:

1. Global Hospitals, a Hyderabad based Chain of Hospitals is coming up