Material Science and Engineering

Properties and characteristics of materials

ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene-styrene) is a tough material and easily moulded material it is
usually opaque although some grains can now be transparent and it can be given by a colours.
Their typical uses are safety helmets comfort tabs, automotive instrument panels and other
interior components, pipe fittings home security devices.
General properties
Mechanical properties
Electrical properties
Thermal properties
Eco properties
Properties is the currency of the materials world they are the bargaining chips the way you trade
off one material against another.

Material Information for Design

- It is important to know how to judge the data quality
Types of Material Information
1. Raw Data
2. Raw Information
3. Knowledge
Structured data for design or the allowable and the characteristics of material to deform.
To design with a material, you need to know its real character, its strengths, and its weaknesses.
- How do you shape it?
- How do you join it?
- Who has used it before and for what?
- Did it fail? Why?
Other considerations
- Standards and codes
- Economically viable
- Performance
- Consumer appeal
- Cost
General Properties
- Density
- Price
Mechanical Properties
- Young modulus
- Yield strength
- Tensile strength
- Elongation
- Hardness- Vickers
- Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles
 - Fracture toughness

The Strain- strain Curve

- A curve that shows the relationship between the strain and the stress that the material
undergo during an operation.
Elastic Modulus
- The measure of an objects or substances resistance to being deformed elastically when
stress is applied
- The slope of the initial, linear elastic, part of the stress- strain curve.

 Young’s Modulus , E – “ tensile or compressive loading “

 Shear Modulus , G – “ shear loading “
 Bulk Modulus, K- “hydrostatic pressure”
Yield Strength
- The maximum stress that can be applied before material begins to change shape
permanently.
Flexural strength
- Also called modulus of rapture
- The maximum surface stress in a bent at the instant of failure
Tensile Strength
- The ability of a material to resist a force that tends to pull it apart
- For britlle solids- ceramics, glasses, and brittle polymers- it is the same as the failure
strength in tension

Endurance limit
- The stress below which a material can endure an infinite number if repeated load cycles
without exhibiting failure.
Hardness
- The resistance of a specific material to localized plastic deformation or indentation.
Toughness and Fracture Toughness
- Measure the resistance of a material to the propagation of a crack

Melting Temperature and Glass Temperature

- They relate directly to the strength of the bonds in the solid
- Crystalline solids have a sharp melting point. Non crystalline solids do not.

Maximum service temperature (Tmax), Minimum Service Temperature (Tmin)

Tmax- highest temperature at which the material can be used without oxidation, chemical
change, or excessesive creep becoming problem.
Tmin- the temperature below which the material becomes brittle or other wise unsafe use.

Electric Resistivity
 - Property of a material that measures how strongly it resists electric current
Electrical conductivity
- The reciprocal of the resistivity
Dielectric Constant
- Measures the tendency of an insulator to be polarized when placed in an electric field.
Breakdown potential
- The electrical potential gradient at which an insulator breaks down and a damaging surge
of current flows through it.
Optical Properties
- All materials allow for some passage of light, although for metals it is exceedingly small.

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
1. Strength
2. Toughness
3. Stiffness
4. Elasticity
5. Plasticity
6. Ductility
7. Resilience
8. Brittleness
9. Hardness

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

1. Density
2. Conductivity
3. Optical
4. Melting/boiling point
5. Solubility
6. Viscosity
7. Magnetism
8. Hygroscopicity
9. Crystalline structure
10. Shape and size
11. Acoustical (sound transmission/ absorption)
12. Flammability
13. Color

OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

1. Opaque
2. Translucent
3. Transparent
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
1. Corrosion
2. Rusting
3. Oxidation

Material Science and Engineering

1. Properties and characteristics of materials
ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene-styrene) is a tough material and easily moulded material it is
usually opaque although some grains can now be transparent and it can be given by a colours.
Their typical uses are safety helmets comfort tabs, automotive instrument panels and other
interior components, pipe fittings home security devices.
Here are the different properties of a materials we have General properties, Mechanical
properties, Electrical properties, Thermal properties and Eco properties. Properties is the
currency of the materials world they are the bargaining chips the way you trade off one material
against another. In Material Information for Design it is important to know how to judge the data
quality.
Types of Material Information are Raw Data, Raw Information, and Knowledge.
Under the General Properties are Density and Price. In Mechanical Properties are Young
modulus,Yield strength ,Tensile strength, Elongation, Hardness- Vickers, Fatigue strength at
10^7 cycles, Fracture toughness.

The Strain- strain Curve is a curve that shows the relationship between the strain and the stress
that the material undergo during an operation. Elastic Modulus is the measure of an objects or
substances resistance to being deformed elastically when stress is applied and also the slope of
the initial, linear elastic, part of the stress- strain curve. Young’s Modulus , E – “ tensile or
compressive loading”, Shear Modulus , G – “ shear loading “, Bulk Modulus, K- “hydrostatic
pressure”. Yield Strength is the maximum stress that can be applied before material begins to
change shape permanently. Flexural strength also called modulus of rapture and the maximum
surface stress in a bent at the instant of failure. Tensile Strength is the ability of a material to
resist a force that tends to pull it apart and for brittle solids- ceramics, glasses, and brittle
polymers- it is the same as the failure strength in tension. Endurance limit is the stress below
which a material can endure an infinite number if repeated load cycles without exhibiting failure.
Hardness is the resistance of a specific material to localized plastic deformation or indentation.
Toughness and Fracture Toughness measure the resistance of a material to the propagation of a
crack. Melting Temperature and Glass Temperature are relate directly to the strength of the
bonds in the solid and Crystalline solids have a sharp melting point. Non crystalline solids do
not.
Maximum service temperature (Tmax), Minimum Service Temperature (Tmin), Tmax- highest
temperature at which the material can be used without oxidation, chemical change, or excessive
creep becoming problem.Tmin- the temperature below which the material becomes brittle or
otherwise unsafe use.

2. Electric Resistivity is the property of a material that measures how strongly it resists
electric current. Electrical conductivity is the reciprocal of the resistivity. Dielectric
Constant measures the tendency of an insulator to be polarized when placed in an electric
field. Breakdown potential is the electrical potential gradient at which an insulator breaks
down and a damaging surge of current flows through it.Optical Properties is the all
materials allow for some passage of light, although for metals it is exceedingly small.
Properties of materials are Mechanical, Physical and Chemical. The Mechanical
properties of materials are Strength, Toughness, Stiffness, Elasticity, Plasticity, Ductility,
Resilience, Brittleness and Hardness.
Physical properties of materials are Density, Conductivity, Optical, Melting/boiling point,
Solubility, Viscosity, Magnetism, Hygroscopicity, Crystalline structure, Shape and size,
Acoustical (sound transmission/ absorption), Flammability and Color. And lastly is the chemical
properties of materials which is the Corrosion, Rusting and Oxidation.