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UNIT3
UNIT3
Assembly language (мова асемблера) - [əˈsɛmbli ˈlæŋɡwɪʒ] Higher-level language (мова вищого рівня) - [ˈhaɪər
ˈlɛvl ˈlæŋɡwɪʒ] To vary (змінюватися) - [tu ˈværɪ] A great deal (велика кількість) - [eɪ ɡrɛɪt dil] Evolutionary
(еволюційний) - [ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri] To fall (падати) - [tuː fɔːl] Broad (широкий) - [brɔːd] Binary number system
(двійкова система числення) - [ˈbaɪnəri ˈnʌmbər ˈsɪstɛm] Text editor (текстовий редактор) - [tɛkst ˈɛdɪtər]
Researcher (дослідник) - [rɪˈsɜrtʃər] Translator program (програма-перекладач) - [trænsˈleɪtər ˈproʊɡræm] Close
(закрити) - [kloʊz] Familiar (знайомий) - [fəˈmɪliər] To communicate (спілкуватися) - [tu kəˈmjuːnɪˌkeɪt] Digit
(цифра) - [ˈdɪʤɪt] Sign (знак) - [saɪn] To consider (розглядати) - [tu kənˈsɪdər] Phasing (фазування) - [ˈfeɪzɪŋ]
Besides (крім) - [bɪˈsaɪdz] Portable (переносний) - [ˈpɔrtəbl] Compiler (компілятор) - [kəmˈpaɪlər] Visual
(візуальний) - [ˈvɪʒuəl] Toolbar (панель інструментів) - [ˈtʊlbɑr] To drag and drop (перетягнути й опустити) - [tuː
dræɡ ænd drɔp] Item (елемент) - [ˈaɪtəm] Button (кнопка) - [ˈbʌtn] Label (мітка) - [ˈleɪbəl] Text box (текстове
поле) - [tɛkst bɔks] Definition (визначення) - [ˌdɛfɪˈnɪʃən] Aware (свідомий) - [əˈwɛər] Front end (фронтенд) -
[frʌnt ɛnd] To hide (приховувати) - [tuː haɪd] Prototype (прототип) - [ˈproʊtəˌtaɪp] Artificial intelligence (штучний
інтелект) - [ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl ɪnˈtɛləʤəns] Description (опис) - [dɪˈskrɪpʃən] Design (дизайн) - [dɪˈzaɪn] Hardware
(апаратне забезпечення) - [ˈhɑrdwɛr] Software (програмне забезпечення) - [ˈsɔftwɛr] Performance studies
(дослідження продуктивності) - [pərˈfɔrməns ˈstʌdiz] Estimation (оцінка) - [ˌɛstəˈmeɪʃən] Reliability (надійність) -
[rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti] Availability (доступність) - [əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti] Incorporate (включати) - [ɪnˈkɔrpəˌreɪt] Development cycle
(цикл розробки) - [dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈsaɪkəl] Software engineering (інженерія програмного забезпечення) - [ˈsɔftwɛr
ˌɛndʒɪˈnɪrɪŋ] Date to (призначити дату) - [deɪt tuː] Numerical analysis (числовий аналіз) - [nuːˈmɛrɪkəl əˈnæləsɪs]
Digital computer (цифровий комп'ютер) - [ˈdɪʤɪtəl kəmˈpjuːtər] Circuit (схема) - [ˈsɜrkɪt] Notational system
(нотаційна система) - [noʊˈteɪʃənəl ˈsɪstɛm] Calculus (інтегральне числення) - [ˈkælkjʊləs]
1. Assembly language is a low-level programming language that is closely related to machine code.
2. Higher-level languages like Python and Java provide abstractions and are easier to understand and write than
assembly language.
3. The results of the experiment varied depending on the input parameters.
4. She accomplished a great deal of work in a short amount of time.
5. The evolutionary process has shaped the diverse range of species on Earth.
Exercise 2. Read and translate the following words paying attention to the way they are built. Determine their
parts of speech.
software - програмне забезпечення (noun) hardware - апаратне забезпечення (noun) computer - комп'ютер
(noun) science - наука (noun) system - система (noun) electronic - електронний (adjective) processor -
процесор (noun) electrical - електричний (adjective) digital - цифровий (adjective) calculator - калькулятор
(noun) magnetic - магнітний (adjective) program - програма (noun) terminology - термінологія (noun)
miniaturization - мініатюризація (noun) memory - пам'ять (noun) architecture - архітектура (noun) numerical -
числовий (adjective)
Exercise 3. Read the following word combinations. Check their meanings with your partner. Make up 10
sentences with them.
1. Computer science is a rapidly growing field that encompasses the study of algorithms and
computation.
2. Hardware and software are two essential components of a computer system.
3. The analysis of algorithms is a fundamental topic in computer science.
4. Computer systems integrate various hardware and software components to perform tasks efficiently.
5. Fields of electrical engineering heavily contribute to advancements in computer technology.
6. A notational system, such as binary or hexadecimal, is used to represent data in computers.
7. Complex logical expressions are often used in programming to make decisions based on multiple
conditions.
8. Algebraic manipulation is a technique commonly used in computer science to simplify and transform
mathematical expressions.
9. The calculator approach simplifies complex calculations by utilizing the computational power of a
calculator or computer.
10. Modern computers are equipped with advanced hardware and software, enabling them to perform
complex tasks at high speeds.
Exercise 4. Work in pairs. Create new words with the help of -ion; -al.
a) combination, estimation, experimentation, integration, information, transmission, expression, manipulation,
specification
МОВИ ПРОГРАМУВАННЯ
Person A: Hey, have you ever wondered how programming languages work?
Person B: Absolutely! Programming languages are fascinating. They provide the foundation for writing
instructions that computers can understand and execute.
Person A: I've heard that programming languages have specific rules called syntax. What exactly does that
mean?
Person B: That's correct! Syntax refers to the set of rules that dictate how code should be structured and
written in a programming language. It ensures that instructions are written in a consistent and
understandable manner.
Person A: So, are there different types of programming languages? Person B: Definitely! Programming
languages can be categorized into low-level languages, like machine and assembly languages, and high-
level languages such as Python, Java, and C++. There are also domain-specific languages designed for
specific applications.
Person A: Ah, I see. But what makes machine languages different from assembly languages?
Person B: Machine languages are directly understood by the computer hardware and consist of binary
code. On the other hand, assembly languages use mnemonic symbols to represent machine code
instructions, making them more human-readable and easier to work with.
Person A: I've heard of compilers and interpreters. What are they used for?
Person B: Compilers and interpreters are both translator programs. Compilers convert the entire source
code into executable object code, while interpreters execute the code line by line. They help bridge the
gap between human-readable code and machine-executable code.
Person A: Is it true that programming in higher-level languages is easier than in low-level languages?
Person B: Yes, indeed! Higher-level languages provide more abstractions and advanced features, making it
easier for programmers to express their ideas and solve complex problems. They are closer to natural
languages and allow for faster development.
Person A: Ah, that's interesting. So, programming languages play a crucial role in enabling us to
communicate with computers effectively.
Person B: Absolutely! Programming languages are the bridge that allows us to give instructions to
computers and create amazing software and applications. They are the backbone of the modern
technological world.
Person A: Thanks for explaining all of this. Programming languages seem even more fascinating now!
Person B: You're welcome! I'm glad I could share my knowledge with you. Programming languages are
indeed fascinating, and there's always something new to learn and explore in this ever-evolving field.
Individual Work
as many times as you need. Write out 10 topical theses. Prepare your own
Computers and machines are especially good at repeating tasks and performing calculations.
Programming languages allow us to translate the abstract ones and zeros into something humans get
understand.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
Overall, this pie chart shows that programming languages are used to varying degrees.
The largest number of people use Java (22.3%) and C++ (22%).
The third most popular use is С (20.7%) and the fourth is PHP (16.3).
Almost the same percentage between the two languages JavaScript (3.9%) and C# (4%).
JavaScript engines were originally used only in web browsers, but are now core components of
some servers and a variety of applications. The most popular runtime system for this usage is Node.js.
Although Java and JavaScript are similar in name, syntax, and respective standard libraries, the two
languages are distinct and differ greatly in design.